Automation for a waste oil boiler: the best burners, making a nozzle yourself

The popularity of used oil as a source of calories in heating systems is explained by its low cost. Before the era of energy crises, car companies spent money on recycling it. With the advent of heating devices that have automatic boilers for waste oil, it became advisable to burn it, obtaining heat and carbon dioxide needed by plants as the end products of hydrocarbon oxidation, as well as nitrogenous compounds in the form of impurities.

Automation for waste oil boilers is gaining popularity.

Types of burners and their design

Oil combustion is classified according to 2 types of fuel entering the working chamber:

drip method (under the influence of gravity by gravity);
building up pressure.

The first type is used in homemade heat generators for small areas. It is considered a fire hazard and resource-intensive. The oil drips by gravity from a container located above in portions onto a hot bowl, where it burns, releasing calories.

In modern designs, the preparation of a suspension of oil with an oxidizer is carried out using the second method by injection of air.

The burner consists of the following parts and components:

liquid fuel tank;
oil pump;
exhaust filtration system to remove solid and non-combustible fractions;
nozzle;
mechanism for dosed oxygen supply to form a torch;
fuel pipelines;
exhaust gas ducts.

The burner consists of various parts.

For initial ignition, devices have been developed to independently heat the oil to operating temperatures. The design ensures complete combustion of fuel. First, a low-pressure zone is formed in the nozzle area, where the heated oil enters and is converted into a cloudy mixture with the forced air. Next, ignition and complete combustion of the petroleum product occur.

Babington burner

The weak point of designs with forced fuel supply is the nozzle. To form an air-oil suspension, its working spray hole is drilled to 1.5 mm. During operation, it becomes clogged and requires cleaning.

In a Babington burner, oil flows down a spherical surface. Gradually, its layer thins to a film. Part of the fuel is converted into a cloud under the action of an air flow from an opening in the center of the unit, which ignites and forms a torch. Unburnt waste is collected by the storage tank and returned to the reservoir through a settling tank for reuse.

The difference between this design and others is that air is supplied under pressure through the nozzle, not fuel. Pre-filtration and removal of contaminants are not necessary. It is enough to increase the fluidity of the oil by initial heating.

Diagram of a Babington burner.

Drip type

It is possible to burn the waste without preheating and pressurizing, releasing it in doses into a hot cup evaporation burner. Fuel is supplied from a separately located container. The bowl works as part of a heating boiler or heat generator. This device is not used separately, unlike true burners that can be installed in heating units of different configurations.

For liquid fuel

Mobile and productive devices include a pyrolysis burner. Oil consists of hydrocarbons, which, when burned at room temperature, are not completely oxidized, releasing a small number of calories and a large amount of soot. Therefore, it is heated to degrees when the fuel splits into fractions.

When a container with a portion of fuel is set on fire, light components of the oils begin to evaporate from the surface and evaporate into the afterburner chamber. There they burn to colorless carbon dioxide and small soot fragments, releasing heat.

Advantages of this method:

compact design;
economical fuel combustion;
environmentally friendly process safety.

The pyrolysis burner is a mobile device.

The disadvantages include the complex design of the initial ignition of the working composition, when it is necessary to heat a large mass of fuel.

Supercharged injection

This type of burner is used to create a torch with a temperature of +1200…+1400°C. The adjustment is carried out by intensive air pumping (in the metallurgy of bottled oxygen), which reduces oil consumption and increases the performance of the unit.

The disadvantages include:

complexity of manufacturing and fitting parts;
the need for fuel filtration;
mandatory installation of automation.

The design is energy-dependent and consumes 20-25 W to produce 1 kW of heat.

Let's start making our own

welding machine;
Bulgarian;
lathe.

In appearance, the burner looks like a small empty gas cylinder, with oppositely directed steel pipe sections welded on the top and bottom sides of it. The inside of the burner measures only 1 inch (2.54 cm) and its walls are quite large.

A piece of pipe at the bottom is required to supply oil and air to the part where combustion occurs. The short pipe at the top is used as the burner mouth from which the flame will erupt.

Expert tip: To set the air flow into the oven, a regular high-power household vacuum cleaner can be used.

Advantages of burners during mining

Advantages of using such structures:

absence of rubbing parts of the working area and the impossibility of their mechanical wear;
ease of manufacture in home workshops;
information accessibility (there are many drawings and manufacturing instructions on the Internet);
cheap fuel;
energy productivity of oil as a source of calories;
compactness of the working part of the device, allowing the burners to be built into heating systems that were installed previously;
developed fire safety measures.

