How to use a screwdriver: care and preparation of the tool

A screwdriver is considered one of the most popular tools used not only by builders, but also by home craftsmen. When working with hand-held power tools, it is important not only to follow safety recommendations, but also to learn how to insert and remove drills yourself. Below you can find a step-by-step process for installing drill bits and effective methods for magnetizing/hardening bits.

Care and storage

• regularly disassemble and clean the internal elements of the screwdriver from carbon deposits, dust and dirt;
• If unstable operation occurs, carry out diagnostics. Check the wear of the brushes so that you do not have to change the motor armature;
• Do not leave the instrument in areas with high humidity or under the sun. The same goes for the battery;
• Do not keep the battery near keys, coins or other short metal objects. In case of accidental contact with the poles, the battery will short circuit. As a result, a fire may occur;
• At the end of the working day, take a clean rag and wipe the instrument. The cloth can be slightly moistened with water without using detergents;
• The screwdriver should be stored in a dry environment with positive temperatures. Use a case or other packaging to prevent the instrument from becoming covered in dust.

Operate a screwdriver, observing safety precautions and the rules described in the instructions.
Choose the right equipment. And then the tool will serve you for a long time. How to insert a drill

into
a drill
and hammer drill

• 1 Varieties
• 5 How to insert a drill
• 3 What to do if the drill gets stuck
• 4 Videos

There are often problems that arise when working with a rotary hammer or another drill. Basically, the problem may lie in the inability to work correctly with drills. First, let's look at some differences between the cartridges and the drills.

Features of drilling concrete, metal, brick with a screwdriver

Electric screwdrivers are used to drill wood, metal, concrete and other materials. At the same time, the functionality of the model used depends on its technical indicators: power, magnitude, torque, presence of shock operating mode, rotation speed. The operating instructions contain precise instructions on whether a particular material can be drilled with a screwdriver. It also provides the maximum diameter of the holes to be created, and in some cases, restrictions on depth.

Only a sufficiently powerful drill/driver can drill through a brick or concrete wall. In most cases, such devices can operate in shock mode. But drilling into a concrete wall with a screwdriver, even an impact type, is quite problematic. This tool is suitable for one-time operations only. This labor-intensive work is best done with a hammer drill.

In soft wood, even battery products from the household category are capable of creating holes with a cross-section of up to 20 mm. Using budget models from the rating of the best electric screwdrivers of 2017, various metals, including steel, are drilled. In this case, the diameter of the holes can reach 10 mm.

To drill each material, a specific type of drill is used. The nozzles differ not only in the material from which they are made, but also in their design and sharpening.

When working with a tool, the rotating drill must enter the surface of the material perpendicular to it - this allows you to evenly distribute the load on the equipment and create more accurate holes.

When drilling metal, it is recommended to first make a small depression in the center of the future hole using a core. This will prevent the drill bit from slipping on a smooth metal surface. If you need to make a hole with a sufficiently large diameter, you should first drill a smaller one. Also, when working with metal, it is recommended to regularly lubricate the nozzle with a special compound.

When using a drill-driver, you should keep in mind that you cannot apply strong pressure to it, because this will not only not speed up the work, but can also damage the drill, as well as the power tool itself. The effort must be constantly maintained at the same level. To avoid jamming or breaking the nozzle, you need to remove it from the drilled hole only when rotating. If the drill still gets stuck, you can get it out by reversing it.

It is recommended to drill small parts by first securing them in a vice. If you have to make a through hole in a thin sheet of metal or in a thin piece of wood, then you need to fit even pieces of plywood or boards under them.

Device and purpose

A screwdriver is used for various construction and repair work, but its main function is to quickly screw in and tighten fasteners: self-tapping screws, screws, bolts, screws.

It helps to cope with a large volume of tasks in significantly less time than using a screwdriver.

Budget screwdrivers of low and medium power are used in the assembly, installation and dismantling of furniture, equipment, construction of frame structures (partitions, walls, suspended ceilings) and other objects. A powerful tool with an impact mechanism copes with drilling holes.

In addition to the standard operations listed in the instructions for the screwdriver, it can also be used for other tasks. Use a mixer attachment to mix thin solutions. Using a special adapter, the device is connected to an ice auger to quickly make holes.

