1516 Single-column universal turning-boring machine Schemes, description, characteristics

Information about the manufacturer of the rotary lathe 1516

The developer and manufacturer of the 1516 rotary lathe is the Krasnodar machine-tool plant Sedina , founded in 1911.

In 1915, the first lathe was produced. In 1922, the enterprise received its modern name - in honor of turner G. M. Sedin.

In 1935, the first rotary lathe, model 152, was produced, and by 1937, the priority profile of the plant was determined - machine tool building, and first of all, the production of rotary lathes.

Vertical turning machines produced by the Krasnodar Machine Tool Plant, KSZS

• 1А512МФ3
  single-column vertical turning machine with CNC Ø 1250 x 1000
• 1А516МФ3
  single-column vertical turning machine with CNC Ø 1600 x 1000
• 1L532
  - two-column rotary lathe Ø 3150 x 1600
• 1M557
  - two-column rotary lathe Ø 3200 x 1600
• 1286-6
  six-spindle vertical lathe Ø 630 x 750
• 1508
  — single-column rotary lathe Ø 800 x 800
• 1510
  — single-column rotary lathe Ø 1000 x 800
• 1512
  — single-column rotary lathe Ø 1250 x 1000
• 1512F3
  single-column vertical turning machine with CNC Ø 1250 x 1000
• 1516
  — single-column rotary lathe Ø 1600 x 1000
• 1516F1
  - single-column rotary lathe with digital indicator Ø 1600 x 1000
• 1516F3
  - single-column vertical turning lathe with CNC Ø 1600 x 1000
• 1525
  — two-column rotary lathe Ø 2500 x 1600
• 1531M
  single-column rotary lathe Ø 1250 x 1000
• 1541
  — single-column rotary lathe Ø 1600 x 1000
• 1553
  two-column rotary lathe Ø 2300 x 1600

Single-column turning lathe 1516. Purpose and scope

The single-column rotary lathe model 1516 is a universal machine and is designed for processing a variety of products made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals in small-scale and mass production.

Model 1516 is common among rotary lathes in the former USSR. The machine allows turning parts with a diameter of up to 1600 mm, a height of up to 1 meter and a weight of up to 6300 kg . The machine was exported to many countries around the world.

The design of the 1516 machine is unified with the design of the 1512 machine and differs only in the dimensions of the faceplate and the power of the electric motor.

The machine can perform cylindrical and conical turning and boring, turning of planes, drilling, countersinking and reaming of holes, as well as semi-finishing and finishing turning of flat end surfaces.

Operating principle and design features of the machine

The machine has two supports :

1. vertical with a five-position turret with automatic rotation and locking at each position
2. horizontal (side) with four-position tool holder

The technological capabilities of the machine are significantly expanded with the help of a self-centering faceplate supplied upon special order, devices (for thread cutting, processing of conical surfaces, turning shaped surfaces of bodies of revolution along a copier, processing parts on stops) and a device for processing with cooling.

The following operations can be performed on the machines:

• turning cylindrical and conical surfaces;
• boring of cylindrical and conical surfaces;
• turning flat end surfaces using vertical and lateral supports.

In addition, a vertical support can be used to grind flat end surfaces while maintaining a stepwise constant cutting speed in finishing and semi-finishing modes; drilling, countersinking and reaming; Grooving and parting.

When using special devices and devices that are supplied with the machines upon special order for an additional fee, the machines can produce:

• processing of parts according to specified dimensions (on stops);
• cutting threads, turning and boring conical surfaces;
• processing of shaped surfaces of bodies of rotation using a copier (electrocopier);
• processing of parts with cooling.

In the usual version, the machines are supplied with a vertical turret support, which has a mechanical rotation and clamping of the turret head, and a side support.

In addition, upon special order, for an additional fee, a machine with a self-centering faceplate with manual clamping of the product can be supplied.

All accessories can be mounted on the machine at the same time, with the exception of cooling, which cannot be installed simultaneously with the self-centering faceplate.