The impossibility of mechanical wear is an advantage of the burners.

The use of these devices improves the environmental situation in the country.

Additional Tips

When using a homemade burner, there are usually increased requirements for compliance with fire safety rules

Important to remember:

Do not leave a working nozzle unattended.
It is prohibited to install the equipment in a residential area.
To heat the heating main boiler, a special room is usually made without flammable coating on the walls, ceiling and floor.
To increase operating efficiency, heavily contaminated waste is enriched with clean oil.
Reliable ventilation is built in the boiler room to remove gases and smoke after fuel combustion.
Carry out regular maintenance and equipment reliability checks.

If used correctly, a homemade burner will last for many years. The savings from using this type of heating are obvious, because the used oil has already been paid for, and if not for the homemade firebox, it would have to be disposed of.

Operating principle of a waste oil burner

From a scientific point of view, oil is a mixture of unsaturated hydrocarbons. At room temperature, it does not burn completely, and the energy stored in it remains in the form of chemical bonds.

For complete fuel utilization, the following conditions are created:

initial heating to the sublimation temperature of liquid fractions;
mixing with oxygen contained in the air;
transient combustion of the formed dispersed cloud;
utilization of heat released as a result of the oxidation of petroleum products;
removal of formed carbon dioxide and impurities from the working area.

The principle of operation of a waste oil boiler.

A range of industrial petroleum products and vegetable oils are used as fuel. The higher the viscosity of the fuel, the greater its energy saturation and the more difficult it is to convert it into air suspension.

Fuel preparation

Oil after draining from engines contains debris in the form of metal impurities. During storage and transportation, it mixes with flammable and non-flammable liquids and needs to be cleaned from foreign fractions. Therefore, it is filtered in the fuel line before being supplied to the combustion sections.

Dirty viscous oil soon damages filters by clogging them with impurities. This problem is solved by stepwise cleaning. In the tank, metal impurities are separated mechanically, passing through a fine mesh. Fine cleaning is carried out first, reducing the viscosity of the oil by heating to +100...+200°C or using heating elements. It is possible to run the oil line through heated structural parts.

Oil supply to the burner

The automatic design power supply uses forced fuel supply. It is provided by an oil pump, which creates pressure in the line. The heated waste is fed to the nozzle and forms a fine suspension, which forms a torch. Unburnt drops condense and are discharged through the return channel into the fuel tank. The synchronization of multi-time processes is ensured by the automatic design of the boiler, which regulates the flow of fuel and air.

Lighting and maintaining the fire

The fuel must burn at a temperature of +190…+200°C.

Ignition and maintenance of fire occurs at high temperature.

To achieve this indicator, systems are installed:

preheating device up to +80…+90°С;
a mechanism for saturating the mixture with excess oxygen using a turbine or fan;
electric ignition in the form of electrodes that ignite a fine cloud in automatic mode;
secondary air supply fan to maintain combustion in productive mode.

The specified set of accessories is installed when the burner is fully equipped.

Safety rules for operating the stove

Forbidden:

Use foreign materials other than waste oils;
Light a fire in the stove if the chimney is not connected or is partially damaged;
Leave the oven running unattended for a long time;
Do not allow children or pets near the operating oven;
Allow moisture or water to enter the oil reservoir or areas of the oven heated to high temperatures;
Close the holes in the burner in any way;
While the oven is operating, add oil;
Use a cracked stove or one that has even minor design defects;
Place a container with flammable liquids near the operating stove.

If you carefully read the article, you will be able to make a stove using waste from a cylinder without any problems, and thus heat a garage or other room. We wish you success!

How to choose a burner for mining

When choosing this boiler module, the determining factor is power. The fuel preheating mechanism and injector design are important.

Power

It determines the performance characteristics of the burner. Installing a 30 kW device in a 15 kW boiler is unacceptable and will lead to melting of the structure. The data sheets of store products indicate the heat transfer and the dimensions of the recommended and maximum heated areas.

Number of steps

Heat transfer power is regulated in 2 ways:

Single-stage burners heat the coolant to a given temperature. Next, the fuel supply is blocked, the boiler cools down to the set value, and the cycle repeats.
Two-stage designs operate without shutting down in 2 modes: at full power - when the system warms up to the planned levels (after which it begins switching to economical oil consumption), half or two-thirds less.

Power control is carried out by the burner.

This method of adjustment requires equipment with automation, which increases the cost of the design, but reduces operating costs by 15-20%.