The body of most screwdrivers is made of plastic, which reduces the overall weight of the tool. Inside the case are located:

1. engine. Depending on the type of device, it can be electric or pneumatic. The former operate from a network or battery, the latter from a compressed air tank or compressor.
2. Gearbox. A gear mechanism that transmits rotational motion from the motor to the spindle.
3. Clutch-regulator. Connected to the gearbox, it is used to adjust the screwing depth and torque.
4. Start capacitor. He starts the engine.
5. Chuck. Bits, drills, and socket heads are inserted into it. The most common are quick-clamping three- or four-jaw ones.
6. Power source (battery) and/or power cord.

The body houses a control panel with a power button and a speed switch. To operate in unscrewing mode, reverse is used. Additionally, the screwdriver can have a backlight and a fuse.

For newbies

So, let's start with the simplest case - with inexperienced users. Screwdrivers have something called a torque regulator. It looks like a scale around the front of the screwdriver, which is right behind the chuck. There are numbers on it from 1 to 10, 15, 20 or even more - different for different models - and the last position on it is indicated in the form of a drill. If you rotate this regulator and set it opposite the special mark so that one of the numbers is next to it, then when a certain torque is reached, the cartridge will no longer rotate, but will begin to click. If you put it on a “drill”, then the screwdriver will try to twist with all its might, as much as the engine power allows it.

However, it is worth noting that with two-speed screwdrivers, at the second speed, even in the “drill” position, if the torque reaches a certain value, then a protective system is triggered, which simply turns off the current supply. At the very first speed, the screwdriver will also try to turn “to the last.”

And a beginner can start drilling or screwing screws, for example, when the torque regulator is set to one of the numbers, or the screwdriver is set to the second speed (and it is recommended to drill at it).

The drill can be clamped quite tightly, and as a result, when you start to release the drill or bit in the standard way (by turning on the reverse, holding the chuck and pressing the start button), either the torque limiter or the protective system may work.

Therefore, in such a situation, you just need to set the screwdriver to first speed and set the torque regulator to the “drill” position. On single-speed models, you only need to set the torque regulator to the “drill” position. Well, then again we unscrew it in the standard way.

How to replace the chuck in a drill with your own hands?

To attach the chuck to the drive shaft of the drill, a threaded connection or Morse taper is used. A visual inspection of an electric drill will not always help indicate how to secure the drill chuck. This can be indicated by the marking on the cartridge: it is stamped on its surface.

Replacing the conical type of part

The standard size of the Morse cone (according to GOST 9953–82) consists of 9 values: from B7 to B45. The larger the number after the letter B, the larger the diameter of the cone.

The marking on the cartridge indicates the type of fastening

Thus, having found the marking “B” on the surface of the cartridge, we can conclude that this is a device with a conical mounting base. With this method of attachment, the cartridge can be easily removed. It is enough to use a drift and a plumber's hammer.

Video: how to remove a chuck with a cone from an electric drill?

Replacing the reversible threaded chuck

To secure the drill clamp to an electric household drill using a threaded joint, two types of threads are used:

• inch (for foreign models);
• metric (from Russian manufacturers).

On an electric household drill, two types of threads are used using a threaded joint.
The following type of marking is applied to the surface of the body of the threaded clamping chuck: 1.5–13 1/2 – 20UNF or 1.5–13 M12x1.25.

The reversible threaded cartridge for fixation has a screw with a left-hand thread. You need to know this nuance when removing a broken cartridge. In order to get to the screw head, it is necessary to recess the cams into the collet completely. As soon as the head of the screw is visible, use a hardened Phillips screwdriver to unscrew it to the right clockwise. Then hold the hex key in your fists and hit it sharply in a counterclockwise direction. After the cartridge is torn from its place, it can be easily unscrewed.

Video: how to remove a chuck from a reverse drill or screwdriver?

On other models there are other options for mounting the cartridge on the thread. In some cases, the cartridge is twisted entirely from the threaded end of the shaft. In other cases, the screw can be fixed with a special thin key using a narrow groove. The main difficulty is to move the cartridge from its place when unscrewing.

Sometimes this is very difficult to do. In any case, to remove the cartridge you need: a mechanic's tool, the necessary skill and patience.

