Heating registers: made from pipes, do-it-yourself calculations

DIY heating register

Today we will tell you how to make a heating register with your own hands, as they say, from what is on the farm, because this is what usually happens. We will talk about how to make a drawing of the future design and how to connect the registers to the heating. You can calculate the length of the sections and their number based on an existing pipe of a certain cross-section, or make a calculation for purchasing a new rental. If the production of heating registers is supported by the desire to save money, hiring an experienced welder is out of the question. Yes, and there is nothing complicated there. You will soon see this for yourself.

Types of heating registers

There are 3 types of registers considered:

Sectional in the form of the letter “P”.
Serpentine, the shape of which is S-shaped.
Mixed.

Pipes made of steel or stainless steel are used for production, the diameter of which ranges from 25 to 200 mm. Industrial premises with administrative or economic purposes are heated through the use of pipes with a diameter of 25 to 100 mm. As for registers with a larger diameter, reaching 200 mm, they are installed in production workshops and at sports facilities of varying scale, for example, swimming pools.

As applied to private households, their installation significantly reduces heating efficiency.

When assembling registers, almost any number of sections can be used, which is determined only by the area of the room and the required amount of heat transfer.

When connecting sectional registers, jumpers are used that have a smaller diameter compared to the pipes that are part of the type of device under consideration. To calculate the optimal distance between heating pipes, use the formula D+50 mm, where D should be understood as the pipe diameter. Compliance with the distance calculated in this way makes it possible to minimize the infrared radiation of the pipes in relation to each other, which ensures an increase in heat transfer.

The connection of coils is possible due to bends, the diameter of which is identical to the diameter of the pipes. They are installed at the ends of the connected device. Because of this connection method, the cost of connecting registers increases, but not significantly. In this case, the increase in costs is compensated by an increase in operating efficiency, which provides a larger working surface area. Also, the coil register has such a positive aspect as lower hydraulic resistance compared to that present in the sectional version of such a heating device. This allows the use of circulation pumps with lower power and lower price.

End caps installed on pipes come in a variety of shapes: flat, round and elliptical. Plugs having an elliptical shape are used in systems where the coolant is supplied under high pressure. They are also used to give heating appliances a certain attractiveness. If there is a need, it is possible to equip the upper segment of the register with a fitting designed to install a degassing valve.

The variability in the design of heating registers does not end there; for example, there are devices of this type that are complemented by a heating element. The result is a device that does not require connection to the heating system, since the heating medium is heated by a built-in electrical appliance in the form of a heating element.

In the process of designing such devices, the power of heating elements is calculated in a certain way, which depends on how large the surface area of the device is. If the register overheats, this will lead to excessive activity of the expansion process and the coolant will flow out through the emergency valve. Otherwise, that is, if there is insufficient power, the efficiency of the heating element will be reduced to a minimum.

The autonomous register must be equipped with a fitting installed in the upper segment of this heating device. It is used to fill the coolant before putting it into operation and to install an emergency valve, which can be supplemented with an expansion tank, due to the need to compensate for the expansion of the coolant.

Features of connecting batteries in apartments

When a newly built house is delivered to the customer, the entire heating system must be agreed upon with the receiving management company and comply with SNiP standards. Basically, one heat meter is installed for all apartments in the entrance. The price for consumed thermal energy determines the cash costs per 1 sq.m. usable housing area.

When replacing old heating batteries with new radiators, homeowners often make the mistake of not coordinating the installation of new devices with the heating supply organization. In these cases, residents, trying to obtain the maximum effect of heating their premises, install heating panels and radiators of an inordinately large area.

If such violations are detected, the management company or heat supply company will impose a fine through the court and force them to dismantle or reinstall heating devices that meet the requirements of SNiP.

To avoid troubles, the apartment owner must, at the design stage, coordinate with the above organizations the installation of new batteries. To do this, you need to write an application in the appropriate form and attach a diagram for connecting new radiators.