If the supply of fuel and air is fully automated and is guided by the readings of temperature sensors of the coolant, heated and burned oil, the volume of incoming air and fuel, then such units are called smooth two-stage and modulating.

Size and volume

The burners are compact, their performance does not directly depend on the size of the heating devices and is determined by design solutions at the planning stage.

Burner material

Its body is made of corrosion-resistant steel parts, fuel lines are made of soft non-ferrous metals (copper) and their alloys.

Oil consumption

The amount of fuel for heating the room depends on:

heat loss of serviced areas;
territorial affiliation with climatic zones (in the Arctic region winter is colder and longer);
the amount of impurities and their effect on the caloric content of the combustible mixture;
unit efficiency;
settings of the heating device and its power;
number of working hours and temperature conditions of the heated room.

Oil consumption depends on the heat loss of the serviced areas.

The approximate figure for the middle zone of the country is 2.5-4 tons with a round-the-clock consumption of 3 liters per hour.

What is Babington's famous invention?

Every invention has its own author, even if his name is undeservedly forgotten by his descendants. For example, in 1969, British inventor Robert Babington received a patent for a stove running on diesel fuel, which was reminiscent of lighting kerosene gas operating on kerosene vapor. Robert Babington's design was originally designed for kerosene, then it was adapted for diesel fuel. When the number of cars increased disproportionately, the used oil had to be disposed of somehow. Therefore, innovators were looking for devices suitable for these purposes.

First, based on the patented invention of R. Babington, a do-it-yourself diesel burner appeared, then it was adapted for burning oil and other types of fuel. The testing device appeared much later than the diesel design, but it surpassed its predecessor in popularity and safety.

After some time, a similar device was proposed again, since the first patent had expired, and the liquid fuel stove had not lost its relevance. Similar devices were repeated in different versions, and not only self-taught craftsmen, but also design bureaus of reputable enterprises tried to assemble the Babington burner with their own hands.

By design, the burner is a simple device, so it can be successfully manufactured at home. It is characterized by fairly high efficiency in terms of obtaining the heat necessary for heating:

Burner diagram based on the Babington principle, where 1 – heating sensor; 2 – casing; 3 – heat exchanger; 4 – fuel sprayer; 5 – glow plug; 6 – supercharger; 7 – fuel pump; 8 – friction clutch; 9 – electric motor; 10 – lever for switching operating modes; 11 – fan; 12 – skeleton; 13 – fuel pipe; 14 – combustion chamber

technological installations;
small workshops;
workshops;
garages;
warehouse and utility rooms.

Using a waste oil burner

Proper operation of the device improves the financial condition of the owner and the life of the unit. It is necessary to ensure its safe use and timely repair.

Instructions

The operating mode of the burner involves temperature changes, which leads to a decrease in the clearance of the fuel lines and a deterioration in the degree of fuel combustion. To increase the operational life of the burner during testing, they draw up a preventive and service plan, shown in the instructions.

Before the operating season the following is carried out:

setting the combustion mode of petroleum products;
identification and replacement of worn parts;
cleaning or changing filter elements;
analysis of combustion products.

Before the operating season, the combustion mode is adjusted.

For objective assessment, instruments are used: pressure gauge, gas analyzer, soot measurement test.

At the beginning of the heating season, instructions are posted with the daily maintenance schedule for the burner and the frequency of cleaning it from soot.

Safety precautions

To prevent fires and other troubles when operating fuel-burning appliances, follow the following rules:

the area of contact with the burner is arranged: the walls and ceiling are covered with metal with asbestos lining and the access of unauthorized persons and bystanders is limited;
the fuel tank is placed at a safe distance;
when leaks are detected, the flow of flammable materials is blocked;
the structure is electrically insulated to avoid sparking in the oil spray area;
The heating unit is located in places that prevent the formation of drafts and air turbulence.

An operating burner must be under the supervision of a designated person.

Trouble-shooting

There are no moving parts in the fuel combustion mechanism. Malfunctions are only possible due to the accumulation of soot, which is removed by routine cleaning. Electrical appliances (fan, oil pump drive, heating elements) are repaired or replaced with working copies.

Malfunctions occur due to soot accumulation.

Application area

In the standard version, a homemade stove heats the air well during testing. Such stoves are rarely used for heating in residential buildings, since oxygen is burned out from parts of the body that are heated to the limit.