Fastening device – non-combat cartridge

The chuck is the fastener in which the drill is fixed. The fastener itself is screwed onto the tool spindle. Most often, drills are equipped with a jaw chuck. This design is a hollow cylinder with metal “fingers” inside. When you turn the adjusting ring, which is located outside the assembly, the “fingers” converge or diverge along the inner cone-shaped surface. In such a “fist” you can clamp both a drill with a cylindrical shank and a hexagonal one.

Convenience and ease of use have made the cam mechanism popular. However, it is not without its drawbacks. One of them is the difficulty of working with small drills. A short product may simply fall inside. You can still secure it by placing the drill in a horizontal position, but you can’t put too much pressure on it while working. If another drill was inserted into the drill, you can remove it by turning the adjusting ring in the appropriate direction. It is not always possible to do this manually; for this purpose there is a special key that acts like a lever, increasing the force. By the way, it is also not recommended to tighten the drill without a key - the larger the diameter of the drill, the more reliable the fastening should be.

When purchasing fasteners, make sure that they are rubberized - this way you will be less likely to injure your hands when securing the tool.

The quick-release fastener, the second most popular, can be operated without a key. Simply insert the drill and turn the lever; this can often be done with one hand. The drill fixation that this type of chuck provides is quite sufficient for most jobs, however, compared to the classic fastening option, it is inferior in reliability and is more expensive. The main advantage of a quick-release fastener is the speed of drill replacement and the safety of the process, since such a chuck is devoid of teeth that can injure your hands. The absence of a specialized key is also a significant advantage! Experienced builders know how easily it gets lost, so very often you can see a key taped to a wire with tape or tape.

True, this does not add convenience, but there is at least some confidence that you won’t have to look for the key throughout the construction site. How to change the drill bit in a screwdriver? The scheme is absolutely identical - the chucks of most drills are similar to the fasteners on screwdrivers. Of course, the latter tool cannot be a full-fledged replacement for a high-quality drill, if only because the fasteners are not provided for drills with a large diameter, and the speed of a screwdriver is usually lower.

Makita. Cordless screwdriver 6281DWPE

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It is much easier not to quickly pull out or install drills using a quick-release chuck. In a personal computer, the sleeve is activated by turning it manually. To limit the clamping force of the jaws, they are often equipped with locking elements.

Before installing the drill, first make sure that the drill is in good condition and do not disconnect it. Only then can you begin installing the drill without any problems.

Types of keyless chucks

Types of instruments: characteristic features

Screwdrivers can be classified into the following types:

1. Drill/driver
2. Impact wrench
3. Cordless screwdriver
4. Standard screwdriver

The operating principle of the tools is similar to each other, but there are still differences in functionality.

A drill-driver can not only tighten a screw, but also drill a hole. The impact wrench specializes in bolts and nuts. The third representative is a cordless screwdriver, designed exclusively for screwing/unscrewing fastening elements with a cross-shaped head. The latter type is characterized by low power, unlike the above.

How to replace the chuck - updating the drill

Most often, the cartridge is the first to become unusable in a drill. Dismantling it at home is not easy, but it is possible! The fastener is screwed onto the spindle itself, but in addition it is also secured with a bolt with a left-hand thread. In order to get it, you need to completely open the cartridge - it is inside. The whole difficulty of unscrewing it lies in the fact that many do not know about the left-hand thread, and when trying to unscrew it, they twist it even more, tear off the cap and eventually take it to the service center.

By unscrewing the bolt, you can also unscrew the cartridge itself, although this is not so easy to do. Some models have recesses at the base of the thread for a wrench - in this case, you can fix the spindle and unscrew the fasteners using a lot of force. The real difficulty comes when there are no wrench cuts. You will have to remove the housing cover to secure the spindle inside the drill. Difficult, but doable.

Removing a cartridge is one thing. Finding a new one is a completely different matter. In addition to the methods for clamping the drill, which are described above, different chucks also have different threads! The surest way not to confuse anything is to take an old cartridge with you and demonstrate it to the seller, or choose the right one based on the layout. When you have completed this task, all that remains for you is to screw the chuck onto the spindle and screw in the bolt, which in our case is screwed counterclockwise.

An indispensable power tool with a self-explanatory name, the screwdriver is actively used in construction work. The most common procedure with such a device is replacing the drill. Sometimes it seems that this process is very complicated and almost impossible.

