DIY Oscillating Spindle Grinder

Functional Features of Spindle Grinding Machine

During the end processing of wooden workpieces, special requirements are placed on the quality of grinding. Making them manually is problematic and often leads to defects. For these purposes, it is best to use a spindle grinding machine made by yourself.

Unlike other types of woodworking equipment, this machine is large in size. This is due to the specifics of its design. It consists of a power unit, a spindle and a support frame. The above-described components are mounted on the latter. The spindle is positioned vertically, and sandpaper is attached to its surface. An oscillating grinding machine is used for continuous production. The difference lies in the additional movement of the spindle along the vertical axis. This ensures maximum processing quality.

When making such equipment with your own hands, the presence of an oscillating spindle is not provided. This is due to possible problems and laboriousness of the work.

The main characteristics of a spindle grinding machine that you can make yourself:

• electric motor parameters. The optimal power is from 0.6 to 2 kW. Rotation speed - 2000 rpm;
• spindle diameter. It is recommended to make several removable models mounted on the motor shaft. The diameter can vary from 20 to 180 mm. The higher this indicator, the faster the processing will take place;
• weight of the desktop. During operation of a self-made encryption machine, vibrations will inevitably appear. To eliminate them, it is recommended to increase the weight of the work table or perform a rigid fastening to another work surface.

The size of the tabletop directly depends on the dimensions of the workpieces. When processing small parts, you will need a platform of 50*50 cm. If their size is large, you need to make a large tabletop.

Factory models with an oscillating unit cost about 20 thousand rubles. Therefore, you need to think in advance about the feasibility of making it yourself.

How to glue a sanding sleeve onto a sanding drum

Master class on making your own grinding bushings for a metal or rubberized spindle of grinding drums for an oscillating spindle grinding machine.

Sanding bushes are a popular consumable item. It’s great when you learn how to make them yourself and stop depending on the availability of bushings of the required diameter and grit in stores.

In a wooden toy workshop, sanding the pieces is a special part of the production process.

This is a very responsible and important stage in transforming the workpiece into a safe wooden toy.

You need to carefully get rid of all sharp edges, smooth out the corners of the parts so that the toy becomes safe for the child and pleasant to hold in his hands.

A video of the process can be seen here:

Step-by-step master class with photos.

Sanding drums come in various diameters, with rubber or metal spindles, clutched and clutchless.

How grinding drums differ is the topic of the next master class.

The process of manufacturing a grinding sleeve for a grinding drum with a metal spindle begins with gluing the spindle itself with soft plastic.

Typically, large and large diameter drums come with a rubberized spindle, while small diameter drums simply have a metal spindle.

Rubber coating contributes to a “softer” grinding, the part and the grinding material are better pressed.

Rubber coated surface is in process.

Therefore, you can independently “rubber-coat” the metal spindle for more comfortable grinding of workpieces.

To do this, we need soft plastic for children's creativity and double-sided tape:

1. Wrap the metal spindle with double-sided tape and trim off the excess with a utility knife.

2. Remove the protective yellow shell.

3. Roll onto soft plastic.

4. Trim off the excess.

5. Roll the spindle with plastic on a flat, hard surface.

6. Everything is ready. You can start making the grinding sleeve.

For drums with a rubberized spindle, we skip the step of gluing soft plastic.

1. We make a grinding sleeve.

We will need wet sandpaper, a utility knife, super glue, meter-sized sanding belt and a template.

As a template, we use a magazine sleeve of any grain size, but of the drum diameter we need.

2. Take a sanding belt of the desired grain size, a template and tear off the blank strips.

You can make several bushings at once, as far as the width of the sanding belt allows.

3. Take sanding paper for WET sanding!

This is important, because such paper is strong and will not let glue onto the rubberized surface of the drum, which means that the sanding sleeve will be easy to change if necessary

Glue it to the back of the skin using super glue.

Trim off the excess, leaving a strip of about 1 cm.

4. We tentatively, without glue, wind the skin onto the drum and make control pencil marks.

5. Use super glue

It is important to try to apply super glue in the center of the glued skin, quickly and carefully. You can use the adjustment on the tube spout. The main thing is that the glue does not flow onto the front surface of the sandpaper and does not flow onto the rubberized part of the sanding drum

The main thing is that the glue does not flow onto the front surface of the sandpaper and does not flow onto the rubberized part of the sanding drum.