But these units are excellent for maintaining a comfortable temperature in industrial premises, as they quickly reach operating temperature.
Therefore, you can often see such ovens in car repair shops, car washes, garages, various workshops, as well as in warehouses and greenhouses.
Some craftsmen are remaking classic versions of waste furnaces: they can integrate a zigzag circuit for heating water.
In this case, you get a real water furnace in production.

For home use, such pumped-up systems cannot be used without automatic protective equipment, but for a barn and garage they are perfect.

Industrial burners in production and their features

Structures that provide space heating and are produced industrially are characterized by pre-declared properties of the heat flow produced.

When selecting a factory burner for testing, its parameters are taken into account:

the power of the device stated in the passport (it must exceed the performance of the heating unit);
number of stages and features of switching combustion modes;
complete set of air and fuel supply devices;
possibility of installing heat generators on the planned boiler.

Additionally, pay attention to the thickness of the boiler body and door to correctly select the size of the nozzle and flame atomizer, which should be thicker.

When purchasing, they take into account that factory-made products are obviously more expensive; they are modernized according to the rules and within the corridor pre-established by the manufacturer.

General information

The burner at the Babington mine appeared a very long time ago and it is quite easy to guess who its creator was. Currently, the scope of application of such mini-heating equipment is limited to heating small rooms. The interesting thing is that the burner can be assembled from scrap materials and does not require any investment. In addition, there is no need to organize a chimney, since no smoke is produced during the combustion process. However, it is still necessary to take care of good ventilation in the room. By the way, the patent for the Babington burner was withdrawn relatively recently, so in recent years the drawings of the unit have become available to everyone. But before moving on to the assembly process, I would like to understand in detail how the device works. First, a little history.

Quality burner brands

It is believed that North American manufacturers (USA and Canada) provide unrivaled quality and reliability. Their products are installed on industrial space heaters. Among European companies, German and Austrian companies are popular due to their traditional production culture. Chinese, Korean and Polish products are replicas of industrial burners for utility rooms in the household. They are distinguished by their affordability and versatility.

Nortec

The Chinese leader in climate control equipment offers budget universal burners of the WB series. Heat sources include animal fats, heating oil, waste vegetable and automobile oils, and diesel fuel. To reconfigure the system when changing the type of hydrocarbons used, it is enough to adjust the air supply mechanism manually.

Nortec is a universal burner.

Features of using universal Nortec burners:

The use of gasoline, solvent, and substances that form explosive mixtures when heated is prohibited;
to facilitate starting and ensure the stated operating mode, the oils should be diluted with diesel fuel in a ratio of 10:1;
It is not recommended to burn fresh, unused petroleum products.

Products are certified.

Euronord

The Chinese manufacturer produces Euronord burners for installation on stationary and mobile heat generators and water heating furnaces for indoor spaces. They are equipped with compressor and fan equipment for supplying oil and air. The range of models is represented by a single-stage combustion type from 16 to 230 kW.

Advantages of the company's products:

preliminary fuel purification is carried out in a filtration segment, which is more successful than a filter similar to a car one;
the air line passes through the oil heating chamber, which improves the degree of combustion of the components;
fuel heating is two-level.

The manufacturer sells products with safety and quality certificates.

Euronord EcoLogic

Euronord Ecological burners are adapted for heating structures of global manufacturers thanks to a unitary seat, which facilitates installation and maintenance work.

Euronord EcoLogic – burner for heating structures.

Operating mechanisms and functional parts are accessible without removing the entire unit.

Electronics, control unit and electrics from European manufacturers of German Siemens and Italian Fida levels.

DanVex

The Finnish concern DanV ex Oy (Osakeyhtio) offers Russian consumers ready-to-install fan-compressor burners complete with compressors of its own production. DanVex liquid fuel appliances are designed to operate on the company’s heating units, but can be integrated into designs from third-party manufacturers if the technical specifications and flange sizes match.

Olympia

The Russian company offers consumers waste oil burners of the AL model range. For domestic needs, a single-stage AL-4V device with a power of 15 to 45 kW is used. The package includes a floating fuel intake with a pump and filter on a bracket. Oxygen is pumped by an air compressor with a pressure of 2 bar. The burner is equipped with a continuous purge system to prevent parts from melting when it stops. All types of waste and their mixtures are suitable. The burner is installed on various types of liquid fuel boilers and thermogenerators.

Olympia – waste oil burner.

"Stavpech"

The boiler plant in Stavropol produces heating appliances under the Stavpech brand: boilers, air heaters, components and automation at an affordable price. It also produces “Gnome” burners with a power from 10 to 35 kW.

Its features:

fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber by compressed air from a compressor;
the oil is heated by heating elements in the fuel tank and a heater in the nozzle;
the supply of primary air is regulated by a reducer, secondary - by a fan;
Mineral and synthetic oils of industrial origin and vegetable rapeseed oil, animal fats and their mixtures of arbitrary dosage are burned.

The burner is universal and works on water heating equipment and heat generators from other manufacturers.

Advantages and disadvantages

The main advantage due to which the homemade burner at the Babington mine has gained wide popularity is its omnivorous nature, as mentioned above. In fact, you can pour any heated oil of a reasonable degree of contamination onto a spherical surface, and a properly made burner will still operate stably. It is not afraid of gasoline or antifreeze impurities, unless their ratio with oil is one to one, then problems will inevitably arise. And then, this is not at all a reason to get rid of such a mixture; for the burner to function normally using waste oil, it will need to be well diluted with the “correct” treatment, and then put into use.

Another advantage is the simplicity of the design, which is why craftsmen quickly mastered this product. Indeed, making the “heart” of the device from a ball or hemisphere placed in a body is quite simple. It is somewhat more difficult to organize the fuel supply and air injection, and even to configure the entire system so that the DIY Babington burner operates stably and safely. But there is wide scope for the implementation of various technical solutions.

Of the serious shortcomings of the unit, only one is striking. This is the constant presence of dirt in the room where the liquid fuel burner operates. Unfortunately, it is impossible to completely eliminate accidental spills or seepage of contaminated machine oil through leaks, even if all connections are sealed and an automatic Babington burner is installed. To one degree or another, the room will be dirty, you will have to come to terms with it.

Due to its popularity and simplicity, the burner for the waste boiler is made by craftsmen in different variations, but we will undertake to describe the simplest design, which will be available for repetition at home. First you need to select the necessary materials, here is their list:

Steel tee with internal threads with a diameter of 50 mm - for the body.
Squeegee with external thread with a diameter of 50 mm - for the nozzle. Its length is optional, but not less than 100 mm for the nozzle.
Metal elbow DN10 with external threads - for connecting the fuel line.
Copper tube DU10 of the required length, but not less than 1 m - to the fuel line.
A metal ball or hemisphere that fits freely into the tee is for the working part.
A steel tube of at least DN10 is used to connect the air duct.

To make a burner for testing with your own hands, you need to perform one precise operation - make a hole in the center of the sphere. The hole diameter is from 0.1 to 0.4 mm, ideally 0.25 mm. It can be done in 2 ways: drill with a tool of the appropriate diameter or install a ready-made jet at 0.25 mm.

It is not easy to accurately make such a small hole; thin drills easily break. Instructions on how to do this correctly are shown below:

Another way to make a calibrated hole in the spherical part of an autonomous burner is to insert a nozzle of the required diameter there. To do this, a hole is drilled, the diameter of which is slightly less than the outer diameter of the nozzle, and processed with a reamer. The jet is pressed inside and polished, as described in the video:

When this operation is completed, we assemble the burner based on the drawing:

A hole must be made on the side of the nozzle wide enough to ignite the unit. A large fuel heating spiral is not needed, 2-3 turns are enough. The finished product can be mounted on a mounting plate and built into any boiler, including a homemade one. At the end of the work, you need to connect the air and fuel lines, and then organize the supply of oil and air. The simplest method of fuel supply is by gravity; for this purpose, the waste container is suspended from the wall above the burner device and a tube is laid from it.

If you use a pump to pump oil, you can subsequently use control sensors and a control unit, then you will have an automatic burner that will be safer to operate. Detailed instructions for selecting materials and assembling the device are shown in the video:

If everything is done correctly and the diameter of the air hole is 0.25 mm, then the fuel consumption of the burner should not exceed 1 liter per hour. There should be no black soot during combustion; you need to achieve even burning of the torch. The adjustment is carried out by moving the sphere back and forth or changing the air pressure. Any compressor can cope with its injection, even from a refrigerator, since the operating pressure does not exceed 4 Bar.

DIY waste oil burner

It is recommended that a home craftsman master the manufacture of a heating device if there is a need to heat non-residential premises. The Babington burner, equipped with forced air, is best suited for this purpose. It is capable of processing diesel fuel, fuel oil, kerosene, and vegetable oils.