Types of registers

Heating registers are divided into three types:

aluminum;
cast iron;
steel.

Aluminum registers are in great demand due to their low specific gravity, good heat transfer rates, excellent corrosion resistance, long service life, and the absence of joints and welds.

Aluminum pipes are produced by monolithic casting. Aluminum registers are used in residential and administrative premises. The main disadvantage of aluminum devices is their high price.

Cast iron registers are easy to install because they have a monolithic flange connection. During installation, a second flange is welded to the heating pipeline, and then a strong connection is made using bolts.

Steel registers are installed into the heating system by welding. High-quality welding is a guarantee of long service life of the entire heating system.

Stationary and mobile registers

To heat the coolant in stationary registers, heating boilers are needed. To heat the coolant in mobile registers, an electric heating element is used, operating from a network with a voltage of 220 V. This type of registers is used for work houses of builders, premises where finishing work is carried out.

Installing registers indoors has a number of undeniable advantages over installing batteries in a heating system:

long service life. pipes made of steel do not need repairs, at least 25 years;
the heating system is characterized by a high degree of reliability; the main requirement for ensuring such reliability is high-quality welding seams;
an open heating system can be installed in large areas; low resistance to the movement of the coolant ensures the large diameter of the pipes used for the register.

Recently, registers are installed much less often, choosing more alternative modern heating devices. The disadvantages of this type of device include:

The appearance of the register is not the most attractive; a thick steel pipe is laid along the wall throughout the room;
a small area of contact with the air in the room leads to a low heat transfer rate. zero use of convection;
supplying a heating system with registers is high in cost and difficult to install; large-diameter steel pipes on the construction market are quite expensive; it is necessary to use welding during installation.

Application area

Currently, water heating registers are mostly used in industries (workshops, workshops, warehouses, hangars and other buildings with large areas). The large volume of coolant and large dimensions allow the registers to efficiently heat such rooms.

The use of heating registers in industrial buildings ensures the most optimal efficiency of the heating system. Compared to cast iron or steel batteries, registers are characterized by better hydraulics and heat dissipation. The relatively low cost of their manufacture reduces the cost of installing the entire factory heating system. In addition, they are not expensive to operate.

Registers are also recommended for use in premises with high sanitary safety requirements (medical institutions, kindergartens, etc.). The devices are easily washed from dirt and dust.

Despite this, the concept of efficiency does not apply to this type of heating device. As noted above, heating a large volume of coolant requires a lot of energy.

Heating registers made of steel electric-welded pipes can be used in both single-pipe and two-pipe heating systems with forced or gravity circulation of the coolant (based on water or steam).

What are there

Heating registers are made of different materials and have different shapes. Each has pros and cons.

What are they made from?

If we talk about materials, the most common is steel, or rather electric-welded steel pipes. Steel does not have the best heat transfer, but this is compensated by its low price, ease of processing, availability and a large selection of standard sizes.

It is very rare to find pipes made of stainless steel - for decent power a large number of pipes are required, and you have an idea how much stainless steel products cost. If they did, it was probably a long time ago. They also use galvanized steel, but it is more difficult to work with - you won’t be able to cook it.

Registers made of copper pipes have high heat transfer and an equally high price

Requires neutral and clean coolant, free of solid particles
the presence of other metals and alloys in the system is undesirable, except for compatible ones - bronze, brass, nickel, chromium, therefore all fittings and fittings will need to be made from these materials;
Careful grounding is mandatory - without it, in the presence of water, electrochemical corrosion processes begin;
the softness of the material requires protection - we need screens, covers, etc.

There are registers made of cast iron. But they are too bulky. In addition, they have a very large mass; no less massive racks need to be made for them. Plus, cast iron is fragile - one blow and it can crack. It turns out that this type of registers also needs protective covers, and they reduce heat transfer and increase cost. Moreover, installing them is complex and hard work. The advantages include high reliability and chemical neutrality: this alloy does not care what coolant it works with.