Due to the fact that the installation of fixtures requires significant changes and modifications to the machine, orders for the manufacture of fixtures for previously supplied machines cannot be fulfilled. Accessories are supplied only with the machine.

The significant power of the main drive electric motor, the high rigidity of the base parts and the sufficient strength of all elements of the kinematic chain, combined with wide ranges of control of the faceplate speeds and feed rates, allow the machines to perform highly productive work at high-speed cutting conditions.

Main technical characteristics of screw-cutting lathe 1516

Developer: Krasnodar Machine Tool Plant named after Sedin.
Manufacturer: Krasnodar Machine Tool Plant named after Sedin.

The main parameters of the machine are in accordance with GOST 44-93. Rotary lathes. Basic parameters and dimensions. Standards of accuracy and rigidity.

Machine accuracy class N according to GOST 8-77.
• The largest diameter of the workpiece being processed is Ø 1600 mm
• The highest height of the processed workpiece is Ø 1000 mm
• Diameter of the washer - Ø 1400 mm
• The largest weight of the processed workpiece is 6300 mm
• Faceplate rotation speed - 4..200 rpm, 18 steps
• Electric motor power - 30 kW
• Full weight of the machine – 20 t

Modifications of the rotary-turning machine, single-column 1516

1516.000, 1516-1, 1516-2, 1516.300, 1516.400 - universal single-column rotary lathe
1516F1, 1516PF1, 1516F1.041, 1516F1.300, 1516F1.323, 1516F1.4 00, 1516F1.423 - rotary lathe with digital display — digital display device

1516F2, 1516F3, 1516F3.271, 1516F3.471, 1516MF4 - rotary lathe with CNC - numerical control device

Safety precautions at work

The large-sized lathe 1516 is an object of danger if operating rules are violated. Therefore, only persons who have undergone appropriate training and have qualifications are allowed to work with it

It is important to follow basic safety precautions:

• it is necessary to work strictly in special clothing and shoes;
• tuck your hair under your headdress; there should be no hanging edges of clothing;
• at idle, you must initially check the operation of the controls, as well as the serviceability of the lubrication and cooling system;
• before starting work, make sure that the machine is grounded;
• It is prohibited to approach the equipment while under the influence of alcohol, drugs, or medications.

For safety, be sure to check the proper condition of the locking mode of the on and off levers to prevent spontaneous switching from idle to working.

The 1516 rotary lathe is one of the most reliable options for turning equipment designed for processing large-sized workpieces made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as various alloys. The unit provides the ability to perform a variety of operations, therefore it is considered a universal machine and is popular among workshop workers. The main advantage is the ability to process parts weighing up to 6 tons.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=ougw705-mQU

Arrangement of the components of the rotary lathe 1516

Location of machine components 1516

List of components of the machine 1516

1. Table – 30
2. Faceplate guard - 31
3. Vertical support - 650
4. Control pendant - 990
5. Control panel suspension - 99
6. Crossbar - 50
7. Cross member movement mechanism - 57
8. Bed - 10
9. Mechanism for manual movement of vertical support - 420
10. Vertical support feed box - 40
11. Gearbox - 21
12. Casing - 25
13. Mechanism for transmitting movement to feed - 15
14. Lubrication - 34
15. Horizontal caliper (side) - 66
16. Feed box horizontal caliper (side) - 46

A distinctive feature of the design of the machines is that most assembly units are made as independent products, which facilitates assembly not only during the manufacturing process, but also during repairs.

Foreign-made equipment

The modern market offers a large assortment of carousel-type units produced at foreign enterprises, and there are several brands that are popular. Among them are the Chinese company Dalian Guofeng Machine Tools, which produces C series equipment:

1. 5231, 5240, 5250, 5263. Installations with two racks, having indicators similar to those of the Soviet machines discussed above. The manufacturer guarantees high precision in processing metal blanks when performing the entire range of turning operations, including when working with blanks of complex shapes.
2. 5110, 5116, 5123, 5125, 5131. Single rack units whose power can range from 22-45 kW. The equipment is equipped with a CNC, whose simplicity makes working with the device easier, making it more efficient. They have a highly reliable design and are characterized by servomotors mounted on the drives of the X and Z axes.