However, in reality, replacing a drill in a screwdriver will not be difficult, the main thing is to follow the instructions step by step and pay attention to the details

Changing attachments

Changing the attachment on a screwdriver is not difficult. The tool can be equipped with a quick-release chuck or a key-type chuck. Replace the equipment in both cases in a similar way. To remove a drill from a screwdriver with a keyless chuck and insert a new one or another type of equipment, proceed as follows:

• first, select a bit according to the size of the head and the type of slot on it (cross, straight or other) or a drill of the required diameter corresponding to the material in which the hole is to be created;
• spin the cartridge counterclockwise;
• in the center, between the spread cams, install the selected type of equipment;
• Rotating the cartridge case in the direction of the clock hand, clamp the nozzle.

You can remove the drill bit from the screwdriver (or another attachment) by holding the moving part of the chuck with one hand and pressing the start button with the other. Just first switch the direction of rotation to unwinding.

When a drill-driver is equipped with a key chuck, then to change the equipment do this:

• inserting the key into the recess for it, unscrew the cartridge;
• I install the nozzle;
• clamp it by turning the key clockwise.

There are models in which you can remove one type of cartridge, for example, a quick-detachable one, and replace it with a turnkey analogue . When choosing any option, you need to focus not only on ease of use, but you should also consider the pros and cons of each of them. Thus, the key chuck securely clamps the equipment, which is important when drilling, and the quick-release chuck allows you to quickly replace it, even with one hand (the other holds the handle, pressing the start button as necessary).

How to change a drill bit in a drill - we can do it ourselves!

It is not always possible to remove a drill from the chuck in the usual way - as a result of heavy load or improper fixation, it can jam the chuck. How to get a drill out of a drill without damaging the fastener and the tool itself? First of all, try to cool the cartridge thoroughly. Sometimes this is enough for the cams to release the drill a little and you can pull it out.

Why does a drill bit fall out of a screwdriver?

The drill falls out of the tool if the chuck is not fully tightened, the bit is not fully clamped, or it is done weakly. When working under load, the tightening becomes weaker. Sometimes it happens that the bat falls out of the chuck. The reason may be that the bit is not properly clamped in a screwdriver with a key toothed chuck. There are holes in it, the key is inserted into all holes one by one, and the bit is tightened evenly. Otherwise, the cartridge will unwind. If it cannot be tightened well, it must be lubricated with a special liquid VD-40-k .

The drill may fall out due to dirt and dust getting on the jaws of the chuck, as well as as a result of their natural wear. Then it is removed and replaced.

Instrument care rules

The screwdriver requires minimal maintenance. In order for the tool to work properly, you must adhere to the recommendations specified by the manufacturer, do not use it for tasks that are not specified in the technical data sheet, and do not overload it too often. Periodically, the inside of the chuck and rotating parts must be lubricated with machine oil.

The instrument should be stored in a dry place, away from sources of heat, dampness and sunlight. After each use, wipe the housing with a clean, dry cloth to remove construction dust. If drops of mortar get on the screwdriver, you can clean it with a well-wrung out soapy cloth.

If you follow the operating rules and do not use the tool for tasks exceeding its capabilities, you can significantly simplify repair and construction work. In order for a screwdriver to work for a long time and not break down at the wrong time, you need to take care of it promptly, monitor the condition of the parts and recharge it before use.

Video: How to Insert a Drill Bit into a Bosch Drill

Pulling out and installing drill bits is much easier and faster when using a quick release chuck. In it, the sleeve is rotated manually. To limit cam force, they are often equipped with locking elements.

Before inserting the planter, first make sure the planter is in working order and disconnect it from the power source. Only then can you start training.

Types of Eyeless Cartridges

Installation of working tools on a hammer drill

As stated above, the hammer should be checked before installing the drill bit. To perform such a test, the perforation mode is set for non-combat drilling. If you hear and feel that the motor runs smoothly and without shock when you press the start button on the device, this means that the hammer can be used for its intended purpose after drilling or drilling.

To attach a straight shank drill bit to a hammer drill, use a jaw adapter

Before inserting a drill into a hammer drill, the shank of the working tool must be treated with a special lubricant that will protect it from corrosion. The procedure for installing drill bits in a drill is as follows.

