Jackhammers: their types, advantages, principles of operation and features of proper maintenance

The development of industrial technologies makes it easier to carry out work processes at all stages. In construction it is almost impossible to do without such an important tool as a jackhammer. Its main purpose is to destroy hard and durable structures and materials. With its help, the site is prepared for subsequent construction activities. A jackhammer is used to work with materials such as rocks, asphalt, concrete and reinforced concrete, as well as brick and various types of stone. In the household, the tool is used extremely rarely, because even if the need arises, it can easily be replaced by a hammer drill with a jackhammer function. That is why in this material we will consider where, when and for what the tool is used, what types there are, and which option is optimal for solving a specific type of problem.

What is a jackhammer: in what cases is it impossible to do without it?

A jackhammer is a specialized type of construction tool designed for breaking and loosening hard and durable materials. The device is not only large in size, but also heavy, which is why it is used exclusively for performing complex work. For example, it would not be rational to use it when it is necessary to remove the plaster layer in a house or remove ceramic tiles, since these types of tasks are considered to be an easy type of work, and a classic hammer drill can cope with them. It’s another matter when you need to destroy an old cinder block building, crush a concrete slab or destroy a concrete screed. In this case, you can do without heavy equipment, but you will not only have to put in a lot of effort, but also spend a lot of time.

It is impossible to do without the use of jackhammers in a number of the following cases:

1. When dismantling of building structures is carried out: both complete and partial. A hammer drill is quite capable of crushing bricks, but crushing a concrete wall is a task for a jackhammer. In everyday life, there is a need to use a jackhammer when it is necessary to remove an unusable reinforced concrete slab or large boulder. This can be done with the help of special equipment, the calling of which will be very expensive. Using a chipper, you can crush a slab or boulder into small pieces, which ultimately makes it easier to subsequently dispose of the remaining parts.

2. Removal of road surfaces from asphalt, concrete and reinforced concrete. Jackhammers are especially popular among workers who repair road surfaces. In the household, such a tool may be needed if it is necessary to destroy the concrete coating in the yard, which is planned to be replaced with paving slabs.

3. Emergency rescue work.
4. Tamping and compacting soil - in addition to destructive work, the tool is also used when preparing the floor for screed (compacting bulk materials), when installing reinforced concrete pillars and when preparing the area for pouring the foundation. The device is an alternative replacement for vibratory rammers.

5. Knocking out window and door openings.
6. Excavation of soil for subsequent pouring of the foundation.

7. Loosening compacted or frozen soil and bulk building materials.
8. Mining.
9. Chasing walls for laying communications.
10. Chiseling frozen ice.

Based on the presented work, the implementation of which is possible thanks to a jackhammer, you can draw an appropriate conclusion for yourself about the necessity and rationality of using the tool. Due to the fact that the devices have a wide range of applications, and are used not only at a professional level, they are available in two main versions. The first type is professional, characterized by such properties as:

• high performance and power, thanks to which the tool can be used to perform complex and heavy work;
• long service life, which is associated with high quality manufacturing of components;
• high cost, indicating not only the high-quality performance of the instrument, but also its great capabilities.

The second type of jackhammers are household ones, the purpose of which is to perform a certain range of work. For example, if there is a need to use a jackhammer around the house, you can either rent a professional tool or purchase a device and use it when the need arises. The cost of household tools is much lower than professional ones, which actually makes them more popular and in demand, especially among home craftsmen.

This is interesting! It is important to note that household appliances are distinguished not only by the average quality of their components, but also by their low weight. It is precisely due to the reduced weight of the tool that it cannot be used for all types of the above work.

Manufacturers

Well, we’ve sorted out the main criteria, there remains the last, no less important one. Everyone knows that it depends on the manufacturer how well and how long the equipment will work. This applies even to an ordinary hammer, let alone a jackhammer, the operation of which involves high loads.

This equipment is definitely not worth saving on. No matter how strong the desire to save your budget, remember that this can backfire - either the tool will not last long, or its operation will not be very safe for the operator. Therefore, it is better to look at those manufacturers who have long proven themselves in the market. As an example, we list several models that are popular among professionals:

• Interskol M-25. Belongs to the heavy category and has a high level of performance. Impact force 25 Joules, frequency - 1400 per minute. The equipment does not have a striker; crushing is carried out with a barrel with a blind end,
• Makita HR 4000. Motor power is 1050 W. The peculiarity of the equipment is that it is equipped with an electro-pneumatic impact mechanism. This allows the destruction of concrete structures in an accelerated manner. Working with this tool is quite comfortable, the process is highly efficient,
• Makita NM 1100 C. Belongs to the light category, but has high power. The electric motor in this model is placed vertically. The cutter can be installed in 16 different positions. There is an additional handle, as well as systems for adjusting the number and strength of blows. Carbon brushes are self-switching. In general, quite a worthy representative of its class,
• Bosch GSH 11 E. There are rarely any questions about Bosch products - they are always at their best. This particular model has a shock frequency of 1800, and operates at maximum load. This does not require much effort from the operator. The low level of vibration in any mode is also pleasant. Additional convenience is provided by the service display, which allows you to easily monitor the status of the equipment,
• Interskol M-18/1500EV. Very powerful hammer (1500 W and 1900 blows per minute). It is used for fairly large-scale work, but at the same time pleases with not too much weight, thanks to which operation can be carried out both in a vertical and horizontal position,
• Hitachi H65SB2. Impact force 42 Joules, power 1350 W, 1400 beats per minute. The anti-vibration handle allows the operator to operate this high-performance tool without any problems,
• Metabo MHE 56. Also high performance and quite comfortable to use. The device is equipped with vibration damping and shock force adjustment systems. The ergonomics are excellent: the main handle is covered with rubberized material, and there is also an additional one. A separate advantage is the 6 meter long cable. This allows you to not be too dependent on the location of the power source.

Any of these models is an excellent representative of its segment. Of course, the same companies have a wide variety of other jackhammers. Considering that all these manufacturers are deservedly popular, you can easily choose the best option for yourself among their products. Good luck!

Types of jackhammers by type of drive used

A jackhammer is such a popular type of tool that it is produced in various versions depending on the type of drive devices used. There are the following main types:

1. Electric jackhammer - This is the most popular type of tool, which is almost indispensable on construction sites. An important limitation to its use is the high humidity of the room, which increases the likelihood of receiving an electric shock. The only important drawback of electric fenders is their connection to the electrical network.

2. Gasoline jackhammer has found its active use among workers who carry out work to prepare the surface for laying road surfaces. The important advantages of such units are: mobility, that is, lack of connection to the electrical network, as well as increased drive power, which allows you to perform a wide range of heavy work: from crushing concrete structures to compacting soil.
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3. Hydraulic - a professional type of tool, the operating principle of which is based on the use of oil pressure. The devices are compact, which is due to the absence of drive units in their design, but at the same time they are tied to special hydraulic stations. If the cost of a hydraulic breaker is lower than the price of electric and gasoline ones, then the purchase of specialized stations is problematic even for construction organizations and companies. These types of fenders are used in rooms with high humidity, where there is a strict ban on the use of electrical devices.

4. Pneumatic breaker - another most common version of tools, which has found active use not only among builders, but also road workers, miners, etc. The hammers are compact and easy to operate. Impact actions are created using a special compressor, to which the bump stop is connected via a high-pressure hose. The disadvantage is the attachment to the compressor, but the products are characterized by such advantages as low cost, high efficiency, long service life and low maintenance costs.

These are the main types of jackhammers that are produced by tool manufacturers. Among all the listed types, electric and pneumatic models are especially popular. Gasoline units are more expensive, so they are less in demand than previous types. Hydraulically driven tools are used only in specialized facilities.

How the tool works

The main feature of the bumper is that during the working process it produces a blow of great force . For this type of tool, an important characteristic is the impact energy. When calculating it, the number of blows worn per minute of working time is taken into account, as well as the energy generated over the same time period.

Modern fenders have a fairly simple design. The firing pin located inside the body makes oscillatory movements thanks to the existing drive. The mechanical impulses arising during its operation are transmitted to the working part of the tool - the peak, which makes rapid reciprocating movements, due to which the destruction of the material is ensured.

When working with a tool, a rather rough energy is generated, due to which the master has to feel strong vibration and noise. To reduce the manifestation of these impacts, you need to start working with the bumper after first taking the necessary protective measures.

The electric version of the bump stop works a little differently. Here, too, the design has a striker driven by a rotor, which is forced to rotate by an electric motor. The mechanical movements performed by the striker are transmitted to the pike. Although this tool is one of the most popular not only among professional builders, but also among home craftsmen, it has a number of significant disadvantages . During operation, the electric motor may produce a spark, so operating an electric breaker in areas with increased fire safety is prohibited. Another disadvantage is the need for a power source.

What is the difference between a jackhammer and a hammer drill?

Quite rightly, many may have noticed the similarity of an electric jackhammer with such a popular construction tool as a hammer drill. Many novice craftsmen still confuse chippers with barrel perforators, which have an almost identical design. To learn how to distinguish a rotary hammer from a jackhammer, you need to know the following:

1. A rotary hammer, unlike a jackhammer, is considered a universal tool that can replace an impact hammer and a drill. For this purpose, the devices are equipped with a special mode switch. The design of almost every rotary hammer has three modes: drilling, chiselling and impact drilling. The jackhammer is intended for chiselling purposes only and does not have any drilling capabilities.

2. A distinctive feature of a jackhammer from a rotary hammer is its performance. If the hammer can be operated for 8-10 hours a day, then the hammer drill in impact mode is not recommended to be used for more than 15-25%. Often many craftsmen neglect this feature, which leads to a significant reduction in the service life of the hammer drill. It is important to take this into account when choosing between a hammer drill and a jackhammer.
3. The dimensions of an electric jackhammer are much larger, so in everyday life such tools, unlike rotary hammers, are used less frequently.
4. The magnitude of the impact force is less for rotary hammers than for jackhammers. For rotary hammers, the impact force does not exceed 20 J, which is typical for barrel-type tools. The jackhammer has an extended range of impact power, the value of which is above 40 J.

Many people choose hammer drills, justifying this by the fact that such a tool is universal and can replace not only a jackhammer, but also a drill. However, the choice should be made not according to the capabilities of the tool, but according to the type and type of work planned for execution (since the service life of the tool depends on this).

This is interesting! When choosing the right tool, experts recommend taking into account such factors as how often you plan to use the tool in shock mode, and what types of materials you plan to work with.

Useful tips

In construction and renovation, you often have to use a wide variety of tools. To perform particularly labor-intensive operations, it is important that the tool can cope with the loads and effectively perform the tasks assigned to it. One of the devices often used by professional construction workers is an electric jackhammer.

Using this device, you can quickly destroy various types of materials during the ongoing construction or repair phase. However, not every model of electric bumper can cope with the task at hand. Therefore, an electric breaker must be selected not only taking into account the thickness of the surface that needs to be destroyed, but also the properties of the material from which it is made.

No less attention should be paid to the selection of peaks that will be used to perform work operations. Since this is the main working part of the tool that performs the work of destruction, its selection must be approached as carefully as the chipper itself.

Electric jackhammer: design features and operating principle

Having learned how an electric jackhammer differs from a rotary hammer, you need to get acquainted with its structure in more detail. Electrical devices are based on powerful electric motors, due to which shock actions are created. However, the electric motor creates only rotational movements, and to convert such energy into impact, a gearbox and a mechanism called a striker are additionally used. Below is a diagram of the internal structure of an electric jackhammer.

Looking at a cross-section of an electric jackhammer, it is not difficult to understand the principle of its operation. The engine drives a shaft to which a connecting rod mechanism is attached, which is connected to the piston. The piston moves inside a sealed chamber. The driven piston (movement frequency is 33 strokes per second) creates high air pressure in the chamber, which acts on the cylindrical firing pin.

The striker acts on the striker, transferring impact energy to the nozzle, which is fixed in the tool chuck. The principle of operation of an electric jackhammer is quite simple, but when studying it, only one question arises - why do we need a sealed chamber in which air pressure is created? Thanks to the air pressure, the possibility of a negative impact on the crank mechanism, gearbox and engine of the tool is eliminated. The air pressure in the chamber acts not only as an impact force, but also as a smoothing element that absorbs the impact when the nozzle moves back.

This is a kind of buffer zone that not only performs the main work, but also protects the important structural mechanisms of the tool from their accelerated destruction. The video below provides a detailed description of the operating principle of an electric jackhammer.

Rating of the TOP 15 best jackhammers of 2021

Pneumatic jackhammers and features of their functioning

Such devices are distinguished by their simplicity of design, which affects not only their cost, but also their service life. The only drawback of pneumatic devices is that they are used in conjunction with compressors that operate on electricity. This means that you cannot use a pneumatic bumper where there is no centralized power supply, or only if there is an electric generator, but in this case, it is easier to purchase an electric tool. The operating principle of pneumatic jackhammers is even simpler than their electric and gasoline counterparts. To understand how it works, consider the diagram in the figure below.

The diagram shows important structural elements. The drive role is played by compressed air supplied from the compressor through a hose that is connected to the fitting. The operating principle of the tool is as follows:

1. When the compressor starts, the tool operates in idle mode, that is, the working element number 5 does not perform impact actions.
2. The transition to the working mode occurs after the operator picks up the tool and presses its working element (nozzle) into the material that needs to be crushed.
3. This happens as follows: in idle mode, valve 9 in the diagram is pushed upward by air and does not allow it to pass to the working mechanism.
4. When the master presses the handle, the valve closes and compressed air flows to the working mechanism.
5. Initially, chamber 6 is filled with air, in which the piston with the striker is located. A zone of high pressure is created in it.
6. A zone of low pressure is created under the piston, that is, air rarefaction occurs.

7. The piston with the striker is directed downward (from excess pressure), acting on the back side of the nozzle installed in the tool chuck.
8. The impact from the nozzle is transmitted to the object being processed, causing its destruction.
9. The reverse movement of the nozzle occurs due to a change in the air supply channel. This is realized constructively using a special mechanism. There are 4 holes in the tool barrel, two of which are blind and two are through. The pins of the air distribution mechanism are installed in the blind holes, due to which air is alternately supplied to the corresponding channels of the tool.

10. The pressure increases under the piston, and a vacuum occurs above it. Thus, an impact effect is created, in which the destructive effect of the processed material occurs.

The speed of the blows is approximately 25 to 30 blows per second, which corresponds to the value of electric tools. How a pneumatic jackhammer works inside can be seen in the video, which shows the process of disassembling the tool.

These types of tools have many different benefits. Some of the main advantages are:

• simplicity of design;
• high level of maintainability;
• infrequent occurrence of malfunctions;
• the absence of a drive reduces the weight of the tool;
• low cost;
• Possibility of use in rooms with high humidity and gas concentrations.

The disadvantage is not only the dependence on a compressor that is powered by electricity, but also the importance of using a blower with a large receiver. This is necessary in order to ensure a stable air supply.

This is interesting! If the farm has a high-performance compressor, then the best option for a jackhammer is a pneumatic one.

What does the breaker mechanism look like and work?

The impact force here is generated by a special mechanism located under the housing cover. It is this that creates the necessary shock waves, which pass to the chipper cutter and further to the material, destroying it. It all works like an earthquake. The bump stop is quite heavy, noisy and vibrates a lot during the process. True, manufacturers try to minimize the effect of vibration, but still, with frequent and intensive use of the hammer, it negatively affects human health.

Concrete breakers are also suitable for home use, but more often you will see them at large-scale construction sites or road works. If there is a need to purchase such a tool, you need to know how to choose a jackhammer: take an electric or pneumatic one, is the design important, what other performance characteristics should be taken into account? A wise choice will eliminate inconvenience during the work process and make the builder’s life much easier.

Gasoline jackhammers and their varieties

The principle of operation of jackhammers, which are powered by internal combustion engines, is almost completely identical to electrical devices. Instead of an electric motor, an internal combustion engine is used to drive the piston. With its help, the air pressure acting on the firing pin increases in the chamber. The firing pin, in turn, hits the heel of the firing pin, transmitting a shock wave to the nozzle fixed in the tool chuck.

Gasoline jackhammers are classified into types according to the type of engine used. They come in two-stroke and four-stroke types. Jackhammers with two-stroke engines have such advantages as compact dimensions and low cost.

Design of a gasoline jackhammer

Units with four-stroke engines have a large reserve of power and performance. They weigh quite a lot, which allows them to be used not only for crushing material, but also for the purpose of compacting soil or bulk substances.

This is interesting! The main advantage of a jackhammer, which is powered by an internal combustion engine, is mobility. This eliminates the need to connect them to an electrical network or a compressor, as is typical for electric and pneumatic units.

Types of executive part

For different types of work it is necessary to use a special working element; there are the following types of tips for a jackhammer:

• pike-crowbar;
• pike-scapula;
• chisel;
• tamper

Jackhammer attachments

Pick-crowbar

This element is used if there is a need to loosen the soil;

• removing the asphalt layer;
• dismantling brick or concrete structures;
• arrangement of a passage in rocks.

Spade-spade

Read this article about how to properly break down a concrete wall. By following the link you will learn what types of hammers there are and how to hold the tool correctly. You may have questions about choosing a drill.

This element is used for the following purposes:

• cleaning wall structures from facing material;
• cleaning the surface from concrete.

Pike-chisel

This tip will be useful if:

• you need to make a hole or arrange a niche in the wall structure;
• cutting of reinforcement is required;
• it is necessary to dig through frozen soil;
• dismantling of metal structures is required.

Pick-rammer

Using this element you can perform the following operations:

• soil compaction;
• sealing seams or cracks.

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Hydraulic jackhammer: operating principle and application advantages

Another type of jackhammer that should also be given attention is hydraulic. They are close relatives of pneumatic units, only instead of compressed air energy, they use oil pressure.

The principle of their operation is based on a distributor, through which the direction of the oil fluid supplied to the tool from the oil pump changes. Below is a diagram of the working principle of a hydraulic breaker.

The diagram shows that the main structural elements are a piston with a striker, as well as a plunger, which is responsible for the timely opening of the corresponding oil channels. In order not to delve into details, it is necessary to note the main stages of operation of hydraulic jackhammers:

1. Oil is supplied under pressure into the chamber in which the piston is acted upon.
2. The piston creates oil pressure in the adjacent chamber and acts on the striker, which impacts the nozzle fixed in the tool chuck.
3. The reverse action of the nozzle is carried out by changing the direction of oil movement.

A more detailed operating principle of hydraulic jackhammers is presented in the video below.

The operating principle of hydraulic fenders is simple, which has a positive effect on the cost of the tool. An additional advantage is the absence of heating effect on internal parts, which increases their service life. Oil is not only a working material, but also a coolant, thanks to which the service life of such a tool increases tens of times.

The disadvantage of their use is the need to use an oil station. This equipment is expensive, so it is not rational to buy this type of tool for use in the household. Not many construction companies can afford to purchase such tools. Their main advantage is high performance and reliability, but in addition, the advantages of such tools include:

1. Effective work for a long time without interruption.
2. There is no possibility of power loss, since the tool parts are not exposed to heat and last a long time.
3. High speed of dismantling work. Compared to pneumatic ones, hydraulic fenders do the job 2-3 times faster.
4. Easy to use. To get started, you need to start the engine of the oil station and connect two hydraulic hoses to the fender.
5. Compact equipment. The weight of the hammer is no more than 20 kg, and the weight of the station is up to 60 kg. This allows you to transport the equipment in a passenger car with a large luggage compartment.

If there is a need to perform a large amount of work, you can contact companies that provide hydraulic breakers for rent.

Main technical parameters of jackhammers

Having understood the types of fenders, you should pay attention to their technical parameters. After all, it is based on them that the appropriate tools are selected to perform the assigned tasks. Before we begin to consider the main technical parameters of the tools, it should be noted that it is recommended to select them according to such criteria as the weight of the device and the thickness of the material being processed. It will be extremely difficult to work with a chipper that weighs more than 10-15 kg in the vertical direction or above the head. And the second criterion is that the thicker the concrete slab, the more difficult it will be for a low-power device to cope with it. Using a powerful jackhammer, you can solve the task tens of times faster, while eliminating the operator’s physical fatigue.

Moving on to the study of the technical parameters of jackhammers, the following characteristics should be mentioned, which are inherent in tools of all types (gasoline, electric, pneumatic):

1. Weight - according to this criterion, jackhammers are classified into three main types. They are light, medium and heavy, depending on their power. Tools weighing up to 6 kg belong to the household category, and are designed to impact not only thin-walled surfaces, but also to carry out work in the horizontal direction, as well as above head level, that is, at height. Medium power tools up to 10 kg are designed for vertical cultivation of surfaces. The most high-performance devices are units whose weight is over 15 kg, and can reach 30 kg or more. Tools weighing more than 30 kg are classified as industrial.
2. Impact force is one of the most important parameters of a tool, which depends directly on its power. Jackhammers are available with impact force parameters from 2 to 63 J. The higher the indicator, the correspondingly greater the mass of the tool.
3. Power - this parameter is indicated for electric and gasoline-type devices. The higher the power rating, the greater the performance and, accordingly, the impact force. For pneumatic and hydraulic type tools, values ​​such as air flow and fluid flow are used. The higher the level of these values, the correspondingly higher their power and performance.
4. Impact frequency - affects the speed of the tool. The higher the impact frequency, the higher the performance, but this parameter has a direct relationship with the impact force. The greater the weight and impact force of the jackhammer, the lower the frequency. For heavy and powerful instruments, the value can be about 1000 beats per minute, and for light ones about 3500. Impact frequency, although an important parameter, is not decisive.

Based on the impact force, jackhammers are divided into four main types. They must be selected based on the type of materials being processed:

• up to 30 J - suitable for removing and destroying materials with medium strength. They are distinguished by their compact dimensions and low weight, which allows them to be used in cramped conditions and at heights;
• up to 40 J - used for general construction work;
• up to 45 J - suitable for working with durable materials, and are used with the tool directed vertically downwards;
• up to 50 J - for working with materials of particularly high strength and large thickness.

Tools with high power and impact force are necessarily equipped with shock-absorbing mechanisms. Their purpose is to reduce the level of vibration transmitted to the user.

TOP 3 best manual jackhammers

Many brands have compact hand-held tool models that offer optimal performance, but at the same time weigh very little and allow you to work for a long time without overwork.

Makita HM1203C

This jackhammer features advanced functionality and the most thoughtful design, so it will become an indispensable purchase for professional builders.

The tool motor is equipped with a long carbon brush, which ensures long tool life. To make it convenient for the user to work with materials of varying degrees of hardness, the manufacturer has provided a special button for adjusting the operating speed.

Additionally, the tool is equipped with a light indicator that will notify the user when the brushes need to be replaced.

The jackhammer also has a soft start and speed stabilization function. The tool is equipped with a quick-release chuck, which allows you to quickly change accessories without the use of additional tools.

The rubberized handle has an ergonomic shape, so the user can safely use the tool for a long time without feeling overworked.

Specifications:

• beat frequency 950-1900 per minute;
• maximum impact energy 25.5 J;
• weight 9.7 kg.

pros

• increased power allows you to work even with hard materials;
• excellent build quality of the case;
• suitable for dismantling materials of different densities;
• There are several attachments included;
• reliable engine ensures long-term operation.

Minuses

• weighs more than analogues;
• Many users find the price too high.

STANLEY STHM10K

A functional and productive jackhammer designed for breaking up asphalt layers, removing tiles and plaster and dismantling concrete, brick and stone walls.

The tool has a soft start function that will help you get started without jerking. The jackhammer is also equipped with a powerful motor, which ensures high performance of the tool, and a special indicator allows you to monitor the degree of wear of the brushes.

At the front of the body there is an additional handle that can be adjusted and installed in different positions . The device also provides for adjustment of the impact force, which allows the tool to be used for working with materials of varying degrees of hardness.

For ease of storage and transportation, a durable plastic case is included with the tool.

Specifications:

• beat frequency 900-1890 per minute;
• maximum impact energy 25 J;
• weight 10.5 kg.

pros

• there is an additional rubberized handle;
• increased engine power;
• Convenient and durable storage case included;
• Comes with several attachments;
• fits comfortably in the hand due to the rubberized handle.

Minuses

• short network cable;
• Some users find the price too high.

CALIBER Master OM-1700/30M

A hand-held electric jackhammer is suitable for both domestic and professional use..

Despite the fact that the tool body is compact, the hammer has sufficient power to work with materials of different hardness. With its help, you can dismantle concrete, brick or stone walls, or crush asphalt or frozen soil.

The device is equipped with a hex chuck, so you will have to use additional tools to change the equipment, but a key for changing the lance is provided with the hammer.

An additional handle is also included in the package. After installing it, it will be much easier to hold the hammer, and the tool will be suitable for dismantling work even in hard-to-reach places.

To prevent the hammer from accidentally turning off during operation, the manufacturer has equipped the tool with a special lock for the button.

Specifications:

• beat frequency 1300-2100 per minute;
• maximum impact energy 65 J;
• weight 25.5 kg.

pros

• Adequate cost with high build quality;
• increased impact force;
• all necessary accessories included;
• copes with even the hardest materials;
• there is an additional handle.

Minuses

• weighs more than analogues;
• The case gets very hot.

Varieties of types of cartridges and attachments for a jackhammer

Most household-type jackhammers are equipped with SDS-plus type quick-release chucks. The appearance of this type of shank is shown in the photo below.

For devices that have high power, nozzles that have an SDS-max type shank are used. The difference lies not only in the thickness of the tail section, but also in its design. If the SDS-plus attachment has two open and two closed grooves, then the equipment with the SDS-max type has three open grooves, which are designed to securely fix the working elements in the tool chuck. Below is the design of the SDS-max shank, and you can read more about them here.

A separate type of shank for a jackhammer is hexagonal. Below are bits with hexagonal shanks.

This is interesting! The selection of the appropriate type of attachment depends on the type of chuck used on the tool.

To be able to install attachments in the desired direction, which applies to chisels and shovels, the design of jackhammers includes a rotating mechanism (clutch). The photo below shows a diagram of its operation.

As with rotary hammers, corresponding types of attachments are available for jackhammers. They differ in the shape of the working part, so let’s look at their main types and purpose.

1. A crowbar or peak is the most popular type of attachment for jackhammers, which are designed for dismantling brick, concrete and other materials. They are also used to loosen soil and remove road surfaces.

2. The blade has a thickened working part with a characteristic sharpening. It is used for leveling asphalt edges, removing plaster, chipping walls and other tasks that require processing large surfaces.

3. Chisel or chisel - used for cutting metal of different profiles, for example, reinforcement, which is found in reinforced concrete slabs.

4. Wide blade - designed for working in hard ground, as well as removing tree and bush roots.

5. A rammer is an attachment that is used to compact a surface using a jackhammer.

6. A shovel with a triangular cutout of the working part is used for tamping ballast under the sleepers of railway tracks.

The choice of the appropriate type of nozzle must be approached responsibly. After all, they differ not only in the shape of the tips, but also in quality. The higher the power of the tool for which you plan to use the nozzle, the greater the strength of the metal from which it is made. Otherwise, the nozzle may quickly become dull and break.

Educational program on rotary hammers and jackhammers.

A hammer drill is one of the most popular power tools, which is largely due to the widespread use of brick and concrete construction. You will find it both in the kit of a professional craftsman and in the arsenal of an amateur who uses it only from time to time.

This type of tool is indispensable in many situations. A universal device is capable of solving a wide range of tasks: making a hole in concrete or brick, piercing masonry, clearing a wall of old ceramic tiles, knocking down plaster, laying grooves (or grooves) under communications... In a word, if only there was a tool, there would always be a job for it !

Below we bring to your attention an educational program on rotary hammers (corded and battery-powered), as well as on jackhammers.

An autopsy will show

The hammer drill began its journey to the hearts of users almost as an “elite” tool. The first electric models, which appeared in 1932, were produced by Bosch, which generally has many achievements and records in this area. They were used primarily for industrial and construction needs. However, over time, the hammer drill gained great popularity “among the people,” that is, among the mass user. And now, as we see, this is a tool quite accessible to ordinary buyers.

Although the audience of our blog is “savvy,” perhaps some readers will still not find much difference between an impact drill and a hammer drill, especially since many models at first glance are almost indistinguishable from the outside. The situation when customers in tool stores ask to explain to them the difference between an impact drill and a hammer drill has long become a classic situation. Therefore, it is better to examine this issue in a little more detail.

Impact drill gearbox

The main thing to remember is that a hammer drill and an impact drill serve different purposes.

The hammer drill is designed for drilling a large number of holes in particularly hard materials, such as concrete, stone, and brickwork. An ordinary electric drill, even one equipped with an impact function, is simply not capable of doing this. It is best used for periodically, individually making holes in designated materials, when there is no specialized puncher at hand.

Accordingly, with a hammer drill and an impact drill, the “birth” of a blow occurs differently. In a drill, the impact occurs due to mechanics - when two flat gears - “ratchets” - are engaged, which convert the rotational movement of the shaft into impacts. And the force of impact depends on the force of pressing the tool. Moreover, the more pressure the operator puts on the drill, the higher the speed of drilling concrete and... the shorter the life of the tool itself, which in such a situation is subjected to serious and harmful loads.

Hammer gearbox

But in a rotary hammer, a pneumatic impact mechanism is responsible for generating the impact - this is the most common option. There are also models with an electromagnetic shock generation mechanism and with a hydraulic one (heavy hammer drills), but they are quite rare in the mass market segment.

The impact mechanism of a rotary hammer consists of an intermediate shaft, on the axis of which there is a “drunk” bearing, a barrel, a piston, a striker and a cylinder (there are solutions with a crank mechanism, but also quite rare). The oscillating drive converts the rotational movements transmitted from the motor to the shaft into translational movements of the cylinder. When the latter operates, an air space is created between it and the piston (and between the piston and the striker). That is, the piston moves under the influence of compressed air, which acts as a spring.

The design of the impact mechanism of a rotary hammer is more complex than that of a drill. However, it doesn’t even have to compete with the “perf”: its impact energy (measured in joules) is tens of times less than that of a hammer drill. In the latter, moreover, this energy does not depend on the force of pressing the instrument. Moreover, excess pressure on the hammer reduces its productivity, since it reduces the free movement of the striker, which it needs to accelerate and gain maximum kinetic energy.

Therefore, when choosing a tool, you should think about what kind of machine you need. The drill is suitable for rare and short-term work with soft concrete and brick, especially with good equipment. However, it is worth remembering that when working in impact mode, the drill uses up its resource faster. But for “uncompromising” drilling in problematic materials, you can’t do without a hammer drill. Where an impact drill would take a lot of time, a hammer drill can be sorted out in seconds. Not to mention the fact that a number of jobs can only be performed by a rotary hammer (this depends on the class of the machine): beating ceramic tiles, chipping cement layers, destroying road surfaces, gouging out channels for laying cables or pipes, and much more. More precisely, models are selected for specific tasks, for the required hole diameter. If necessary, you can always use the help of consultants in stores or ask the necessary questions on various sites - now there are plenty of them on the Internet.

Most manufacturers offer universal devices capable of drilling, hammer drilling and pure hammer drilling. Such “three-mode machines”, created, one might say, for all occasions, belong only to the light class - heavy machines do not have the drilling function as unnecessary.

Hold to death!

How to distinguish hammer drills - which model is capable of what, what is it more suitable for? The situation with classification is quite complicated. Even, one might say, confusing. We'll talk a little about it below. And to initially identify the models, it is enough to divide them into two types depending on what equipment they are capable of using.

To clamp drills, picks and chisels, standardized locks are installed on rotary hammers, which differ from the chucks used on drills. Their design involves the use of a strictly defined type of equipment. If special types of clamps are used on specialized heavy equipment (hexagons on jackhammers), then on more mass-produced models only two are installed: SDS-Plus and SDS-Max. They are suitable for drills with appropriate shanks.

SDS-Plus system , developed by Bosch in 1975, is used with relatively lightweight models, mainly “three-mode”. The essence of the system is that the slots in the clamp fix the inserted equipment, the shanks of which have grooves. To release the equipment, press or turn (this depends on the design) a special ring on the chuck.

SDS-Max system , introduced by the same company in 1990, is designed for use with heavy rotary hammers. The operating principle of both systems is identical. Only the diameters of the shanks of the equipment differ (the first one is 10 mm, the second one is 18 mm), as well as the number of grooves on them.

Universal hammer drills, capable of both drilling and chiselling, are often equipped with a conventional drill chuck - a clamped key or a quick-clamp (in short - BZP). They can be put on through an adapter with an SDS shank, but in this case the chuck runout will increase and the size of the tool will increase, which will certainly interfere with accurate and productive work.

There is another option, in which the barrel has a different design - its tip is adapted to the drill chuck. In this case, remove the “plus” clamp and install a drill chuck. In this case, transfer of the blow to him is excluded.

From class to class

So, let's return to the issue of classification of rotary hammers. We have already talked about the first option - by clamping. There is a second “global” option - “hobby” or “pro” type. It all depends on what category the manufacturer himself classifies his product into. As a rule, brands have a clear specialization: some produce only professional tools, while others produce devices for home craftsmen. Of course, there are also “station wagons”, in whose catalogs you can find models of different types.

Professional models are designed for higher loads and prolonged work without respite. Models in the “hobby” category require periodic rest, since they were not originally designed for hard use.

There are other classification principles. Many users and sellers still, by inertia, use the breakdown of models by weight that has been established for many years: two-kilogram, five-kilogram, etc. But tools are developing, weight decreases, and power increases, so the classes “jump”, layering on each other. Although conditionally, of course, they can continue to be divided by weight: there are light, medium and heavy cars.

Some point to the division of rotary hammers depending on the maximum diameter of the holes that they are capable of drilling: 24, 26, 28 mm, etc. There is also an option with a division depending on the energy (force) of the impact. But this is likely to confuse the situation even more, since not all manufacturers indicate this important parameter according to one guideline. Therefore, let’s say, “3 J” for a hammer drill of one brand will not at all be equal to “3 J” for a hammer drill of another.

Perhaps it seems more logical to divide the devices - we are talking about the SDS-Plus type - according to motor power.

Let's say, the light class - devices with a power of 450–600 W. Their specialty is small-diameter holes in concrete. A special feature is a high number of revolutions and number of blows, and also, as an option, only two operating modes - the pure blow function may not be available on all light models.

Light class rotary hammer

The most common are rotary hammers of the conditional medium “weight category”. They have a power in the range of 700–800 W, they are able to cope with holes of significant diameters and all operate in three modes - drilling, hammer drilling and chiselling.

"Medium" class hammer drill

900–1000 W is the “ceiling” for most hammer drills with an SDS-Plus clamp, although, of course, there are exceptions (some reach 1.5 kW). But for cars in the SDS-Max category, engine power from 1 kW is just beginning - these are, in principle, more powerful devices.

Heavy class rotary hammer

As a rule, belonging to a certain class also affects the layout of the instrument. In light and medium-sized cars, the engine is located horizontally. Heavy SDS-Plus hammer drills often have a vertical layout, classic for Max models. Why is the layout different? This is due not only to the desire to make the tool more compact and ergonomic, which is always relevant for large “heavy artillery” if used in cramped conditions. But also in order to protect the engine from destructive loads.

Self-powered

A rotary hammer, like any other power tool, with all its advantages, has one drawback - dependence on mains power. However, in many situations, the connection of the device to the outlet creates difficulties. For example, in the absence of electricity at remote construction sites or in country houses, when working in hard-to-reach places, or when the network is damaged. Battery models can help solve such problems.

Among the manufacturers of cordless hammer drills, as a rule, there are only the most famous professional brands, often known for their developments in the field of battery technology. Some models are quite capable of competing with network analogues in terms of power and functionality. Thus, many powerful cordless hammer drills are equipped with a clean impact function, and they can also cope with drilling large-diameter holes.

Makita cordless hammer drill

In short, the niche of cordless hammer drills is developing and expanding. But at the same time, it is still quite modest in volume, and cannot be compared with the most common cordless tool - a screwdriver. The reasons for this are clear. The “plus” in the form of autonomous power supply gives rise to its own “cons”. Firstly, whatever one may say, the operating time on a single battery charge is relatively short. Although, of course, manufacturers are increasing the battery capacity (you probably won’t see anyone with batteries with a capacity of 4.0 Ah anymore), which, together with the high voltage, provides a significant supply of energy. Secondly, cordless hammer drills are significantly more expensive than corded models: a significant contribution to the price is made by the batteries, which manufacturers of professional tools are equipped with “the latest technology,” for example, numerous protection systems.

But science is developing and trying to keep up with the needs of users. So there is a chance that over time, manufacturers will come to the optimal ratio of cost and “usefulness” of cordless hammer drills.

Shock workers of labor

Due to their functional focus, electric jackhammers are, of course, not as popular as hammer drills. Accordingly, they are presented modestly on the market. (It is clear that we are not talking about industrial pneumatic jackhammers, which are specialized equipment and have a different operating principle.) At the same time, it is simply impossible to perform some work without such units. Depending on the class, “breakers” are used both in construction, when it is necessary, for example, to break through a “trench” for laying a cable, and during road work, when entire layers of asphalt are removed with a hammer.

Bosch jackhammer

One category of jackhammers is structurally created on a single base with “Maks” rotary hammers and is equipped with the same clamping equipment (they are often released in pairs). They also use a compression-vacuum impact mechanism, but they have only one mode of operation - pure chiselling. The impact energy of such “chippers” is increased when compared with rotary hammers, but the power is not necessarily higher.

Another category is the real “bumpers” of the classic type, which are used primarily vertically (they are also called concrete breakers). Their power is even greater (can reach 2–3 kW), the impact energy is calculated in tens of joules. To fix the equipment, these tools use hexagons rather than traditional SDS-Max clamps. These super-heavy tools, unique “monsters of destruction,” are designed to break through stone walls, concrete blocks, and remove road surfaces.

On the question of equipment

The best models of rotary hammers from a technical point of view can “save” even against relatively light material if you do not take care of the tool equipment. There are a great variety of drills and bits on the market. However, identifying the main types is simple. This is available with SDS-Plus, SDS-Max clamps and hex shanks. The latter is used with the already mentioned jackhammers.

Actually, as already mentioned, the difference between the “Plus” and “Maks” equipment is in the diameter of the shank. And “within” the row of borax they differ in the size of the working part, length, sharpening angle and material of soldering, the design of the spiral. The combination of these items affects the performance and service life of the drill. It depends on them how strong and hard the drill is, how many holes it will make before its “death,” how quickly the tip will become dull...

By the way, if with the main parameters of the drill - length, soldering material, diameter of the working part - everything is more or less obvious, then with the design of the spiral it is not so simple. But it affects the intensity of sludge removal - an important characteristic of drills, and manufacturers regularly offer consumers new solutions to this problem.

The speed and ease of sludge removal depends on the steepness of the helical grooves. The smaller the angle, the slower the waste will be released. This does not mean at all that drills with a smaller sharpening angle are inherently “defective”. If this were so, they would not be produced at all. Such drills are more suitable for making shallow holes.

For versatility, “synthetic” drills are used. For example, the shank is “Plyusovsky”, and the working part is “Maksovsky”. Of course, such equipment should be used carefully and used with powerful hammer drills that are capable of drilling large holes.

In this case, crowns . They differ from each other in the material of manufacture and the number of carbide solders (the more solders, the easier the work). To make deep holes with crowns and drills (split bits and drills), adapters are used that allow you to extend the equipment to the required length. True, there is a danger that at great depths this equipment will break at the joints.

Breakthrough drills are also available on the market , which are also used for drilling large holes (for example, when laying cables or heat sinks). These drills have a specially shaped cutter head with carbide teeth, as well as a centering drill, a large spiral and a long shank.

Chisels differ in sharpening angle, shape, but their function is the same.

Key Features

Electronics . The vast majority of rotary hammers are equipped with a speed control system. More complex electronic systems are the so-called “constant” electronics and the inrush current limiting system (soft start). The task of “constant” electronics is to maintain a given speed, torque and impact energy under load. This eliminates a significant drop in performance under heavy loads, especially at reduced speeds. In the most “advanced” models, the electronics control the rotation speed and use the power reserve as the load increases.

The purpose of a soft start is to prevent a sudden start. This function is important primarily for powerful machines. When starting, the current is not supplied immediately, but incrementally. This way, the tool not only starts working without a sudden jerk, but also wears out less, and the network is not overloaded. Moreover, visually the gradual acceleration of the current is not noticeable, but in terms of sensations the difference with an instant start is obvious.

Fixation of the bit in any angular position . This function (it is often called the “fourth mode”) allows you not to dodge while working, adjusting to the position of the blade, but to manually change the position of the bit itself, turning it to the desired angle. Some manufacturers indicate the number of positions in which the equipment is installed. Usually 12 and above - in any case it will be enough to work comfortably.

Safety coupling . A hammer drill, like any “strong” tool with high torque, is dangerous. If the drill jams in the material during operation, the likelihood of injury to the operator is very high. And the car itself will also get it. To prevent the user from simply being “screwed” onto the hammer drill when jammed, a safety clutch is installed on the tool, which instantly stops it. The second name of the part is the release clutch: it disconnects the shaft from the gearbox.

Reverse . The reverse function is present on “Plus” rotary hammers. Thanks to it, the tool gains versatility - it can be used not only for its main “specialty,” but also as a drill (for drilling holes in wood, plastic, metals) or even a screwdriver (for tightening fasteners). Although the greater the weight and dimensions of the hammer drill, the greater the skill required from the user. In addition, reverse is also used to remove the drill when it is jammed in the hole.

If you don’t butter it up, you won’t go

It's easy to imagine such a situation. Some consumers purchase expensive models from famous manufacturers, hoping that they will last them a long time. And they are surprised when, after a fairly short time, the tool fails. And there is nothing to be surprised about: simply, relying solely on the name and price, the user leaves the care of the machine to itself. This is a fundamentally wrong approach, since the owner himself is responsible for his instrument, no matter how famous it may be. Yes, often maintaining it in proper condition is troublesome, but necessary.

There are several basic principles. By following them, you can significantly extend the “life span” of the hammer drill.

First, you shouldn’t save time and money on tool lubrication . Lubrication should be in the “arsenal” of everyone who uses hammer drills. For some models, tubes of lubricant are included in the delivery package, but in most cases it is purchased additionally.

Lubrication reduces the entry of harmful abrasive dust into the hammer drill mechanism. There are a lot of rubbing parts in it, and if sludge particles get on them, the mechanism itself will gradually collapse. Lubrication prevents the penetration of abrasive dust, thereby reducing wear of parts and extending the service life of the device.

The drill shanks also need to be lubricated when installing and replacing equipment. Lubrication will not only reduce friction and wear of the equipment and clamping parts, but will also block the path of abrasive particles further. It is applied to the grooves of the drill before fixing it in the lock.

The second is prevention . The most loaded mechanism in a rotary hammer is the hammer. But he is also the weakest, because he is subject to the strongest influence. Some malfunctions - cracks in the barrel or gearbox housing, which could not be detected independently in time, can eventually lead to tool failure. And in the worst case, injury to the user. So diagnostics at service centers during long-term operation will not be superfluous.

In addition, we must not forget that the hammer drill needs rest. You shouldn’t work without a break - you need to give the device time to “gather its strength” so that it does not overheat again. We must not forget that tools have a “ceiling” in operating parameters. Often operators, especially beginners, do not pay attention to the abbreviation “max.”, which is placed after the position “drilling diameter”, and use the hammer drill “to the fullest”, that is, they make the maximum permissible characteristics for ordinary workers. At some point the machine may not hold up. Therefore, for example, with a maximum value of 24 mm, the main “combat caliber” of the hammer drill will be 14–16 mm - in this case, long-term operation is acceptable.

You should also not save on equipment - it is better to buy high-quality ones. After all, low-quality drills can render the internal parts of the lock unusable in minutes. It is better to pay extra money for a good drill than to change the barrel of a hammer drill.

Removing dust

The hammer drill deals with those materials that “take revenge” on it with a large amount of dust and abrasive particles. They cause trouble for the user (many people know what it's like to drill over their heads!) and the tool, contributing to wear on its barrel. To solve the problem, along with industrial (construction) vacuum cleaners, other – more specialized – devices are used.

The use of special dust removal covers is widespread. They come in different shapes and designs, but they have the same operating principle. The casing is connected to the suction hose of the vacuum cleaner and attached to the drilling site. The resulting sludge is removed through the opening of the casing. The system is extremely simple, quite effective, inexpensive, can work with any hammer drill, regardless of its brand, so it is in demand. However, there are also “cons”. Whatever one may say, a vacuum cleaner is necessary here, but the worker does not always have the opportunity to use it.

In this case, there is a more complex and expensive option - full-fledged dust removal systems for rotary hammers, including battery-powered ones. They are equipped with built-in filters and are attached to tools during use. Some have their own small motor, and the dust suction part takes power away from the hammer, which ultimately affects the overall efficiency.

There are very few such dust removal systems on the market; they can only be found in the catalogs of the most famous brands. Ordinary users who use rotary hammers from time to time do not need such devices, which cannot be said about the “pros”. For example, they are necessary when performing any field work or when solving “spot” tasks in rooms where cleanliness must be maintained. It is not always convenient to take a vacuum cleaner with you when solving a remote task, but a compact and lightweight system will not take up much space. True, you need to remember some points.

Firstly, the system installed on the hammer drill increases its dimensions, and this is not always comfortable. Secondly, such systems are often designed to work with a specific model of a specific brand, so it will not be possible to use it, say, with a previously purchased tool. Although there are exceptions.

Everything to fight vibration!

Along with dust, there is another “side effect” of working with a hammer drill - vibration. This is not just a temporary strain on the hands and nerves. According to scientists and doctors, prolonged work at high levels of vibration has an adverse effect on human health. It’s okay if you pick up a hammer drill once every six months, but what does it feel like for the people who use it to earn their living? In many countries, this problem is dealt with at the state level: prohibitions are in place, directives and recommendations are issued obliging employers to take care of their employees. Therefore, power tool manufacturers are developing new anti-vibration systems for their products.

Vibration protection systems are divided into active and passive.

An active anti-vibration system (often marked AVS) is an important element of a rotary hammer, especially if it is a powerful machine. Usually this is a shock-absorbing device, a counterweight with a spring, which takes on the “recoil.” True, this system is not able to completely absorb vibration, but it seriously reduces it. In addition, the handle can also be responsible for the “vibration removal”: it is attached to the body from below using a hinge, and from above - through a spring mechanism. Some manufacturers install active systems not only on heavy Max models, but also on Plus ones.

The passive anti-vibration system means ordinary rubber pads on the body, which also protect against slipping of the hand.

In addition, rotary hammers often come with anti-vibration front (or additional) handles.

Features of repair and maintenance of an electric jackhammer

Having studied the design and operating principle of jackhammers, it is worth saying a few words about their repair and maintenance. Although the tools are characterized by high reliability, no manufacturer can guarantee eternal operation. To increase the service life of the tool as a whole and its components, you should make it a rule to perform regular maintenance. Naturally, this must be done at a time when the tool is not in use.

The working units (electrical and mechanical parts) of the tool are most susceptible to wear. Let's look at the example of an electric jackhammer from DeWalt:

1. If the tool does not start when you turn it on, then you should check the serviceability of the button, brushes (if a brush motor is used), and wires. To check these elements you will need to use a multimeter.
2. If the efficiency or dynamics of destruction decreases, you should resort to checking the mechanical components. Most often, a decrease in performance is associated with a decrease in the pressure created inside the chamber. The situation can be corrected by replacing the rubber ring on the piston...

3. And on the striker.

4. We evaluate the condition of the piston, which should be free of chips, scuffs and other defects.
5. The cartridge must be regularly disassembled and cleaned. This is done in order to eliminate the possibility of the nozzle jamming in the chuck, as well as to increase the service life of the component parts. How to disassemble the jackhammer cartridge and clean it is described in detail in the video below.

6. Check the condition of the gears (gearbox). The teeth should be in place, and there should be no play in the shafts. If there is play, the bearings should be replaced. Remove old grease and apply new grease to the breaker gears.

The process of repairing a jackhammer depends on the type of malfunction. The design of the tool is not much more complicated than that of a rotary hammer, so you can diagnose and repair the breakdown yourself, without the help of specialists. However, it is important to note that when choosing Chinese-made tools, you will need to carry out repair work more often than when using bump stops from brands such as Bosch, DeWalt, Makita, Hilti and others.

To summarize, it should be noted that a jackhammer is not at all an indispensable tool in the household. A rotary hammer, which is multifunctional, is quite capable of replacing it. However, it is impossible to do without a jackhammer when performing construction work related to the dismantling of concrete slabs, reinforced concrete structures, brick walls, cinder blocks and other materials. In this case, it is necessary to select the optimal type of tool depending not only on the type, but also on the complexity of the planned work.

Which company should you choose?

When choosing a jackhammer, you should focus not only on its technical characteristics, but also on the manufacturer of the device.

Since this tool is a professional one, you should give preference to products from reliable and proven brands.

In 2022, professional builders highly appreciated the jackhammers of the brands STAVR, Bosch, TZK, Makita, PATRIOT, Metabo, Fubag, STANLEY, CALIBR and ONNESWAY.

The most successful models from these manufacturers are included in the rating.