We wind with tension, aligning the pencil marks.

The convenience of this method is that super glue hardens very quickly and, after developing skills, in just 20 minutes you will have a batch of new grinding bushings.

It’s a pleasure to work with sandpaper of the required grain size!

The master class will be useful for craftsmen who make toys with curved shapes, such as rainbows.

Thanks for reading!

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Selecting components for a spindle grinding machine

The selection of components for a grinding machine before preparing it yourself is carried out only after drawing up a diagram. You can take drawings of factory models as a basis. Adjustments to the documentation are made according to the parameters of the available components.

The main component of homemade equipment is the electric motor. The best option would be to use a single-phase model with a power of up to 2 kW. The next element is the transition structure for attaching the spindle. This may be a shaft connected to the engine rotor using a belt drive. If it is necessary to regulate the speed, it is recommended to install pulley systems.

Recommendations for choosing components for a self-made grinding machine:

• frame. It is advisable to make it in the form of a desktop. Most factory designs have a cast iron body, which provides adequate stability. A wide desktop will have similar properties;
• spindle. Since this is the most wearing part of the equipment, it is best to make it from wood. This will reduce production costs, as well as reduce the cost of components.

The shaft with the spindle should be located closer to the center of the table. But at the same time it must freely reach the treatment area.

To improve the quality of work, it is recommended to install a chip ejector. Its nozzle should be located below the table level under the spindle.

Electric motor for machine

The performance of the machine depends on the engine installed in its design

When assembling homemade equipment, it is important to carefully consider the choice of electric motor:

1. Simple machines can be made using an electric motor from a washing machine. These are cheap models that surprise with their reliability, performance and durability.
2. The ideal option is considered to be engines that make 1000–1500 rpm. Powerful electric motors with a rotation speed of more than 3 thousand revolutions per minute are unsafe for homemade structures. Due to the heavy load, the parts may not be able to withstand it and the machine will break.
3. The optimal power indicator for homemade equipment is 100–200 W. It is desirable that the power could be increased to 400 W. You don't need more power for homemade products.
4. It is best to install a three-phase motor.

Electric motor for machine

Belt

To drive the grinding wheel, you need a high-quality belt. The optimal belt width is 12 mm. Thinner models overload the engine less, but they are less durable.

Making your own grinding machine

After preparing the manufacturing diagram and blanks, you can begin assembling the structure of the grinding machine with your own hands. The support table is best made from square steel pipes with additional stiffeners. The upper part under the tabletop must have a frame base.

First, the tabletop is made. For this you can use a sheet of fiberboard. A hole for the spindle is cut in the middle part of the workpiece. Then an adapter block is installed that connects the shaft to the engine rotor. After this, the power plant is installed. There are no restrictive or fixing components on the surface of the tabletop. The degree of processing of workpieces depends on their pressure to the abrasive surface.

Some factory settings provide a mechanism for changing the angle of the spindle relative to the workpiece. The same can be done in homemade models. However, it should be remembered that the presence of this unit in the circuit will increase the complexity of manufacturing the structure.

The video shows an example of a homemade design:

Using Oscillating Spindle Grinders

For wood processing, many models of professional machines used in technological operations are produced. The list of woodworking equipment includes oscillating spindle grinding machines Jbos-5, Scheppach OSM-100 used in the processing of wood products. If necessary, you can assemble a machine with your own hands to work at home, observing the necessary technical conditions and safety requirements.

Features of the use of spindle machines

The products of world leaders in the production of woodworking equipment are well known in Russia:

producing oscillating spindle grinding machines:

Oscillating spindle grinding machine Scheppach OSM 100

Jbos-5 machines are also produced at production facilities in China under license from a Swiss company.

Oscillating spindle machines consist of the main units:

1. Electric motor.
2. Desktop tiltable up to 45° on some models.
3. A set of spindles with sleeves.
4. A special oscillating mechanism placed in an oil bath, which can significantly extend the service life.
5. Protective housing with stand for spindles.
6. A set of table inserts with round holes.
7. A set of table inserts with oval holes designed for inclined grinding operations.
8. A special device for connecting the exhaust of generated waste.
9. Control unit.

Oscillation Spindle Machine: Main Functions

Some spindle machines have a small work table. And some have a large working surface with the ability to tilt up to 45 degrees. This allows you to work with boards with beveled edges. Such large work tables may also have a profile track guide. Thanks to it, the operator can continuously process boards with beveled edges.

Tabletop models usually have a 1/3-1/2 horsepower motor. Floor standing machines can have a motor up to 1 horsepower. This allows the use of shafts with larger diameters and lengths.

Oscillating spindle machines are available with grinding drums of various sizes. For desktop machines, the shaft height is usually about 10 cm. Their diameter varies between 12-50 mm. Floor-standing models usually have a shaft height of around 20 cm and a diameter of up to 10 cm.

Some models have a belt sanding function. As a rule, a special nozzle is used for this. It converts drum sanding into a belt sander. To use a spindle machine in belt sander mode, a standard width sanding belt is suitable. That is, the same as used for a belt sander.

Main performance characteristics

Models of grinding machines manufactured by various companies have certain characteristics:

1. Electric motors with a power of 0.8 - 1.3 kW.
2. A certain desktop size.
3. The permissible height of the workpiece for processing is 100-160 mm.
4. The spindle speed is 1300-1400 rpm.
5. Possible spindle oscillation frequency is 30-60 times per minute.
6. The permissible spindle stroke is 25-40 mm.
7. Possible tilt of the work table is from 15 to 45°.
8. The permissible size of the processing tool is up to 250 mm.
9. Certain weight characteristics - from 10 to 140 kg.

Grinding machine Jbos-5 with the table working position installed at an angle of 45°

The machines are also equipped with special devices that allow the removal of waste generated during the processing of parts.

Operating principle and technical parameters

Main components of spindle grinding machine:

• Disc sanding machine for wood,
• working surface,
• set of spindles and sleeves,
• protective housing on which the stand for spindles is located,
• oscillating mechanism located in a container with oil,
• Control block,
• chip suction,
• set of pulleys.

Factory models also include a spare spindle, tool stand, rubber roller and cleaning tool.

All machine components are mounted on a support frame. The spindle, covered with sandpaper, is placed vertically. There are pulleys on it. They have different diameters, although if the connection occurs through a gear drive, then pulleys of the same size can be used, but differing in the number of teeth.

The main working pulley is rigidly attached to the shaft. At the end of the machine there is a pulley equipped with an eccentric. The range of vertical movement of the spindle must correspond to the height of the motor pulley. Due to the difference between speeds, a reciprocating motion occurs.

The base of the machine is made of cast iron, which gives it the necessary stability. Thanks to the oil container in which the oscillating mechanism is located, the wear rate is reduced.

Spindle grinding machines have the following technical parameters:

• weight (from 10 to 140 kg),
• desktop settings,
• electric motor power (from 0.8 to 1.3 kW),
• angle of inclination of the working surface (up to 45⁰),
• maximum height of the workpiece (from 100 to 160 mm),
• number of spindle revolutions per minute (1300–1400),
• number of spindle oscillations per minute (from 30 to 60 times),
• size of the grinding tool (up to 250 mm).

Technical conditions for machine maintenance

The operation of oscillating machines requires certain regulations for carrying out preventive maintenance.

For the normal functioning of the grinding machine, it is necessary to periodically perform certain operations:

• once every 30 hours. the condition of the commutator brushes is checked and, if necessary, replacement is made (if the length of the brushes is less than 3.5 mm);
• Constantly clean the bottom flange and washer from dust;
• Constantly lubricate the working mechanisms of the machine.

Making your own grinding machine

If it is necessary to carry out wood processing operations, you can assemble a household machine with your own hands - a structure that must meet certain requirements:

1. The electric motor must be attached to the front pillar and connected to the grinding wheel using a shaft.
2. Circles can have different surfaces:

• made of abrasive material;
• felt;
• special fabric.

1. The base for mounting the electric motor must be movable and rotatable in any direction.
2. The electric motor must have sufficient power and shaft speed.

The use of oscillating spindle grinding machines allows us to achieve high quality processing of wood products, significantly increasing labor productivity and reducing the time required to complete operations.

Creating a machine at home

As mentioned above, oscillating grinding machines for industrial production are expensive, so if you wish, you can make it yourself. Do-it-yourself machines do not have an oscillating spindle. This is due to the complexity of the work.

There are three main components of the grinding installation.

Electric motor. For a homemade machine, the optimal choice would be a single-phase motor with a power of no more than 2 kW.

Frame. In factory models it is made of cast iron; at home you can use plexiglass. Usually performed in the form of a desktop. To eliminate vibrations during operation, which often occur with homemade machines, it is recommended to increase the size or weight of the workbench.

Before selecting components, you need to create a drawing. You can take the diagrams of factory models as a sample.

The electric motor is fixed on the front pillar. The frame on which it is located must be movable and rotate in any direction. To attach the spindle, a shaft is used, which is connected to the motor rotor via a belt drive.

To adjust the speed, a pulley system is created. The shaft should be positioned as close to the center of the work table as possible, but so that it can easily reach the processing area. When working on a product, grinding wheels with a surface made of abrasive materials, special fabric or felt are used.

Do-it-yourself grinding machine from a drill: drawings, photos and videos

The grinding machine is very common and in demand among the tooling available in the workshop, so its manufacture will be practical and justified. With its help, you can process not only wooden blanks, but also some types of other materials, such as plastics and some metal blanks, of course, without fanaticism (no grinder!). In this article we will describe the process of creating such a machine.

Introduction

There are a huge variety of different design options for grinding machines. And all these options have their application and purpose. Using a grinder made from an angle grinder, you can grind and sharpen large workpieces and give them the desired shape - the master holds it in his hands. The second option is a grinding machine, in which, like a grinder, the abrasive material is a sanding belt (sandpaper), but it is stationary and it is convenient to process small workpieces, while maintaining the feed angle, since there is a perpendicular table.

The version of the grinding machine that will be described in this article is much simpler than the two previous options; The abrasive element is a grinding wheel with sandpaper installed on it. The advantages of this option are obvious:

1. Ease of manufacture;
2. The sanding surface is much larger than that of belt options;
3. The grinding plane is rigid, unlike belt grinding, where the sandpaper can bend under the pressure of the workpiece;
4. This machine is universal, that is, it is one of three machines that are made on the basis of a drilling machine (in total, there are only 4 pieces with a drilling machine).

Here are three articles that describe their manufacture:

This design solution, which allows four variants of machines to be assembled on one base, is a universal and very practical solution, as it saves material, time and space in the workshop, and also has one power tool as a drive - a Drill.

How to make a homemade sanding machine? Drawings and manuals

The belt grinding machine is widely used not only in production, but also in everyday life to perform a number of operations for finishing various surfaces. In most cases, using such equipment, finishing of parts made of one or another type of wood is carried out. However, the machine is also suitable for grinding products made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and plastic - just use a special abrasive belt.

Among the main tasks that can be performed using belt sanding equipment are the following:

• reducing the degree of roughness of the treated surfaces of wood or other material;
• finishing to level the part;
• preparing a smooth base for painting or applying any coating.

In addition, such machines are often used for fine grinding using an abrasive belt of hard-to-reach internal and rounded parts of the workpiece, as well as for removing various defects on metal or wood products: burrs, varnish or primer deposits. These units are often used for sharpening knives, cleavers, chisels, and cutting parts of various power tools.

It is very convenient that with such equipment, using an abrasive belt, you can process parts of almost any shape: flat, polygonal or curved. These machines also perform grinding of pipe and round workpieces of various diameters.

Due to the wide range of applications of such units, many home craftsmen often have the desire to make a belt grinding machine with their own hands. This is explained by the fact that industrial machines are very bulky and the cost of the equipment is quite high.

If funds allow, and the unit with the sanding belt is planned to be used very often, then you can get a factory copy. It is worth considering that in the absence of the appropriate skills, making a machine yourself is quite problematic, even if you have all the necessary drawings and diagrams in front of you.

When purchasing industrial equipment, you need to take into account the difficulty of transportation and ensure that there is enough space in the workshop for its installation. In addition, servicing such a unit is much more difficult than one assembled independently, which is quite possible to do with the right approach.

Let's look at what belt sanding equipment is, and also provide step-by-step instructions for making a simple device at home.

As the name suggests, the working part of a belt sanding machine is a belt coated with a layer of abrasive substance. It is a closed ring fixed between a pair of rotating rollers, of which only one is driven.

Torque is transmitted to the drive drum via a belt drive from an electric motor. For various processing modes, manual adjustment of the belt speed is provided. Grinding can be done in only one plane or at any angle to the workpiece, depending on the type of equipment.

Different models of machines are designed to process parts of various sizes. On units with a short work table length and, accordingly, an abrasive belt, it is very inconvenient to grind large objects

It is important to take this factor into account before you decide to make a machine with your own hands or purchase a ready-made one.

An integral element of any belt sanding machine is the hood. With its help, a huge amount of dust generated during the process of sanding a part with a belt is removed from the working space. When processing wood, many tiny sawdust are released, which enter both the respiratory tract and the eyes, which can cause irritation.

The work table of different types of grinding units can be movable or stationary. The abrasive belt in such machines is located exclusively in the horizontal plane.

The design of some equipment that allows processing workpieces in all planes does not include a work table. In these cases, the tape can be freely rotated in any direction.

Preparing for work

Preparation for work is important, since it is at this stage that the full composition of the required tools, mechanisms, materials, fittings and fasteners is determined. It is at this stage that you need to make sure that you have everything you need so as not to interrupt or stop the work. Therefore, before starting, we recommend that you review the material in full and make sure that everything is available.

Tools

During the work you will need some hand and power tools, let's check the list:

1. Tool for straight sawing: Circular saw or sawing machine.
2. Jigsaw.
3. Screwdriver.
4. Additional hand tools: hammer, clamps, square, screwdriver, marking pencil, etc.

Materials, fittings and fasteners

To make a drill-based grinding machine you will need:

1. Plywood 15 mm thick. Chipboard can also be used.
2. Wing nut – 2 pcs.;
3. M6 bolt and self-tapping screws.

Main structural elements

The main structural elements of the grinding machine are:

Design and principle of operation

JET oscillating spindle machine

The oscillating machine is simple:

• engine;
• a pair of pulleys;
• spindle;
• eccentric.

The spindle contains a pair of pulleys of different sizes. If a gear drive is used, the diameters may be the same, but the number of teeth may be different. The first pulley is rigidly mounted on the shaft. The other one at the end is equipped with an eccentric and moves freely. The height of the motor pulley must match the range of vertical movement of the spindle. Since the pulleys move at different speeds, up and down motion is created. The difference between the sizes of the pulleys is small, because the larger it is, the higher the frequency of vertical movement.

The peculiarity of the oscillating machine is that the working device is located in a container with machine oil. Therefore, the mechanism does not wear out for a long time. The main parts of the device are usually made of cast iron, which adds heaviness and stability.

Making your own grinding machine

The process of creating a machine consists of creating its structural elements, and we will analyze each creation of each element in detail, breaking it down into sequential technological operations. We will attach a photo to each operation, and at the end of the article we will place a video of the entire process of creating a grinding machine with your own hands.

Base (Frame and spindle box) of the machine

As noted earlier, this machine is made on the basis of an already existing (previously created) drilling machine, therefore, in order not to duplicate information, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the technology and process in the corresponding article, everything is described in detail there. Thus, we consider that the frame and spindle box are already ready. Here is their appearance.

Sanding table

The sanding table has an inverted U-shaped design and is quite simple to manufacture. The following pieces need to be cut:

We make an oscillator for a plasma cutter with our own hands

A voltage of 20,000 volts DC is sufficient to ignite the plasma in the torch. Therefore, a spark oscillator is suitable. In order not to create a complex step-up transformer, it is easier to use a banal voltage multiplier. The current doesn't matter. The circuit is compact, and is literally made from junk parts from the USSR era.

Oscillator for plasma cutter - video recommendations.

To prevent the winding turns from vibrating under load, the transformer is impregnated with epoxy resin.

The storage capacitor is a capricious part of the circuit. After going through several options, the Conder from a starter for fluorescent lamps showed itself to be the best.

Do-it-yourself wood grinding machine drawings video

Nowadays, there are no surfaces that are not smooth. Smoothness is achieved through various grinding devices. Professional equipment costs a lot of money and not everyone can buy it; moreover, such machines have a fairly high weight and dimensions.

Fortunately, the skillful hands of our country have adapted to producing analogues of equipment for such a modest budget. The grinding machine also did not stand aside and was subjected to modernization of manual skills. It is with this homemade machine that we will continue to get acquainted.

General concepts and scope

There is a huge amount of sanding equipment that can make any wood surface very smooth. It consists of a frame on which there is a special frame with an electric motor (washing machine motors are used for homemade products) and a mechanism. The mechanism itself, in turn, includes shafts, pulleys and an abrasive belt.

Application area

They are used in all industries where wood is processed. Often, any rough products have an uneven and rough surface. Such blanks cannot simply be painted and put up for sale or installed anywhere. Therefore, for further processing of wood, all its surfaces can be sanded.

Grinding machines are also used for processing sagging and chamfering, and rounding corners. In addition, the grinding tool gives any surface a smooth leveling and calibration.

Types of wood sanding machine

Depending on the surface being processed, the following types of grinding machines are distinguished:

Belt sanding tool

Belt Sanding Machine

This equipment uses an abrasive belt that is tensioned by two shafts. These shafts are driven by an asynchronous electric motor. During wood processing, the abrasive belt does not sag, but rests against the working plane, which has a low coefficient of friction. The tape can be positioned both horizontally and vertically. The advantage of this equipment is the processing of long workpieces.

Universal grinding unit

Universal grinding machine

In this case, the machine has two working grinding surfaces. One is a tape surface, and the other is circular (disc). This universal machine was created for ease of use. By the way, this configuration will significantly save your budget. This device uses only one motor. Based on this, when working on two working surfaces, the load on the motor will not increase much.

Drum grinding tool

Drum Sanding Machine

In this case, the abrasive belt is wound on two rollers in a spiral manner. Under the rollers there is a tabletop with a smooth surface. The gap between the tabletop and the rollers is adjustable to the required distance. Using such a machine, you can calibrate the surface of a wood piece.

Disc grinding tool

Disc grinding machine

The working area of ​​this equipment is an abrasive wheel. A circle with Velcro is attached to the axis of the electric motor, onto which the abrasive is attached. After starting the motor, the abrasive wheel rotates around its axis, thereby carrying out grinding. This type of machine has the ability to regulate the processing speed, and the number of axis revolutions will not decrease.

Each of the four types of machines can perform certain operations. Now that we have an idea of ​​what grinding equipment looks like, it's time to disassemble the design of the machine.

In addition to the above machines, there are also portable grinding machines . And that’s not all, in order not to spend money on machines, people came up with grinders from a drill , from an angle grinder . The fact is that attachments are attached to these tools and the same grinding is carried out.

Design of belt units

To have an idea about the manufacture of a sanding unit with an sanding belt, you need to familiarize yourself with its design, which includes:

• an abrasive belt stretched horizontally or vertically on the frame;
• a pair of drums (drive and tension cylinders). In this case, the kinematics provide for the launch of the driving element using an electric drive that transmits torque by means of a belt drive;
• a metal or wooden table, and the first option makes it possible to work with more complex parts;
• an electric motor with a power of at least 2.8 kW, due to which the sanding belt (emery) can move at a speed of 20 m/second;
• a hood that removes wood dust.

There is a close relationship between the length of the working tool and the bed, as well as similar parameters of the workpieces that are to be processed on this unit. Every experienced craftsman will confirm that working with equipment is more comfortable if the wooden element being processed is shorter in length than the working surface. A properly assembled homemade belt sanding machine will allow you to easily level the surface and remove all errors, making it even and smooth. Also, belt units will quickly and efficiently remove old paint and varnish coatings, cope with the processing of edges and ends, sand curved shapes and polish a flat wooden piece of furniture.