Carousel-type devices manufactured by the Swiss company ENCE GmbH have a higher price, comparable to the quality. They are presented in several series and are also very popular.

• LEN 3000-5000. The diameter of the blanks for which these models are designed varies between 3150-5000 mm. This equipment is not equipped with CNC, but it is possible to equip it with such a system, which is provided for by the design. The main drive has two stages and is equipped with an electric motor whose rotation speed can be varied in 16 steps. Guides located vertically are sliding, and those located vertically are hydrostatic, acting as unloading elements;
• LEN 1250-2000. The cross-section of the blanks processed on these models is 1250-2000 mm. The series installations are equipped with roller guides with high-precision rolling bearings, which are installed in their moving units. Machining accuracy is enhanced by hydraulically balanced vertical and four-position tool holders. The reliability of the installations is increased due to the installation of electrical equipment from the manufacturer Siemens;
• SEN 1000-1800. CNC machines from well-known manufacturers Siemens and Fanuc. One of the important design features of these installations is a servomotor equipped with a gearbox from a German manufacturer and a thermally symmetrical group faceplate. The units of this series are produced in three standard categories, characterized by high performance and low noise levels - standard, heavy and high-precision.

The domestic market also includes installations from European manufacturers (VWEN and SENQ), which are equipped with a numerical control unit. These devices are notable for the fact that they can process not only workpieces made of various metals, but also alloys that contain porcelain or ceramics. The cross-section of the workpieces can reach 10 meters.

Video: rotary lathe 1516F1 with digital display.

Location of controls for rotary lathe 1516

Location of controls for rotary lathe 1516

List of machine controls 1516

1. Handle for fastening the cutting head of the side support
2. Screw for fixing the cutting tool arbor in the turret socket
3. Vertical support slider fixing screw
4. Nuts for fastening the rotary slide of the vertical support
5. Handle for connecting the machine to the electrical network
6. Crossbar clamp handle
7. Buttons for moving the crossbar “up”, “down”
8. Square worm for rotating the vertical slide slide
9. Vertical support fixing screw
10. Flywheel for manual vertical movement of the vertical support slider
11. Flywheel for manual horizontal movement of vertical caliper
12. Control pendant
13. Side caliper slider fixing screw
14. Side support fixing screw
15. Flywheel for manual horizontal movement of the side slider
16. Flywheel for manual vertical movement of the side support

Control panel for rotary lathe 1516

Control panel for rotary lathe 1516

List of controls on the machine control panel 1516

1. "GENERAL STOP" button
2. “NO LUBRICATION” warning light in the main drive
3. Main drive STOP button
4. Main drive START button
5. Switch for turning on and off the vertical support brake
6. Turret rotation and clamp button
7. Switch for setting working feeds and installation movements of the vertical support
8. Vertical support feed switch
9. Switch for the direction of movement of the vertical support
10. Signal light “VERTICAL CALIPER IN OPERATION”
11. Light switch on/off
12. Signal light “SIDE CALIPER IN OPERATION”
13. Side support movement switch
14. Side support feed switch
15. Switch for setting working feeds and installation movements of the side support
16. Switch for turning on and off the brake of side caliper movements
17. Switch for faceplate revolutions per minute
18. Switch for switching on and off step-constant cutting speed
19. Faceplate START button
20. Faceplate "STOP" button
21. Switch for turning on and off the faceplate jog start

Kinematic diagram of machine 1516

Kinematic diagram of rotary lathe 1516

The kinematic diagrams of machines 1512 and 1516 are similar to each other and differ from each other only in the kinematics of the chain of the feed motion transmission mechanism and the number of teeth of the table gears.

Due to the different number of teeth on the table gears, machines 1512 and 1516 have different speed limits for the faceplate speeds with the same gearbox.

The kinematics of the chains of the feed motion transmission mechanism are different for the machines, but their gear ratios are selected in such a way that the total gear ratio of the kinematic chain from the faceplate to the feed box is the same for both machines. This allows you to use the same feed boxes and obtain the same feed amounts.

Gearbox of machine 1516

The gearbox is used to ensure rotation of the faceplate, as well as starting, stopping and changing speeds. Rotation is transmitted to the input shaft of the gearbox from the main drive electric motor through a V-belt drive. The gearbox provides the faceplate with 18 speed levels.

The gearbox is controlled remotely from a pendant remote control.

The presence of electromagnetic clutches in the gearbox allows you to switch speeds on the go and thereby ensure the maintenance of a stepwise constant cutting speed when processing end surfaces.

The gearbox has six shafts mounted on rolling bearings in a housing with a parting plane along the shaft axes for ease of assembly.

At higher speeds, the start is carried out in stages in two, three or four stages. The number of acceleration stages increases with increasing speed of the faceplate.

Switching of clutches during stepwise acceleration is carried out automatically (for a detailed description, see Part 2 of the Operating Manual 'Electrical equipment of machine tools').

Changing the speed from 1st to 12th stage is carried out by turning on the corresponding combinations of electromagnetic clutches.

To enable the jog mode of operation of the faceplate, which is used when installing and aligning the part, it is necessary to place the switch on the pendant control panel in the “Jog start” position of the faceplate and press the “Start” button of the faceplate.

There are no special braking devices in the gearbox, and the faceplate is braked by simultaneous activation of three electromagnetic clutches.

Machine table

There are no fundamental design differences between the tables of machines 1516 and 1512. The machine parts are similar and differ from each other only in size.

The table consists of a body with circular guides, a faceplate with a spindle and a faceplate drive.

The table body is a cast iron with a developed system of ribs, giving it greater rigidity.

At the top of the table body there are annular projections that fit into the annular grooves of the faceplate, forming a labyrinth. This prevents lubricant from splashing and protects against chips, cast iron dust, emulsion and other contaminants getting inside the table.

The faceplate is driven from the gearbox through a pair of bevel gears with a circular tooth, then through a cylindrical helical pair: a gear and a ring gear rigidly connected to the faceplate.

Machine feed boxes

The design of the feed boxes of the lateral and vertical supports is the same.

The vertical support feed box is mounted on the right end of the cross member; side caliper feed box - directly to its body.

The feed box body is a box-shaped cast iron with sufficient rigidity. All feed box shafts are mounted on rolling bearings.

The feed boxes are driven from a vertical splined shaft, which receives rotation from the output shaft of the gearbox through the mechanism for transmitting movement to the feed (see Fig. 6).

The feed boxes provide the calipers with 18 working feeds and 18 speeds of installation movements. This is achieved by switching on the appropriate combinations of electromagnetic clutches of the feed boxes (for the switching diagram of electromagnetic clutches, see Part 2 of the Operating Manual 'Electrical equipment of machine tools*).

All gears of the feed boxes are in constant engagement.

A turret head with five slots and holes for attaching a tool is mounted on a cylindrical bushing. Changing the positions of the turret is carried out remotely from a pendant control panel. By pressing the “Turret Head” button, the electric motor for turning the turret head, mounted on the upper end of the slide, is turned on. Rotation from the electric motor is transmitted through gears to the drive shaft.

The main movement (rotation of the faceplate) is transmitted from the electric motor 1 through the V-belt transmission 2 - 3 to shaft I, then through the gearbox, shaft V, bevel gears 25 - 26 and wheels 27-28 is transmitted to the faceplate. The gearbox is equipped with eight electromagnetic clutches, the switching of which allows you to provide the faceplate with 18 rotation speeds ranging from 5 to 250 rpm.

The feeds of the calipers (revolving and side) are borrowed from the faceplate through two independent feed boxes with the same kinematics. Each box is equipped with eight electromagnetic clutches, switching which makes it possible to obtain 16 feed rates for both calipers.

Horizontal feed of turret support . From shaft VIII of the faceplate through gear 28 - 27, bevel gears 26 - 25, 24 - 23, gear 29 - 30 and bevel pairs of wheels 31 and 53, the movement is transmitted to shaft XII of the feed box (shown separately at the top left). From the feed box, the shaft XX of the caliper mechanism receives rotation, and then through gears 52 and a screw pair 65, the turret caliper receives horizontal feed.

Vertical feed of the turret support . From shaft VIII of the faceplate to shaft XXI of the feed box, rotation is carried out along the same chain; Then, through bevel gears 55 - 56, a cylindrical pair of wheels 57, a conical pair 58 and a screw pair 59, the turret caliper receives the feed movement.

Horizontal feed of side support . As before, the movement goes from shaft VIII of the faceplate to shaft XII of the feed box, then through the feed box to shaft XX and then through gears 39 - 41 and screw pair 42, the side caliper receives feed.

Vertical feed of side support . From the faceplate shaft to the feed box shaft XII, the movement proceeds along the same chain, then through the feed box the shaft XXI of the caliper mechanism receives rotation and through the bevel gears 35-36 and the screw pair 43 the side caliper receives feed.

Both supports receive accelerated movement

Design features and maintenance requirements

Main components and mechanisms of the machine:

Bed - the supporting part to which all the main elements are attached, including the body

It is important to securely fasten the machine to the foundation to prevent vibration. In addition, a reinforced layer of concrete is required, taking into account the weight of the structure. A table that provides positioning of the future part. This is a rough cast iron casting equipped with many stiffening ribs. Such a design is capable of withstanding very heavy loads

If necessary, its plane is restored. Faceplate with built-in workpiece clamping mechanism. The safety of work and the quality of processing depend on the serviceability of the module, since a significant load is applied during the cutting process. During operation, the faceplate rotates. When working, it is necessary to cover it with a protective casing that prevents chips from flying away, splashing coolant and protects in case of tool splitting. When readjusting, the casing is moved to the side without interfering with access. Dynamic rotation parameters are set using a gearbox. Racks with a crossbar for the vertical layout of machine parts. They are made with a significant margin of safety and are able to withstand emergency situations. A traverse with two calipers moves along the racks and can be locked in the desired position. One of the supports is a revolving one - it consists of a carriage and a slider with a revolving head, which houses the cutting tool. The second one is determined by the boring machine, and it has a tool holder on its slide. There is also a side support for external processing. Rotations of the sliders expand the technological capabilities of the existing tool. A control panel mounted on a rod to the operator's workplace. This allows you to control the machine, controlling the cutting processes taking place. All buttons are at hand, and if necessary, you can always quickly adjust or stop processing. Feed box with drive. Lubrication station. The process occurs centrally, by supplying tool oil to certain lubrication points. The worker is required to monitor and maintain the level of lubricants in the system. Electrical cabinet. Power is supplied from an industrial three-phase electrical network. During installation, it is necessary to ensure free access to both the electrical cabinet and other parts of the equipment.

A full description is provided in the accompanying documentation. The requirements for operation, safety precautions and routine maintenance are also indicated there. Timely maintenance can significantly prolong repairs and avoid many different breakdowns. If wear is detected, for example, on gears, it is better to replace them immediately rather than wait for errors to accumulate.

Depending on the intensity of use, the timing of diagnostics, medium and major repairs is determined.

Electrical circuit of the power supply of the machine 1516

Electrical circuit of the power supply of the rotary lathe 1516

Characteristics of the electrical equipment of the machine 1516

The electrical equipment of machine tools consists of electric motors, electrical controls, limit switches to limit the movement of moving parts of the machine and control equipment.

The machines are equipped with five three-phase asynchronous electric motors with a squirrel-cage rotor:

1. main drive motor 1M1;
2. oil pump drive motor 1M2;
3. cross member movement motor 1M3;
4. motor for installation movements of the upper support, installation movements of the side support 4M1 and three single-phase asynchronous capacitor electric motors with a squirrel-cage rotor to drive the lubricator of the lubrication system;
5. cross member motor 1M4;
6. upper support motor 2M2 and 2M3

The following voltage values ​​are accepted on the machine

• 380V three-phase alternating current, frequency 50 Hz - power supply of power circuits;
• 110V single-phase alternating current - power supply to coils of magnetic starters and single-phase electric motors;
• 36V single-phase alternating current - power supply for the circuit for selecting the direction of travel of the stepper finder;
• 24V - DC power supply for local lighting lamps;
• 24V - DC power supply for control circuits and electromagnetic couplings;
• 90V - DC power supply to the stepper finder coils.

All electrical equipment for controlling the machine is located in the niche of the machine. The machine is controlled from a pendant control panel.

The electrical equipment of the machine performs the following functions:

• Faceplate control:
• start-up in operating mode;
• start in jog mode;
• step change in speed with a rotating faceplate;
• maintaining a stepwise constant cutting speed when turning end surfaces with the upper support (changing the speed of rotation of the faceplate using a cam rack and a limit switch);
• faceplate stop.

Caliper control:

• working feeds (feed selection and switching on);
• installation movements (selection of movement speed and switching on).

Moving the cross member.

Description of electrical equipment operation

The electrical circuit provides for the following operations

• starting and stopping the main drive electric motor and the lubrication system electric motor;
• raising and lowering the cross member.

Main drive motor control

The main drive electric motor is controlled from a pendant control panel using buttons 1Кн2 - “Start” and IKHI - “Stop”.

When you press the 1Kn2 - “Start” button, the main drive starter 1K1 is turned on. At the same time, the 1P1 relay for limiting the idle speed of the main drive electric motor is turned on, which operates with a time delay. If the faceplate is not turned on during this time, the open contact of this relay (circuit 4) will turn off the main drive starter.

The main drive electric motor is turned off by pressing the IKHI - “Stop” button.

When the faceplate is turned on, the IKHI button is blocked by the closing contact of the step finder SHIT. The main drive motor can only be turned off after the faceplate has been turned off and the step finder is in the zero position.

Description of the main components

Photo 1. General view of the machine. The basis of the structure is a vertical hollow post cast from cast iron. All other nodes are attached to it.

Desktop

Rice. 1. Drive platform.

The unit (Fig. 1) consists of a faceplate assembled with a spindle on two bearing supports in a cast iron housing, and a drive device. Cylindrical roller bearings are designed to center the platform and absorb radial cutting forces. The radial clearance in the supports is selected by tightening the inner rings with a conical surface using adjusting nuts. The axial load from the weight of the workpiece and cutting forces is absorbed by an annular sliding guide equipped with central lubrication. The rotation of the faceplate is communicated using a cylindrical helical gear from the drive shaft connected to the main movement drive.

Gearbox

Photo 2. Appearance.

This unit, nicknamed the “pig” by carousel workers (photo 2), serves to transmit torque from the drive motor to the worktable spindle, as well as to set the required peripheral speed of the latter. The mechanism consists of 6 shafts that transmit power flow through gears. All of them are in constant engagement, but there is no rigid closure (the gears sit freely on the shafts). Switching on a particular rotation speed is carried out by switching electromagnetic clutches (there are 10 in total in the box) remotely.

Significant inertial masses (faceplate plus workpiece) lead to an increased starting current at the moment the engine is turned on. To reduce it, stepwise acceleration of the platform is used. Depending on the set speed, switching is automatically carried out in 2, 3 or 4 stages. Since the clutches can be changed on the fly, this allows you to maintain a constant peripheral speed when turning long end surfaces.

Attention: the instructions limit the angular speed of the platform in accordance with the mass of the workpiece being processed. For example, with the mass of the latter being 3.2 tons, the permissible number of revolutions of the faceplate is no more than 80

Technical characteristics of the rotary lathe 1516