1. The hammer drill is installed on the back of the floor or other hard surface.
2. The moving part of the clamping device is retracted.
3. The tool is inserted into the punch until it stops. In this case, the drill bit or insertion bit should be held vertically. If you do not comply with this requirement, you may experience breakage or even breakage of the tool, which can also cause the drill bit to malfunction.

Press until it clicks, then pull the drill out if it doesn't work. Everything is fine

Due to the fact that the chucks on modern hammer drills have a fairly simple operating principle, questions about how to get a drill from a hammer drill, as a rule, do not arise.

After removing a used tool from a hammer drill to replace it with another, it is recommended to immediately clean the shank of grease and construction dust. The drill bit you are going to insert should also be cleaned and pre-lubricated. The tool replaced in this way will not damage the impact mechanism and will last much longer.

Lubrication extends the life of both drill bit and bit

With a hammer drill, you can not only get a drilled structural element, but also perform processing using a special chisel. You can also set the device's mixer as an operating element.

Home workers also often have questions about how to insert a drill into a screwdriver or how to replace the cartridge on an impact drill. The first question is easy to solve, since the design of the screwdriver uses chucks of the same design as for drills and rotary hammers. But the question of how to correctly replace a cartridge with a hammer drill must be approached with skill: carrying out such a procedure without certain knowledge and skills is not easy.

Some tips for using drilling tools

To avoid the risk of injury to your health from flying tools or concrete chips, drilling operations must be carried out with all precautions. To ensure this safety, you should use safety glasses, gloves, earplugs or earplugs

Naturally, all work must be carried out in special clothing, which should not contain hanging elements that could be wound around the drill.

To prevent the power tool used for drilling from overheating, it should be rested regularly.

It is very important to insert the drill correctly (this must be done until the tool stops)

Two ways to compress a thin cartridge if the jaws extend just short of the shank

If a drill bit gets stuck in the wall while drilling, it should be removed without removing the tool from its surface. To do this, remove the drill bit from the hammer drill and insert another one with which you want to start breaking the wall around the drilled hole in it.

If the drill bit cannot be removed from the drill or hammer drill, it should be clamped in a vice and then pressed down with a hammer using a wooden spacer to press the jaws of the clamping mechanism. This can be helped by oil, a few drops of which are poured into the key cartridge.

Non-traditional use cases

In addition to its direct purpose, an electric screwdriver is used to perform various non-traditional operations. These include the following types of work:

• polishing the car and its headlights;
• mixing small volumes of various building mixtures and paints;
• drilling holes in ice (for this purpose the tool is equipped with a special attachment - a drill);
• binding of reinforcement;
• thread cutting;
• mowing the grass (for this purpose, convert the device into a trimmer or lawn mower, or simply insert an attachment with blades into the cartridge);
• chopping soft grass or thin branches (for this, a garden shredder is created based on a drill-driver);
• surface grinding;
• cutting materials;
• twisting of wires.

Read also: Coefficient c for copper and aluminum

This is far from a complete list of non-traditional work performed using battery-powered or corded models of electric screwdrivers. Inventive thought does not stand still. Almost every specialist has options for work that is atypical for this power tool.

Using a screwdriver, you can return your car to its original color and shine. To polish a car, use the following types of attachments:

• leather or fabric circles, with their help they perform initial cleaning of surfaces;
• felt - they are used for initial processing and final polishing (nozzles made from sheepskin are suitable);
• foam rubber.

Polishing pastes and polishes are also used along with the equipment. They come in these types:

Using similar means, headlights are polished.

The quality of the achieved result is determined by the correct combination of attachments with polishing agents, as well as the accuracy and skill of performing the work.

Knitting reinforcing bars using steel wire is very common in the construction industry during the construction of reinforced concrete (monolithic) structures, for example, foundations and houses. Even if there is only a small amount of work to be done, working with a hand hook or pliers is quite unproductive. A cordless or corded electric screwdriver equipped with a hook attachment will help you knit reinforcement much faster. In this case, the power indicator of the tool is not particularly important.

Twisting the cut ends of wires, for example in junction boxes, is also a fairly routine job. You can speed up the process by using a screwdriver with a special attachment. How twisting is done is shown in the video below: