A vacuum cleaner is a household electrical appliance, a tireless cleaning assistant. As a rule, people are not interested in how it works, but as soon as a breakdown occurs, everything changes. Without knowing the design of the vacuum cleaner, it is not so easy to understand the cause of the malfunction. And when buying new equipment to replace a broken one, without knowing how this device works, it is also difficult to choose a suitable model.
Moreover, now there are many different vacuum cleaners on store shelves. And these are not ordinary “dust-sucking” mechanisms, but improved ones, supplemented with useful functions. The article will discuss the design of a vacuum cleaner, because, knowing how the unit works, it is easier to find a “helper”.
Modern vacuum cleaner – what is it?
This is a device that guarantees high-quality and comfortable cleaning.
Its main characteristic is power consumption, which for new models is 1.2-2.5 thousand watts. The suction power, reaching 400 aW, is also important, as well as the number of filters, dust collector capacity, size and weight. In Russia, models with low power consumption that save electricity are sold. Additional Information! New vacuum cleaners operate quietly. The noise of the quietest of them is 75 decibels, and the noisiest - 95-100 dB.
Vacuum cleaner at work: principle of operation
In a traditional vacuum cleaner, after starting the engine, a draft appears, with the help of which dirt and debris are sucked through a hose that has a nozzle that lifts the lint and pulls out dirt from the surface. Along with the air currents, dirt falls into a separate container (usually a bag). The built-in filter purifies the air and returns it back.
Important! To learn how a vacuum cleaner works, you need to become familiar with air filtration, because this is the most important process. In cheap models, the air is poorly purified and the device begins to generate dust. Therefore, it is better not to save on it.
When should you open your PC case?
The need to clean your computer is indicated by the following problems with its stability:
- uncharacteristic noise from the system unit;
- spontaneous reboots;
- freezing;
- OS inhibition;
- the appearance of a specific odor;
- increased body temperature.
If the computer was often used outside the home or stored in a non-residential area, it is necessary to clean it before starting it up.
General cleaning of the inside of the computer is recommended every 6 months. Shifting the deadline up or down depends on many external factors, as well as the type of electronics.
What does a vacuum cleaner consist of, the main structural elements
The vacuum cleaner consists of:
- Housing made of plastic or metal. Protects the elements inside from mechanical stress.
- A commutator electric motor driving the compressor. Modern devices are equipped with motors with a performance of 1500 W.
- A centrifugal compressor that creates rarefied air flows and pumps them.
- An air purifier that collects dust in a container.
- A set of attachments and brushes for various purposes.
In general, the circuit of this device is simple. A classic household appliance has a flexible hose and a long tube. This is not the case in the design of a handheld vacuum cleaner, where the compressor is integrated into a tube with a nozzle or brush.
Attachments and important details
The nozzles are collected from the surface of the contamination. They come in several types, depending on how the vacuum cleaners are designed. For example, a universal model cleans carpets, linoleum, and removes dirt from room furniture and other surfaces.
The turbo brush is used for cleaning only wool and carpets. Using a cylindrical roller, dirt is removed from household devices, lamps and plants.
Electromagnetic inserts collect various metal debris. Washing vacuum cleaners have vacuum attachments that supply water and detergent to the cleaning surface.
Malfunctions
Regardless of the brand and cost of the vacuum cleaner, a number of faults can be identified that are common to all of these devices.
- During cleaning, water periodically stops flowing to the sprayer
. In this case, the problem lies in the water pump, or the button responsible for spraying water. If this malfunction occurs, it is worth checking the contact connections of the wires to the pump and to the button that supplies water. - After cleaning, it is not possible to wind up the electrical cord
. This problem occurs due to a broken spring mechanism (or the spring has stretched), with the help of which the electrical cord is pulled into the vacuum cleaner. You can fix this problem yourself if the spring is weakened, otherwise you should contact the service center specialists. - It does not turn on and a hum is heard, or noise or whistling is heard during operation
. The reason for this is the failure of the electric motor bearing, which occurs due to overheating, moisture entering the electric motor, or foreign objects entering the hose. To diagnose and eliminate this breakdown, you must contact service specialists. - The washing vacuum cleaner works, but does not suck up dirt well, and the device’s motor is noisier than usual
. This problem occurs due to objects getting stuck inside the hose. You can remove such an object by attaching a hose to the outlet. If the design does not allow this operation, then the hose can be cleaned yourself, for example, with a long strip with a rounded end or a wire with a hook at the end.
- Damage or rupture of the hose
. This breakdown is common; it occurs due to improper use: during cleaning, the hose is pulled, or the hose is abruptly removed after use. Improper storage that causes the hose to become kinked can also lead to damage or rupture. It is worth remembering that the hose should not be pinched or bent either during operation or during storage.
A washing vacuum cleaner will become a real helper for owners of houses and apartments with a large area, especially if there are a lot of carpets, tiles, stone coverings, and for pet owners.
No one knows all the secrets of quick and effective cleaning better than maids. They cope with a huge amount of work every day, so ordinary housewives have a lot to learn. Even when it comes to the most common procedure - vacuuming
.
Many women in a hurry forget that the entry of certain debris into equipment simply shortens its service life. If you want your vacuum cleaner to last a long time, then remember this list!
Classification of vacuum cleaners by type of placement
There are horizontal, vertical, built-in and floor-standing devices.
Horizontal devices are equipped with wheels for transportation around the room. They are aggregated with containers for collecting waste, as well as engines and compressors, and come in 2 types - for dry and wet cleaning.
Floor types are designed according to the classic model. The dust collection container and the mechanism that collects dirt are connected to the body with a tube or flexible hose. In older models with a simple structure, there are metal components in a durable braid. The vacuum cleaner also includes reliable plastic pipes and hoses.
Vertical models are structurally very different from classic models, but the principle of operation of the vacuum cleaner is simple. For example, they don't have a hose. They are produced in the form of compact devices, inside of which there is a motor and a container for collecting dirt and dust with a filter. The nozzles are equipped externally to the body and can be stationary or removable. Modern models are wireless and equipped with a rechargeable battery. The brush effectively picks up dust and hair, which pet owners will love.
Built-in appliances are not popular because their design is complex. They consist of channels that are installed along the perimeter of a residential building in the walls. The corrugated composite hose and pipe are attached to the fittings on the surface, and the motor and dust collector are mounted in the closet. Hoses make it difficult to clean the house. Therefore, they are not suitable for residential premises.
Device
The main part of the internal space of the equipment is occupied by a motor with a power button located on the body. The commutator type of engine is designed for long-term continuous operation. For example, due to constant use, blenders often overheat and fail; you hardly hear this about vacuum cleaners.
However, home appliances require proper care and maintenance. For example, it is necessary to lubricate bearings, periodically change brushes and consumables of the filtration system. It is noteworthy that attachments for cleaning behind carpets must be replaced, since hair, wool and threads are often wrapped around the brushes. The graphite contacts wear out and begin to press against the springs, causing the mechanisms to quickly fail.
Main components
The standard design of the device has a simple design, so the principle of operation of the vacuum cleaner is the draft generated in the motor with a vacuum suction to absorb dust and debris through the main hose. The end of the pipe is equipped with a nozzle for raising fluff and removing dirt. In this case, the dust, along with the air, enters the filtration system and settles in the bag. It is filters that are the No. 1 means of air purification, since they are returned to the room, therefore, if the consumables are not cleaned, the quality of cleaning will decrease.
Dust and dirt are sucked out by traction through the hose
Regardless of the type of home appliances, the units consist of 3 parts:
- The design for collecting dirt is presented in the form of brushes and nozzles;
- Transport routes - in the form of pipes, hoses;
- A housing with a motor, filters and a dust collector located inside.
Nozzles
To expand the scope of use of the equipment, the developers equipped the device with various attachments for collecting different types of waste. The universal brush is used for caring for carpet surfaces, collecting debris from the floor and other surfaces.
Universal brush
Manufacturers produce equipment casings from high-strength materials.
Such nozzles have program switches for caring for smooth and fluffy surfaces with different levels of hardness. Additionally, rollers are built into the brush, increasing maneuverability during operation.
The turbo brush is used for cleaning carpets and upholstered furniture to remove cat and dog hair, as well as other fibers.
Turbo brush
The cylindrical rollers have bristles, which during rotation form an air flow that effectively removes dirt from the working surface. These elements are convenient for removing dust from equipment, artificial plants and chandeliers. To care for the services in the chest of drawers, a soft broom with antistatic long bristles is intended.
Antistatic broom
Detergent-type vacuum cleaners also have brushes with vacuum action. The nozzles are responsible for supplying water and cleaning agents to the surface and removing dirt.
Cleaning parquet and laminate flooring requires careful handling, so special brushes with crevice attachments must be used to care for the surfaces. This allows you to remove debris, dust, and excess moisture from the grooves of the boards.
Parquet nozzle
The collection of metal particles is carried out by brushes with electromagnetic plates that attract such debris and hold them until disconnected from the network. Once the tidying process is complete, the magnets turn off and the assembled elements are drawn in by a stream of air.
Important details in the design of vacuum cleaners
The effectiveness of putting things in order is achieved not only by the proper functioning of the main components, but also by additional parts. What does a vacuum cleaner consist of? The period of operation of the equipment, vacuum power and level of air purification depend on the following elements:
- filtration system;
- seals;
- bushings;
- bearings.
The filtration system is made of woven and non-woven materials that allow you to efficiently clean the air from dust and microbes.
Vacuum Cleaner Filter Disposable Paper Bags
Fluoropolymers are used for seals, and bushings and bearings are made from polyamides. Together, these factors extend the service life of the device and also protect moving mechanisms from premature wear.
Types of vacuum cleaners by type of dust collector
The dust collector is one of the most important parts of a vacuum cleaner. There are several types of it.
With dust bag
This is the traditional and most common type. Vacuum cleaners are convenient and easy to use, reliable and efficient. To start, you need to turn on the electrical power. After finishing cleaning, you need to turn off the vacuum cleaner and put it away for storage.
A bag filled with garbage must be periodically removed and emptied of its contents.
Vacuum cleaners with aqua filter
The main purpose of vacuum cleaners is wet cleaning. In them, the sucked air flows are purified in a reservoir of water. They are sold at a high cost and have significant weight and large dimensions. Not suitable for small rooms.
Important! The air leaving the vacuum cleaner body does not carry dust with it, which is good for people with allergies.
Models with container
Models equipped with a flask are hygienic and effective. When the vacuum cleaner operates, the sucked dust rotates around the main filter at high speed. When the device is turned off, solid and small particles fall to the bottom of the container, clumping into a single dense lump.
The cyclone apparatus has gained the greatest popularity. In it, the sucked air flows are exposed to centrifugal force. As a result, heavy dust remains on the walls of the filter, and the purified air is returned back into the room.
There is no need to use bags - the container is thrown into the trash. True, the cyclone consumes more electrical energy. The devices have consistently high suction power. It decreases only in situations where the filter itself is clogged, but it can be cleaned.
Additional functionality
Additional functionality usually includes the possibility of reverse operation of the engine impeller, that is, not for suction, but for blowing. This option allows you to remove dust and small debris from hard-to-reach places and crevices, so you can then clean it up as usual. Also, in addition to the basic functionality characteristic of each of the above types, vacuum cleaners may have the following additional convenient features:
- start blocking – triggered if there is no dust collector in the case;
- indication of filter contamination—relieves the user of constant physical monitoring;
- automatic shutdown - activated when the garbage container is fully loaded;
- dust bin full indication – signals when you need to empty the container or insert a new bag;
- overheating protection – provides for turning off the engine until it cools down;
- soft start – designed to prevent overloads;
- automatic adjustment of water (steam) supply – relevant for washing/steam devices;
- automatic rewinding of the power cord - saves time when cleaning;
- adjusting the length of the network cable - involves automatic unwinding/rewinding of the wire during the cleaning process as needed;
- aromatization - some models have a special compartment for aromatic plates or granules;
- bactericidal lamp – automatically disinfects the surface being cleaned;
- rubber bumper – protects furniture and the vacuum cleaner body from damage when colliding;
- shoulder strap – relevant for hand-held devices.
So, the variety of vacuum cleaners on the modern market allows you to choose a model to suit the most unexpected requirements for both home and industrial use. Depending on the form factor, the technical capabilities also differ, although the operating principle of all vacuum cleaners remains the same. Additional functionality expands the range of applications of the devices and simplifies interaction with them during daily use.
Samsung SC4336 (price - about 2700 rubles)
Powerful, lightweight, equipped with a fine filter and a spacious container. Suction power – 360 aW (with a power consumption of 1.8 kW). This vacuum cleaner has a power regulator.
Equipped with a universal crevice nozzle and a turbo brush. The disadvantages of the unit include the lack of rotation of the suction hose.
The hose itself, by the way, is also not entirely successful: it is made of plastic and is rigid.
If you are interested in container devices from Samsung, a detailed article about them is located here, where you can read about the characteristics, find out consumer reviews and much more.
Operating rules
In order for the robot vacuum cleaner to work for a long time and safely, you must follow some rules. Be sure to ensure that water and even splashes do not get on it. To wipe the outer casing, use only a dry cloth. Before turning on the device, you must raise higher:
- unstable objects;
- cords from blinds;
- newspapers;
- clothes.
Do not touch the robot or charger with wet hands. The dustbin and brushes should be regularly cleaned of lint and debris wrapped around them. If this device does not work for a long time, then you need to remove the charged battery from it. Do not use it to clean up paint spills or any chemicals. It is important to keep in mind that if the floors in your home are dark-colored, the vacuum cleaner will most likely not work effectively.
When purchasing this device, you need to know that the more functions it has, the higher the cost. However, in any case, it will make the housewife’s work easier. But before purchasing, you need to carefully understand the functions, operating principle of the robot vacuum cleaner and the modes provided.
Stowaway DC23 (Dyson) (price - about 22 thousand rubles)
A large article about Dyson vacuum cleaners is here.
This model belongs to the elite class. The Stowaway DC23 first went on sale in 2008. It uses the Root Cyclone system, complemented by an internal separator.
Thanks to this design, the air is passed through six stages of filtration.
The Stowaway DC23 is the first to feature Dyson's one-button hygienic cleaning of the dust container.
It is lightweight and maneuverable. The special design of the lower part of the unit allows it to be placed quite stably on the steps.
With an extra wheel, the Stowaway DC23 can climb stairs. The entire set of attachments is always at hand for the user - on the body.
Among the large number of attachments, a new product should be noted: New Contact Head - it is designed for cleaning under large household appliances and furniture.
The suction power is adjusted using the keys located on the brush. For pet lovers, there is a powerful electric brush that can easily cope with deposits of hair and stubborn dirt.
Overall, we can say that this is one of the best bagless devices.
Flaws
Bagless appliances do not like to be placed in a vertical position. At the same time, their suction power decreases, and the filters and container become clogged faster.
Vacuum cleaners with containers are big cleaners. They don't like to stay unwashed for a long time. It is advisable to wash them after each cleaning. Otherwise, their effectiveness gradually decreases.
Many users complain that the case “shocks”. It's all due to static electricity. Frequent washing of input filters leads to their rapid wear.
Container devices have a small drawback - when you shake out the container, some of the dust inevitably spills back out. However, Electrolux specialists have come up with a device that can pack dust into briquettes! Dust does not spill out, plus work efficiency does not decrease as the container is filled. Read more about this device in the article Electrolux Ultra Captic Vacuum Cleaner: cost, reviews, characteristics, buy the highest quality product.
Also, good container devices are produced by the Scarlet company; reviews and prices for them can be found here, the most important and relevant information.
Also, if you are just choosing a vacuum cleaner, pay attention to Rowenta, this company produces both bag and bagless units, more details about them are written here: let perfect cleanliness reign in your apartment.