Cast iron finned tube registers

In general, copper and cast iron are not easy. So it turns out that the optimal choice is steel registers.

Selecting a heating device configuration

Homemade radiator designs are mainly made on the basis of metal pipes with a diameter of 80 - 150 mm.

Design features are limited to two versions:

Lattice.
Snake.

The lattice design of the heating battery differs from the “snake” in a slightly different circuit design, and, depending on the variations in such batteries, the distribution of the coolant may be different.

Options for circuit design of heating registers for their own production: 1 – one jumper and one-sided power supply; 2 – two jumpers and one-sided power supply; 3 – two-way power supply and 2 jumpers; 4 – two-way power supply and 4 jumpers; 5, 6 – multi-pipe

Coil structures actually have a monotonous design, implying strictly sequential movement of the coolant.

Lattice registers are constructed according to different schematics:

with one or two jumpers and one-way power supply;
with one or two jumpers and versatile power supply;
parallel connection of pipes;
sequential connection of pipes.

The number of pipes in one assembly can range from two to four or more. Rarely, there is also the practice of making single-pipe registers.

A coil assembly usually contains at least two pipes connected on one side by a blind jumper and on the other by a through jumper, which are made from two pipe bends (2x45º). It should be noted that the design of heating registers in the form of a coil is used much less frequently than “grid” designs.

Options for the possible manufacture of “snake” type registers. For coil-type register battery designs, the choice of manufacturing options is limited compared to lattice-type designs.

Both manufacturing options - lattice and coil - can be made not only on the basis of classic round pipes, but also on the basis of profile pipes.

Profile pipes seem to be a somewhat specific material, since they require a slightly different approach when assembling heating radiators. However, registers made from a profile pipe are more compact and take up less usable space, and this factor is also important.

Instructions for making a radiator

To make a heating register yourself, it is recommended to initially carry out the necessary calculations (methodology above in the text). And the point here is not to save resources, but to make batteries that are really useful in all respects.

Surviving the winter with the windows open - this option is suitable for “walruses”. Everyone else who is not part of the hardened group runs the risk of getting a serious cold. And powerful radiators are just as bad as too weak ones.

Pipe register for heating, made by hand. This heating battery design is distinguished by a non-standard coolant supply. Water is supplied and discharged through pipe risers, to which the register pipes are directly connected

So, the calculation is done, you can start choosing the material.

An economical and quite suitable choice for a homemade design can be considered steel pipes and fittings for them produced for steel pipes:

bends (suitable for pipe diameter);
corners (reinforcement);
steel sheet (thickness equal to the thickness of the pipe wall);
pipes (small diameter pipes).

Gates may also be required, which are often not installed directly on the registers. Manufacturing skills and knowledge of gas welding technology would be useful if the future performer has them.

Pipe preparation and welding

According to the calculated length parameters, the pipes of the future radiator are cut to size. A convenient tool for cutting is a circular saw. Then plugs for the ends of the pipes are cut out of a metal sheet. The round-shaped plugs are convenient to cut with an oxygen cutter.

First of all, circles of the required diameter are marked with chalk on the surface of the metal sheet and then carefully cut. Some of the sliced pancakes (the quantity is calculated) are made with holes for the coolant inlet and outlet pipes.

Factory-made plugs for register pipes. Such plugs are more preferable for installation in DIY batteries. A varied assortment allows for a wide choice

It is also immediately recommended to cut holes (one or two, depending on the assembly project) in the wall of each pipe, with a distance of 100 - 150 mm from the end edge. These holes are intended for through-connection of pipes during battery assembly.

After cutting the holes, it is recommended to clean the inside of each pipe from slag and scale. Next, place pancakes at the ends of the pipes and carefully scald them in a circle. One pancake with a hole is welded on the first and last pipe.

Heating battery assembly

Finished pipes must be combined into a battery. To do this, determine the configuration of the radiator (if it is decided to make a lattice structure). Based on the accepted choice of configuration, jumpers are prepared - through and blind.

The material for jumpers is usually small diameter pipes. For example, d = 25 mm or d = 32 mm. Tubes for the supply/return pipes are also prepared (length 150 - 200 mm, diameter 25 - 32 mm).

Work on assembling a heating register with your own hands. For ease of fitting and precise installation, the workpieces are placed on a flat surface. In this case, all the parts are laid on a stone platform

The pipes prepared for the heating register (2 – 3 – 4) are laid out on a flat surface and aligned along the end edges. The first (upper) and last (lower) are laid out with end edges with holes, according to the selected connection diagram: one-sided (input and output on one side) or double-sided (input and output on opposite sides).

All that remains is to carefully weld the through and blind jumpers between the pipes, the inlet and outlet pipes, after which the heating register is ready for installation in the system. Before starting work, a novice master will need to study the rules of electric welding, described in detail in the article devoted to this issue.

Features of the “snake” design

The coil register is assembled a little differently. Here, instead of vertical jumpers, metal bends are used, with the help of which the end parts of individual pipes are connected.

To assemble a register with a snake you need:

Lay the pipes on a flat surface.
Weld 45º arc bends from paired bends.
Connect the paired register pipes on each side with arc bends.
Close the initial and end ends of the first and last pipes with plugs with branch pipes.

Coil heating registers are large in size due to the limited possibility of adjusting the interpipe distance. In this regard, “snakes” are superior in parameters to lattice structures. However, from the point of view of the efficiency of coolant flow, the “snake” looks like a more preferable option.

An interesting example of a coil register, no longer made by hand, but at a factory. Industrial production conditions make it possible to make more advanced devices (with fins that dissipate heat)

There are practically no air pockets formed inside such registers, which is typical for products of the “grid” type. In addition, thanks to large-diameter arc bends, coil structures have less hydraulic resistance. However, it is quite rare to make such registers with your own hands.

Difference between profile registers

An interesting design compared to those described above is a register made from a profile pipe. More compact, but no less efficient batteries are assembled using almost the same technology.

The only peculiarities of the assembly can be noted in the preparation and adjustment of inter-pipe jumpers. As a rule, welding is not used here. It is enough to have a good metal-cutting tool.

An example of manufacturing a thermal register from profile pipes. The “snake” design is more compact than from smooth round pipes. Meanwhile, the efficiency of the device on profile pipes is no worse than traditional ones

The ends of the interpipe jumpers and the register pipes themselves are cut at an angle of 45º, achieving an exact match along the edges on the connection line. If a “grid” type register is being assembled, the interpipe jumper is made with angular cuts at the ends and straight cuts at the points of supply of the central pipes.

This is the result of a register heating battery made according to a lattice pattern. Neat appearance and quite convenient form for installation in domestic conditions

After preparation, the jumpers are placed in place and carefully scalded. On the “snakes”, blind reinforcing jumpers are additionally installed parallel to the passages.

Homemade registers were widely used for domestic needs in the recent past. Now this type of heating devices is used less frequently.

An alternative to registers, especially if the garage is not connected to a centralized heating system, is a miracle diesel stove. Our proposed article will introduce you to the method of its manufacture.

Calculation of heating registers

To prevent the house from being cold and the heating to evenly warm all rooms, it is important to calculate the number of registers for each room. For purchased devices, their power is looked at in the passport and the number of devices is calculated; for homemade tubular heaters, the length of the pipes will have to be determined by yourself

Calculation of the required thermal power to heat the room

If your house is built according to a project, then data on the required power of heating devices is available in the documents - you need to find and use them.

If there is no design of engineering systems, then use traditional approximate data on heat loss:

100 W per 1 m² of room area with one external wall and one window.
120 W per 1 m² of room area with two external walls and one window.
130 W per 1 m² of room area with two external walls and two windows.

The total heat losses are calculated, the resulting power is increased by 20% (multiplied by 1.2) and the total power of all heating devices is obtained. In the northern regions of Russia, it is desirable to increase the resulting power by another 20 percent.

The power of the appliances in each room is calculated based on the above data (heat loss in the room multiplied by 1.2).

The exact method for calculating the heat loss of a house is very complex and is used by design organizations.

Calculation of register thermal power

The amount of heat (W) supplied from the pipe to the room is determined by the formula:

Where:

K is the heat transfer coefficient, W/(m2 0С), taken depending on the pipe material and coolant parameters.
F is the surface area, m2, calculated as the product of π·d·l.
where π = 3.14, and d and l are the diameter and length of the pipe, respectively, m.

∆t – temperature difference, 0С, determined in turn by the formula:

Where: t1 and t2 are the temperatures at the inlet and outlet of the boiler, respectively.
tk is the temperature in the heated room.
0.9 is a reduction factor for a multi-row device.

For a steel structure, the heat transfer coefficient to air is 11.3 W/(m2 0C). For a multi-row register, a reduction factor of 0.9 is accepted for each row.

For calculations, you can use a calculation calculator - there are many of them on the Internet, but manually is more reliable.

Heat transfer of registers made of smooth pipes. Table

The values of heat transfer coefficients for steel smooth-tube registers are given in the table.

In private homes, the temperature difference is usually 60-70 °C.

How to calculate the required number of register sections

The number of purchased registers is determined by dividing the required power by the rated power of the device.

For homemade registers, divide the required power in each room by the heat transfer of one linear meter of pipes used. The required total length of pipes is obtained. Then this length is distributed between the devices, divided by the number of pipes - their length is obtained. There are options here - there may be several short devices or one long one.

What other parameters should be taken into account

If there is a need to increase the power of the device, then it is necessary to increase the length of the pipes, and not their diameter. The efficiency of the system decreases with increasing pipe diameter.

If the system uses oil or antifreeze, it should be noted that they have a lower heat capacity than water. When using them, heating devices must have a larger area than devices in a water system.

Adviсe

Before you start making registers, you should take care of purchasing the appropriate materials. You will need pipes of one diameter or another and some length. Exact numbers are not given here, since the device of the type in question can be assembled from any pipes without focusing on their diameter and thickness. More important is to ensure optimal heat transfer, which involves carrying out calculations regarding the required surface area of the register.

To do this, you will need to determine the outer area of the entire system. The resulting value is then multiplied by 330 W. The use of this method is based on the statement that 1 m2 gives off 330 W of heat if the temperature of the medium is 60 °C and the air inside the heated room is 18 °C.

For people skilled in welding, assembling the structure will not be difficult. It will be necessary to prepare pipes and cut them into sections, and also take care of the plugs, for the manufacture of which a steel sheet will be required. Register assembly does not imply the presence of a strictly defined order of actions. Upon completion of welding work, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the created structure. Otherwise, the following advice can be given:

you should select pipes with an optimal wall thickness, since too thin ones cool quickly enough, and thick ones take a long time to warm up;
the upper section must be supplemented with a Mayevsky valve, with the help of which air is released;
assembly of the register in the form of a coil involves the use of a pipe bender; if this is not possible, the rotary sections can be assembled from ready-made elbows;
the coolant inlet must be equipped with a tap, and the outlet with a valve;
The installation of the register should be carried out with a slight slope in the direction where the supply pipe is located, which ensures that the Mayevsky crane occupies the highest position.

Calculation of heat output of a heating register

A heating register made of four smooth pipes and a flow diagram of the coolant are shown in the figure.

The diagram clearly shows how the coolant moves inside the heating register. In order to maintain certain temperature conditions in the premises and comply with SNIPs, it is necessary to calculate the heat transfer of the heating register. To carry out heat transfer calculations, you will need to download the Excel file to your computer.

Let's take a closer look at how to use the specified file to obtain results on the heat transfer of heating registers.

Initial data that may be required for calculation:

There is not a lot of initial data, they are clear and simple.

Pipe diameter D in mm is entered

to cell D3: 108.0

We write down the length of the register (one pipe) L in m

to cell D4: 1,250

We write the number of pipes in the register N in pieces

to cell D5: 4

We enter the “supply” water temperature tsw °C

to cell D6: 85

We write the water temperature at the “return” °C

to cell D7: 60

Enter the room air temperature tвв °C

to cell D8: 18

Select the type of outer surface of the pipes from the drop-down list

in merged cells C9D9E9: “In theoretical calculation”

We enter the Stefan-Boltzmann constant C in W/(m2*K4)

to cell D10: 0.00000005669

We enter the value of free fall acceleration g in m/s2

to cell D11: 9.80665

By changing the initial data, you can simulate any “temperature situation” for any standard size of the heating register!

The heat transfer of just a single horizontal pipe can also be easily calculated using this program! To do this, it is enough to indicate the number of pipes in the heating register equal to one (N=1).

Results obtained when calculating heat transfer and their interpretation

The degree of emissivity of the radiating surfaces of pipes ε is automatically determined by the selected type of outer surface

in cell D13: =INDEX(H5:H31,G2) =0.810

In the database, located on the same sheet with the calculation program, 27 types of external surfaces of pipes and their degree of emissivity are presented for selection. (See the download file at the end of the article.)

We calculate the average temperature of the pipe walls tst in °C

in cell D14: =(D6+D7)/2 =72.5

tst=(tp+to)/2

Calculate temperature difference dt in °C

in cell D15: =D14-D8 =54.5

dt=tst— tv

The coefficient of volumetric expansion of air β in 1/K is determined

in cell D16: =1/(D8+273) =0.003436

β=1/(tв+273)

We calculate the kinematic viscosity of air ν in m2/s

in cell D17: =0.0000000001192*D8^2+0.000000086895*D8+0.000013306 =0.00001491

ν=0.0000000001192*tв2+0.000000086895*tв+0.000013306

Prandtl criterion Pr is determined

in cell D18: =0.00000073*D8^2-0.00028085*D8+0.70934 =0.7045

Pr=0.00000073*tv2-0.00028085*tv +0.70934

16. Calculate the thermal conductivity coefficient of air λ

in cell D19: =-0.000000022042*D8^2+0.0000793717*D8+0.0243834 =0.02580

λ=-0.000000022042*tв2+0.0000793717*tв+0.0243834

The area of heat-transferring surfaces of register A pipes in m2 is determined

in cell D20: =PI()*D3/1000*D4*D5 =1.6965

A=π*(D/1000)*L*N

The heat flux of radiation from the surfaces of the pipes of the heating register Q and in W is calculated

in cell D21: =D10*D13*D20*((D14+273)^4- (D8+273)^4)*0.93^(D5-1) =444

Qi=C*ε*A*((tst+273)4— (tb+273)4)*0.93(N-1)

We calculate the heat transfer coefficient for radiation αi in W/(m2*K)

in cell D22: =D21/(D15*D20) =4.8

αi=Qi/(dt*A)

Grashof criterion Gr is calculated

in cell D23: =D11*D16*(D3/1000)^3*D15/D17^2 =10410000

Gr=g*β*(D/1000)3*dt/ν2

We find the Nusselt criterion Nu

in cell D24: =0.5*(D23*D18)^0.25 =26.0194

Nu=0.5*(Gr*Pr)0.25

We calculate the convective component of the heat flow Qк in W

in cell D25: =D26*D20*D15 =462

Qк=αк*A*dt

And the heat transfer coefficient during convection αk in W/(m2*K) is determined accordingly

in cell D26: =D24*D19/(D3/1000)*0.93^(D5-1) =5.0

αк=Nu*λ/(D/1000)*0.93(N-1)

We calculate the total heat flow power of the heating register Q in W and Kcal/hour, respectively

in cell D27: =(D21+D25)/1000 =0.906

Q=(Qi+Qk)/1000

and in cell D28: =D27*0.85985 =0.779

Q'=Q*0.85985

We find the heat transfer coefficient from the surfaces of the heating register to the air α in W/(m2*K) and Kcal/(hour*m2*K) respectively

in cell D29: =D22+D26 =9.8

α=αi+αk

and in cell D30: =D29*0.85985 =8.4

α'=α*0.85985

This completes the calculation in Excel. Heat transfer from the heating register from the pipes has been found!

The calculations have been repeatedly confirmed by practice!

Advantages and disadvantages of devices

Homemade metal or aluminum devices differ from conventional radiators in their dimensions. They consist of some pipes whose diameter exceeds 32 mm. To organize the circulation of the coolant, the pipes are connected to each other by pipes.

What is the reason for the popularity of these heat supply devices? First of all, the prospect of independent production. You can make bimetallic devices, metal or aluminum pipes.

Before connecting the heating registers, you should carefully study all their sides.

Advantages:

Long service life. For metal and aluminum modifications it can reach 25 years. In this case, the possibility of breakdown will be minimal.
Significant heat dissipation. This is due to the fact that the power of the devices exceeds this parameter of traditional radiators and batteries. Due to the large size of the coolant.
Easy installation and operation. Since anyone who is at least a little familiar with the instructions for organizing heat supply can correctly identify the devices, they can be used in buildings of all types. But most often they can be found in the heating system of industrial, administrative and commercial premises.

But, in addition to this, it is necessary to take into account the possible disadvantages that a register made of a smooth metal pipe may have:

Large coolant size. This leads to its rapid cooling.
Lowest rate of air convection. Reduces the efficiency of heat supply.
Unsightly appearance. Most often this applies to homemade systems.

Correctly calculated heating heat transfer directly depends on the design of the device. Currently, a number of types of these heat supply devices are used, differing not only in the production material used, but also in appearance.

Application

For the most part, registers are used in various industries. Serious dimensions and noticeable coolant consumption - all this is suitable for heating workshops, warehouses and other premises with a large area.

Heating registers provide optimal efficiency when used in industrial buildings. Conventional radiators are inferior to such heating devices, since they have better heat transfer and hydraulics. At the same time, the cost of their production is relatively low and they are cheap to operate, which makes it possible to organize heating systems that are economically beneficial.

Registers of this type are recommended to be installed in premises that are subject to strict sanitary safety standards, for example, these include kindergartens. Such devices are easy to maintain clean, as they can be cleaned from various types of contaminants without significant effort.

At the same time, heating registers cannot be considered economical. This is due to the consumption of significant volumes of coolant to maintain their functionality, which forces them to waste a lot of energy.

Application based on steel pipes is possible in heating systems characterized as single-pipe or two-pipe, regardless of the type of coolant circulation: forced or gravity.

Main classification

The registers offered by the market can be divided into two types:

Coil (S-shaped)
Sectional

Coil (S-shaped)

Coil registers consisting of several sections have become widespread. The latter are connected to each other by arcs whose diameter is comparable to the sectional one. The result is a pipe of a continuous configuration, for which the entire surface is working. The efficiency of the installations is very high.

For the manufacture of coil registers, a smooth-walled steel pipe with a high carbon content is used. The areas where narrowing occurs are eliminated, due to which the hydraulic resistance inside is significantly reduced. There are also models on the market made of low-alloy or stainless steel and cast iron.

Sectional

The most popular among private owners are sectional heating registers, consisting of pipes closed with plugs and connected to each other. The coolant is passed through the upper pipe, at the end of which it flows into the next one - and so on until the exit.

To increase the heat transfer coefficient, the transition for the coolant between the pipes is made as close to the edge as possible. Plugs between pipes come in one of two types: elliptical or flat. The inlet pipe is made to be flanged, threaded or welded.

Sectional heating registers are equipped with a threaded fitting, through which a diverter for accumulated air masses is mounted. The diameter of the main horizontal pipes varies and varies from 25 mm to 40 cm (in household appliances - up to 16 cm). The transition is carried out using pipes of a smaller cross-section. Another feature of the installations is that the maximum pressure inside should not exceed 1 MPa.

Subtypes of heating registers

In addition to their own configuration, heating registers can be divided into subtypes according to the following criteria:

Location options
Material of manufacture

How to install

There are two installation options: hang it on the wall or put it on a stand. The choice depends on the dimensions and weight of the resulting structure, as well as on the type of walls.

Quite often they do a combined installation: they weld racks, which are then attached to the wall. Even very massive registers can be installed in this way. This installation option also provides a high level of security.

Each such heating device must have an air vent at the top point. It is needed to bleed air from the system.

Selecting material for the box

When choosing a box material for heating pipes, you need to pay attention to the following points:

the general style in which the renovation was carried out;
color spectrum;
main materials used;
furniture color and design;
financial opportunities;

Based on all of the above, we move on to the choice of material. The heating pipe box can be made from:

plastic;
drywall;
metal;
wood;
glass

The glass option is very interesting and original, but difficult to install and therefore requires serious professional skills.

Installation rules

Before you begin installing a duct for heating pipes in an apartment or private house, you need to learn a number of rules that will simplify the work and avoid problems in the future.

Decorative screen for radiator

Please note the following:

The box for heating pipes, the functions of which in the case of a return line is performed by a plinth, should under no circumstances come into contact with the pipes or radiators themselves. The ideal space from the decor to the heating element is 3-5 cm.
Decorative overlays cannot consist entirely of monolithic material. They should have a grille with large cells installed so that warm air can circulate freely. Decorating the heating system should not lead to heat loss.
The installation of the box must be thought out in such a way that in the event of a breakthrough or other situations requiring work with the heating system, it can be easily and quickly removed.
If you want to hide pipes in the bathroom or kitchen, choose moisture-resistant materials. Regular drywall or plastic can become deformed when exposed to water and steam.
Regardless of what material you choose for the decorative box or baseboard, it must be attached to the frame. It is most convenient to make the frame from a metal profile.

Video

In private houses there are always several utility or technical rooms, where the requirements for the interior are low. But you still need to heat them, and in order not to spend money on buying modern radiators, you can install a steel register welded from pipes there. And, although everyone has seen such simple heating devices with their own eyes, not everyone knows their structure. This material is to help those homeowners who want to independently manufacture, install and connect heating registers to their system.

Types of equipment

Based on the material of manufacture, heating devices can be of 3 types:

aluminum;
steel;
cast iron

Aluminum

Aluminum heating registers are lightweight, have high heat transfer and are resistant to corrosion. They are manufactured using monolithic casting technology without welds and have a long service life. However, the price of such products is quite high.

Steel

The most common type of equipment. Manufactured from smooth high carbon steel pipes

They are mounted by welding, so special attention should be paid to the quality of the connecting seams

Cast iron

They have a large number of ribs. Their walls are very thick, which is why it takes a lot of time to heat up and cool down. Bolts are used to connect such pipes. Like any other design, the assembly of cast iron registers for heating requires the use of gaskets, in most cases rubber.

S-shaped or serpentine

Coil or S-shaped heating registers resemble, in appearance, a single pipe bent in a special way. This type of heating device is famous for its high heat transfer, this became possible due to the presence of a large working surface. Most often this type is installed in the bathroom. It is used for drying linen and towels, and is popularly called a heated towel rail.

Previously presented versions of devices used for space heating are based on operation dependent on a constant supply of water. However, it’s no secret that there are rooms in which there is no communication or laying one is simply not possible. And in this case, the engineers found a solution; they proposed shadow heating registers.

A distinctive feature of this type of device is the presence of a heating element in the internal cavity of the main components of the structure. Practice shows that the use of shadow registers allows the owner of the premises to minimize energy costs and such a device cools down longer, therefore, it is an effective heat exchanger.