Features and principle of operation, types of turret lathe

Various equipment is involved in the metalworking process. Turret lathes represent a separate category. According to the principle of operation, they are in many ways similar to universal units.

But on turret machines it is possible to process a workpiece using several tools, and the turner does not need to change or reinstall them.

General technical specifications

Turret lathes are used in enterprises for mass production of parts. A distinctive feature of the machines of this group is the presence of a turret head for attaching several cutting tools. The equipment is beneficial to use when the technological process involves repeated tool changes.

You can install 4 or more tools at the same time; changing occurs by turning the turret. The tool is installed in the sequence required for work. Due to this, the processing cycle of one part is accelerated compared to a similar process on a universal lathe.

Links[edit]

1. Hartness 1910.
2. Editors (1924). American machinist. McGraw-Hill. paragraph 273.CS1 maint: additional text: list of authors (link)
3. ^ ab Crosher, William P. (2014). Chronology of broadcasts. Bloomington, IN: Xlibris. paragraph 144. ISBN 978-1499071146.
4. ^ a b Rolt 1965, p. 165. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRolt1965 (help)
5. ^ ab Editors (1901). "Part 5: Turning works". Reading working drawings. Arithmetic. Measuring instruments. Turning works
   . Coal Mining Engineering Company. pp. 3–11.CS1 maint: additional text: list of authors (link)
6. ^ a b Bawa, H. S. (2004). Production processes
   .
   1
   . New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. paragraph 57. ISBN 0-07-053525-6. OCLC 57660758.
7. ^ ab Smid, Peter (2003). The CNC Programming Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Practical CNC Programming (2nd ed.). New York: Industrial Press. pp. 11 -14. ISBN 0-8311-3158-6. OCLC 52364066.
8. Differences between spire and turret
9. HW Ward & Co., Ltd 1938.
10. ↑
    Rowe, 1937, pp. 34–36. harvnb error: no target: CITEREFRoe1937 (help)
11. Editors (1921). ASME Mechanical Catalog and Reference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. paragraph 456.CS1 maint: additional text: list of authors (link)
12. Hounshell 1984.
13. Parker, Dana T. Victory in Construction: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area During World War II,
    pp. 81, 123, Cypress, CA, 2013. ISBN 978-0-9897906-0-4.

Classification

Turret turning units are classified according to the following principle:

• In terms of the number of cutting tools - on average, the head has 6-12 slots, but on some modern models their number reaches several dozen.
• The direction of the turret is vertical, horizontal or at an angle.
• By type of control - manual, semi-automatic, CNC.
• According to the principle of operation - rod or for processing piece workpieces.
• By type of workpiece - light (parts made of rod), medium (processing of rod and piece workpieces), heavy (working only with piece workpieces in the chuck).
• Drive type: manual or hydraulic.

Purpose of the equipment

Universal turret machines are designed for processing rods up to 100 mm in diameter, as well as for manufacturing products from piece (cast, stamped, etc.) blanks with a diameter of up to 630 mm. What operations can be performed:

• Grinding of external cylindrical surfaces.
• Thread cutting with taps and dies.
• End processing.
• Reaming holes to obtain the desired parameters.
• Grooving.

Reference!
When cutting threads with a cutter, round, radial and tangential dies are used instead. They move in the longitudinal direction, the feed speed is equal to the thread pitch. Processing of complex shaped surfaces is possible. For this purpose, instead of a copy ruler, a curved template is installed. For some operations, shaped cutters are used, which are fed in the transverse direction.

Working on a turret lathe allows you to achieve high processing accuracy. You can also sharpen products that have been rough processed on other equipment.

Important!

It is advisable to use turret group machines in mass production for the manufacture of large batches of similar products.

Device

The design of the machines as a whole is similar to other groups of turning equipment. The basis is the frame on which the remaining components are located.

Gearbox

On turret machines, the gearbox is built into the spindle head. Depending on the model, it has a certain number of spindle speed and tool feed ranges.

Caliper

The unit carries a turret head for attaching a cutting tool. It is installed in the grooves of the head and secured using special holders. They, in turn, ensure rigidity and reliability of fixation of instruments. The support moves in the longitudinal and transverse directions using manual or automatic feed.

Also located on the caliper are a command device and a stop drum. The command device is responsible for turning on/off the specified speed and feed rate for each tool. The stop drum ensures that the support automatically stops when the tool travels a predetermined distance.

Some models are equipped with a turret and cross slide. The design of the latter allows you to install two tool holders simultaneously with six tools. This is convenient when processing complex parts.

Spindle assembly

This unit provides feeding and fixing of the rod workpiece. The main movement in the machine is the rotation of the spindle with the workpiece in the forward or reverse direction.

The diameter of the spindle hole on a particular unit determines the largest size of bar that can be worked with. Depending on the model, a rod with a maximum diameter of 10, 16, 18, 25, 40, 65, 100 mm can be installed in it.

The spindle rotation speed and feed are adjusted using a command device, or manually by installing the handles located on the spindle head into the desired positions.

Cutters for lathes

The quality of the resulting products directly depends on how wear-resistant the cutters are that you use for turning products. Reliable technological equipment will allow you to cope with even complex production tasks, making it a simple and convenient task.

We offer you sets of cutters, which, depending on the configuration, include the following types of tools:

1. Parting cutters. This technological equipment is necessary in order to separate the finished part from the workpiece, as well as to perform production operations such as grooving and cutting grooves;
2. Passing cutters. Used to perform processing of external cylindrical surfaces. The bent cutter allows for end processing with transverse feed;
3. Scoring cutters are necessary for turning the stepped profile of the workpiece and trimming the ends. Thanks to this technological equipment, you will be able to process external cylindrical surfaces;
4. Groove cutters. Used for cutting internal grooves;
5. Boring cutters for through and blind holes. Boring is performed in several stages to form a stepped surface at the end;
6. Thread cutters are needed to create a threaded connection.

When selecting this technological equipment, it is necessary to take into account many parameters:

It is important that the selection of material and geometric dimensions of the cutting part of the tool in question is optimal and exactly corresponds to the assigned production task; The holder was sufficiently vibration resistant; The cutting part of the tool must be wear-resistant. It is necessary to take into account the maximum operating time. You can buy cutters for lathes by contacting our manager

The considered technological equipment is made in accordance with GOST, which is confirmed by relevant certificates

You can buy cutters for lathes by contacting our manager. The technological equipment in question is made in accordance with GOST, which is confirmed by relevant certificates.

For detailed information, call the number listed on the website. An experienced manager will help you select high-quality turning equipment, as well as technological equipment for it.

ONLINE broadcast from the Metal Master demo room

Principle of operation

In mass production, the rod is mounted in a collet chuck using hydraulics. There is a built-in mechanism that ensures that the workpiece is fed to the required length. When working with piece workpieces, the turner secures them manually.

Typically, machines are equipped with a universal collet with replaceable jaws for clamping a circle and a polyhedron. The kit includes additional mandrels, bushings and other accessories.

Important!

On some models, it is possible to replace the collet with a three-jaw chuck.

Modifications of machines for chuck work are designed for processing cast, stamped and forged piece workpieces. They are equipped with three-jaw (or four-jaw) chucks.

All tools are mounted in the turret. Having completed the working stroke with one cutter (drill, reamer), it changes position and feeds a new tool. The length of the tool's working stroke is limited by special stops that shut off the feed.

Safety precautions

Metal processing on lathes is equated to work with increased danger. Workers are allowed into the process only after preliminary instruction. While working, the turner must follow the safety rules:

Firmly fix the workpiece.

1. Do not start work if any malfunctions are detected.
2. Perform only the work assigned by the master.
3. If the return end of the bar protrudes from the spindle, this area must be protected.
4. Do not allow the jaws to protrude beyond the outer diameter of the chuck or faceplate. In this case, it is necessary to use other equipment.
5. After securing the workpiece, remove the key.
6. Do not leave tools in the turret that are no longer in use.
7. Measure, remove and install the part after the mechanisms have completely stopped.
8. When sanding a product, remove the turret head manually.
9. Do not open the protective devices while the machine is operating.

Important!

It is permitted to work on a turret lathe strictly in closed, neat clothing.

Bibliography[edit]

• Hartness, James (1910), Manual of the Hartness Flat Turret Lathe, Springfield, Vermont: Jones and Lamson Machine Company, ISBN 9780282208783, accessed 26 February 2016.
• Hounshell, David A. (1984), From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States
  , Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, ISBN 978-0-8018-2975-8, LCCN 83016269. OCLC 1104810110
• H. W. Ward & Co., Ltd (1938), Operator's
  (4th ed.), Dale Road, Bournbrook, Birmingham, England: H. W. Ward & Co., Ltd.
• Rowe, Joseph Wickham (1937), James Hartness: A Representative of the Machine Age at His Best, New York, NY, USA: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, LCCN 37016470, OCLC 3456642. link from HathiTrust.

• Rolt, LTC (1965), A Short History of Machine Tools, Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, OCLC 250074. Co-edition published as Rolt, LTC (1965), Tools for the Job: a Short History of Machine Tools
  , London: BT Batsford, LCCN 65080822.

Modern CNC models

Conventional machines are being replaced from production by improved models with program control. They allow you to fully automate the workflow and provide high processing accuracy. There is also no need to take measurements after each pass.

The following equipment models are relevant in modern production.

1V340F30 - equipped with an Electronics NTs-31 CNC device and a turret for 8 tools. Allows you to process piece workpieces with a diameter of no more than 20 cm, as well as produce products from a rod with a diameter of up to 4 cm.

1P426DFZ - equipped with two turrets. The first allows the use of 8 cutting tools and is intended for processing external surfaces. The second head is designed for working with internal surfaces.

ST and DS are a series of American-made CNC turret machines. Universal units designed for processing workpieces of different types of steel.

It is advisable to use turret lathes in mass production for the manufacture of large batches of similar products. But their turret functionality is slightly limited compared to screw-cutting turning units.

Performing some operations (for example, thread cutting, turning shaped surfaces) requires the use of additional devices.

Lathe repair cost

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