History of the device
A screwdriver is a power tool. Its main purpose, as the name suggests, is to tighten or unscrew a fastener. After the electric drill was invented in 1868, the development of power tools became widespread. Founding companies DeWalt, Bosch, Black & Decker, Makita and Hitachi developed the industry by creating new devices.
The introduction of the Phillips head screw in 1934 created a demand for electric tools to tighten them. It was especially in demand in mechanical engineering. The first device of this kind was called a wrench. With the advent of batteries, the device gained mobility, and the name screwdriver came into use. Its mass production began in the early 80s .
Modern devices are constantly improving, but to a greater extent this relates to the method of autonomy and control. The design of the device remains unchanged.
How to Disassemble a Bosch Screwdriver Button
How to disassemble a screwdriver: chuck, battery
Innovative technologies in construction are developing every day; it has long been clear to everyone that a screwdriver is your assistant both for the most experienced specialist and for a novice craftsman. Thanks to it, there is an option to simply tighten various self-tapping screws when assembling furniture structures, and also when performing repairs on appliances and apartments.
The fact that no matter what equipment breaks down over the years is no longer news to us, so it is possible to disassemble a screwdriver and try to fix it at home. However, just without fanaticism, be careful when disassembling, especially such models as: interskol sell 12er 01, interskol sell 18er
How does a screwdriver work? ()
What problems can be corrected at home? How to recognize this or that breakdown? To give definite answers to these questions, first we will understand the internal mechanism of the tool. The main protruding element is the power button. It is used to start the device and also to configure the speed and direction of rotation of the working part - the chuck.
The speed is adjusted using an electrical device based on a transistor. The speed of rotation is directly proportional to the force of pressing the button. The reverse is started by changing the polarity of the electric current at the terminals. Typically, a screwdriver is equipped with single-phase commutator-type motors that operate on continuous current. The engine contains a housing, magnets, an armature and brushes.
The rotation from the motor goes to the gearbox. Next, it converts high engine speeds into low cycles on the shaft, where a cartridge with active bits is fixed.
The planetary mechanism contains:
- Ring gear
- Sun gear mounted directly on the motor shaft
- Satellites
- two or three drivers
Then comes the force stabilizer, which has sixteen positions. These positions provide a specific tension on the screw, so as not to damage the material; that’s why they are attached. The last component is the cartridge.
Operating principle and main components
Before you start repairing a screwdriver with your own hands, you need to understand the principle of its operation and what parts it consists of. The main difference between a screwdriver and other power tools is the use of a mechanism that stops the rotation of the working part of the device. This happens when the maximum resistance configured for the instrument is reached. This value is not constant and can be adjusted. There are two types of device:
- operating from a 220 volt network;
- using a rechargeable battery.
Regardless of the type of device, their operating principle is the same and is based on the transmission of torque. It determines which fastening tool the screwdriver can tighten. To increase torque, devices use gearboxes with a large gear ratio, but the rotation speed is reduced. For screwdrivers operating on AC power, the torque value is related to the power consumption of the tool. The main parts underlying the device of a screwdriver, be it Makita, Hitachi or Bison, are as follows:
- electric motor;
- push button;
- speed controller with reverse;
- chuck;
- the electronic unit;
- gearbox
The electric motor rotates the spindle at a set speed using a planetary gearbox. The torque is controlled by a clutch, and a chuck or hex holder is placed on the spindle. A replaceable device called a “bit” is installed in this cartridge. The screwdriver is controlled by an electronic circuit and reverse switching .
Reverse occurs by changing the polarity of the power supply. The motor is a single-phase continuous current commutator motor. This motor is designed to be connected to an alternating current network. The field winding is connected in series with the armature winding and is divided into two parts. One turns on before the anchor, and the other after it.
Best Impact Drivers
Below is a rating of the best impact screwdrivers that have earned positive reviews from experts and users.
Makita HP0300 box, 320 W
Ergonomic, powerful and properly balanced screwdriver. Calibrated keyless chuck, low speed mode. Double protective insulation, mechanical two-stage transmission, reverse. Rubberized handle, speed adjustment, gearbox.
Interskol DAU-13/18V
Included in the TOP 10 professional brushless screwdrivers. Keyless chuck, mode switching with two rings, backlight. High turnover, low price.
Makita DHP458RFE Li-Ion 3 Ah 18 V x 2 case
Powerful, complete set, multifunctional tool. Makita 18V LXT battery system, two batteries, charger. Additional handle, drilling depth limiter, bit, case.
BOSCH GSB 12V-30 Li-Ion 2.0 Ah 12 V x2 case
Impact drill function, brushless motor. 3 years warranty, quick-release chuck, spindle lock, overload protection. 2 batteries GBA 12V 2.0Ah, fast charger GAL 12V-40 Professional, case.
DeWALT DCD706D2 Li-Ion 2.0 Ah 12 V x2 TSTAK
Powerful screwdriver in a compact, lightweight body. Locking metal chuck, DeWALT 12V MAX battery system. Two batteries, charger, TSTAK case.
Choosing a reliable screwdriver depends on many parameters. But your personal preferences cannot be left aside. Regarding the characteristics of the tool, friends can give advice. You can watch a video on the topic or read reviews from professionals, study the rating and, as a result, get a reliable model for use.
Top 10 screwdrivers chosen by customers
Disassembling a screwdriver
Most often, in order to find a fault and repair the device, you will need to disassemble it. Since all devices are similar in appearance, resembling the shape of a pistol, their disassembly can be presented in the form of recommendations given for repairing an Interskol screwdriver:
- First of all, the battery pack is disconnected. To do this, you need to press the latch and unfasten the module.
- Unscrew all the screws around the perimeter of the device using a Phillips screwdriver.
- After unscrewing the screws, the two halves of the housing are separated, while holding the structural parts installed in the grooves.
- The speed switch, start button and reverse mechanism are carefully disconnected.
- The gearbox is removed from the removed half. To remove it, you will need to rotate the gearbox in its seat.
Assembly occurs in reverse order . In this case, it is necessary to ensure that all removed elements and wires are located in specially made recesses for them.
To lubricate the mechanical parts or restore the gearbox, the latter often has to be disassembled. To do this, first remove the protective plate, then unscrew the screws in a circle and remove the top cover. Viscous materials, for example, Litol, are used as lubricants. It is important to note that it is almost impossible to carry out serious repairs to a screwdriver gearbox with your own hands, since gears are not produced separately by manufacturers. Therefore, if it is damaged, you will have to replace the entire unit.
How to repair a screwdriver button if it doesn’t work - detailed instructions
To diagnose and repair a screwdriver, you will need the following tools:
- Crosshead screwdriver;
- Screwdriver with a narrow flat slot.
As a result of active use of any power tool, dirt inevitably accumulates inside its body.
Therefore, before you go to the store for a new unit, you should try to clean the old one. The carbon deposits formed on the contacts should also be cleaned with fine sandpaper. If the button is not removable, you will have to replace the entire unit.
Stages of diagnostics:
- We disassemble the tool body. To do this, disconnect the battery and unscrew all the screws (they can be hidden behind decorative trims that will have to be removed).
- We check the serviceability of the electric motor. To do this, disconnect the two power wires from the control unit and connect them to the battery contacts (the engine should start).
- We disassemble the screwdriver button. To do this, you need to squeeze out the plastic latches and separate the two parts of the button body.
- We visually inspect the condition of the button for dirt and damage.
- Next, you need to carefully assemble the screwdriver button, install it in place and test it.
VIDEO INSTRUCTIONS » alt=»»>
If cleaning the control unit does not produce results, it is necessary to replace the entire button unit.
To do this you need:
- Disassemble the screwdriver (the process is described above);
- Install a new button in place of the old one;
- Connect the motor to the button terminals (observing polarity in this case is not necessary);
- Assemble the screwdriver, carefully placing the wires in the housing.
It is very important to select a button for a specific screwdriver model, since despite all the external similarity and visual correspondence, the part may not fit into the grooves. As a rule, new buttons are sold complete with battery terminals and a transistor
Read also: How much does a tire cost for a Shtil chainsaw?
A screwdriver is a mobile tool that makes it easier to work with fasteners and threaded connections.
Previously, you could only find cordless screwdrivers in the arsenal of experts, but when cheap household models became widely available, their popularity has increased sharply.
In contrast to expensive professional tools, economical analogues have the least resource, which is why they often fall into disrepair.
One of the weakest points of a household screwdriver
—button
start and reverse switch. Practice shows that they break down in most cases.
You, our client has to start by removing all the additional parts, so that the soft start function stops working, then to start the electric motor, a stronger pull on the “trigger” is required.
Over time, the instrument completely stops responding to any manipulation. Often there is a problem of the opposite nature, when the motor begins to work spontaneously.
Occasionally, to eliminate a defect, it is enough to disassemble the tool and clean it, although more often a complete change of the screwdriver button is required. In both the first and second cases, you can remove the problem yourself. First things first.
The screwdriver button is the main control point, which performs several functions at once:
- Switching on/on the tool;
- Switching direction of rotation;
- Smooth engine start;
- Speed adjustment.
At the same time, any of the control parts integrated into the button block are, by and large, unable to work correctly. Not counting the rotation direction switch, which is often a very multifunctional unit.
Finding the cause of the breakdown and eliminating it
The final breakdown of a tool is often accompanied by preliminary events, by paying attention to which you can prevent a serious malfunction: the appearance of extraneous sounds, sparking, burning odors, increased vibration, rapid battery discharge.
By disassembling the device, you can understand which unit is faulty. All device problems are divided into two types:
- electrical;
- mechanical.
Each type has its own primary characteristics, by which the damaged part can be easily determined. A special type of problem is related to the battery. The nature of the failure is due to the fact that the battery is quickly discharged, or the device does not want to start at all.
If purchasing a new battery is problematic, you can try to disassemble it and replace the faulty element.
The battery is disassembled by removing its latches from the grooves. Under the casing there are elements with a container. Their connection to each other is made by contact welding. You can use a multimeter to measure the voltage on each bank. The normal value of a charged cell is 1.2 volts. Faulty elements are removed - to do this, they are carefully bitten off with pliers at the point of contact, and similar ones are installed in their place. If there is no welding, you can use a soldering iron. Then the battery must be assembled and installed in a screwdriver for testing .
But the problem is not always related to the battery. For example, when repairing a Bosch screwdriver with your own hands, you often find damage to the charger circuit, not the battery. Repair of the charger consists of testing the radio elements. First of all, the mains fuse and rectifier bridge are checked.
Usually, when opening the charger case, external signs in the form of blackening of radio elements or a PCB board immediately show which element requires replacement. Most often, transistors located on radiators and the operational amplifier fail.
Electrical damage
Most often, malfunctions in the electrical part are associated not only with the inability to turn on the tool, but also with the lack of switching to reverse mode or the ability to adjust the speed.
Removing the keyless chuck
Another component that requires close attention is the keyless chuck. It happens that it also fails. Repair consists of replacing it. To remove the quick-release device, you need to unscrew the screw inside the chuck. Please note that the screw has a left-hand thread, so it must be unscrewed by rotating clockwise.
Then a hex wrench is inserted into the chuck with the short side, clamped and with a sharp blow of a hammer it is torn off the thread. After this, it is unscrewed along the thread by hand. She is normal, right.
After reading the article, we can conclude that the best screwdrivers for use in the household are tools manufactured by Bosch. They practically never fail. Their main problem is natural wear and tear due to long-term use or neglect.
Features of removal from screwdrivers of different brands
Makita often produces plastic cartridges for low-energy consumer models. When working with this design, you must be especially careful not to damage the casing. If you remove a cam cartridge, you must remove the cams first.
If we talk about Makita, its tools are equipped with automatic locking. Cartridges. One litre.
Bosch models are similar in structure. Most brands use similar design principles. The only difference is that Bosch screwdrivers have an autolot in the cartridge.
Milwaukee. Robust tool with threaded structure and additional screw fixation. First you need to unscrew it, and then knock it out. The manufacturer does not recommend changing the cartridge yourself, but advises contacting a service center. First, the standard parsing procedure is performed. Sometimes, if the usual option does not help, the tool must be completely disassembled by removing the gearbox using a spindle.
Producers Bison and Hitachi, Metabo, Devolt are very similar. If you need to remove the cartridge for replacement or maintenance cleaning, it must be unscrewed from the shaft. Working with screwdrivers from these manufacturers is not difficult: the screw is unscrewed in the standard way (clockwise), and then the housing is removed without additional effort.
Each owner must ensure that the instrument is in proper condition. All elements of the cartridge are thoroughly lubricated, so it will last longer and be easier to disassemble for replacement.
Try fixing a broken blender yourself Bosch makes sense if your free warranty has expired. And only if you have a little knowledge of electronics and electrical engineering, you know how to use a tester and a soldering iron. But first you need to disassemble it without breaking it completely. So how to do this?
How to disassemble
Disassembling the screwdriver is performed on a table or other flat surface to avoid loss of parts or fasteners.
Screwdriver
To disassemble the screwdriver, you first need to remove the battery and then unscrew all the screws
Then the case is carefully opened, trying not to damage the structure. If difficulties arise, you need to inspect the device again
There may be fasteners left somewhere or the parts are connected by staples that need to be removed.
After the case is opened, remove the parts one by one and lay them out on the table in the order in which they were removed. You can take several photographs so as not to make mistakes during the assembly process of the equipment.
Gearbox
A breakdown of this unit is indicated by strong vibration during operation, unusual noises or other signs. For repairs, you will need to disassemble the screwdriver gearbox. It includes ring gears, satellite gears, and carriers. All parts are removed from the housing one by one, then thoroughly cleaned and lubricated.
The procedure is carried out on a flat surface, removing all the parts, laying them out in the correct order so as not to experience problems during reassembly.
The disassembly itself looks like this: the cartridge is removed, the housing is disassembled, the gearbox is separated from the engine. Next, the plate is removed, all parts are removed from the housing, and the bolts connecting the halves of the gearbox are unscrewed. Use pliers to adjust the diameter of the spring to improve gear engagement. Next, the coupling is disassembled - the retaining ring, washers, and bulk bearing are removed. The shaft is removed.
After disassembly, faulty elements are replaced with new ones. Sometimes, for example, when a shaft is bent, it is necessary to purchase a new gearbox.
Engine
If the motor does not work, the problem is usually associated with the brushes, or less often with the armature winding. In the first case, the brushes are replaced with new ones. In the second, you will need to change the engine itself. The gear pressed onto the shaft of this unit remains intact; it must be disconnected with a special puller or improvised tools. The part is then placed onto the new engine using a hammer and a hard surface.
button
Repairing a screwdriver button is usually impractical, but sometimes it is enough to simply disassemble it and thoroughly clean it. Conventionally, it includes three nodes:
- control button for turning on and off, as well as speed adjustment;
- soft start lever;
- reverse button.
If the part is collapsible, to separate it, you need to find the plastic latches and bend them. The button that cannot be disassembled is replaced with a new one.