When changing the heat source, it is enough to change the diameter of the nozzle and adjust the intensity of the air supply into the combustion chamber. The design features make it indifferent to the quality of the working mixture. The fuel may be contaminated with water and metallic inclusions (sawdust).

Preparation and tools

During the preparatory period, materials are sought:

sheet metal for the heater body and structural parts;
copper and steel tubes for fuel and air (DN10);
oil reservoir and sump;
sanitary tee d=50 mm;
an oil supercharger (preferably an automobile one) with an engine for it (speed control is required);
a sphere or hemisphere-evaporator less than 40-45 mm, placed inside the tee;
Heating element for warming up the oil before starting;
valves;
bolts, nuts, fasteners.

The DIYer needs sheet metal for the body.

Tools:

converter (welding);
angle grinder (USHRM);
hacksaw for metal;
metalworking tools (vises, files, etc.).

Drawing development

Before manufacturing the unit, the burner structure is tied to the place of its operation.

Working diagrams and drawings define the details of the heating system:

device dimensions;
heat exchanger design (air or water heating);
ease of access to the working area of the device for routine cleaning of the combustion chamber;
method of fuel supply (forced or natural gravity), return collection and, based on this, placement and type of oil container;
an oxygen supply system for the utilization of unsaturated hydrocarbons into gaseous combustion products.

Drawing of a waste oil boiler.

Assembly

Possible design of the heating device and the sequence of manufacturing steps:

weld the boiler body from sheet metal or use cylindrical parts and blanks (propane or oxygen cylinders);
prepare a seat for the burner;
supply air and fuel;
a mechanism for initial heating of the oil to 80°C is installed in the lower part of the boiler.

Burner assembly:

A spray hole d = 0.1-0.3 mm is drilled in the hemisphere for direct fuel supply, or a unit is assembled with a separately manufactured nozzle. The axis must coincide with the center of the duct to create a uniform spray.
The hemisphere is fixed inside the tee, in the upper part of which a fitting for supplying oil will be welded, and in the lower part there will be pipes for collecting unburned fuel.
The nozzle is made from a muffled squeegee 10 cm long.
The air duct is equipped with a compressor to create a pressure inside the combustion chamber of at least 5 bar.
A copper pipe fuel line is wrapped around the burner 3-5 times to heat the oil.

An oil heating mechanism is installed at the bottom of the boiler.

Airflow adjustment

The oxygen in the combustion chamber is called primary. It ensures oil combustion and the creation of reduced pressure for fuel supply. To ensure complete combustion of the petroleum product, secondary air is pumped into the apparatus using a fan, the flow of which is controlled by a damper and by changing the speed of the electric motor. In an experienced way, automatic changes in operation are achieved so that the motor provides the amount of oxygen depending on the degree of its opening.

Fuel supply to the burner

The oil supply system for the device must be grounded, sealed and not clogged during the manufacturing process. The amount of supplied air and fuel must be balanced and ensure complete combustion of petroleum products; pressure electrical appliances - have parameters corresponding to the design power of the burner. It is recommended to take the oil with a fuel receiver on the float, while preventing mechanical impurities that settle at the bottom of the container from entering the system. Before combustion, the fuel is heated to a temperature of +100…+800°C.

How to make a stove from an old gas cylinder

To work, you will need sheet metal 4-5 mm thick (about 50 sq.cm), and you also need an empty 50-liter gas cylinder. In addition, you need:

Steel pipe with a diameter of 10 cm, a length of 2 m;
Valve with ½ inch thread;
A steel corner with a 5-centimeter shelf, you will need about a meter;
Steel clamps;
Loops;
A piece of reinforced fuel hose;
The brake disc for a car must have a diameter that fits easily into the cylinder;
Unnecessary freon cylinder.

DIY nozzle

The blank parts can be a metal furniture handle or a hemispherical nut. It is allowed to use a curved metal plate with a welded nozzle.

The nozzle extending into the hole of the hemisphere provides air supply to the burner. The power depends on the quality of its manufacture and the calibration of the hole. It is mounted flush with the hemisphere. It is recommended to use industrial jets (automotive; for gas equipment).

The recommended hole diameter is 0.3-0.35 mm, it provides 17-18 kW of heat. Increasing the size causes flow turbulence and deterioration of process performance. If there is a need for more heat, increase the number of holes, placing them no closer than 1 cm from each other.

You can also make a mining boiler with your own hands.

Fuel supply and barrel manufacturing

We have already figured out a little about how the Babington burner is made.
The product design, despite its simplicity, has several pitfalls. For example, you need to use a suitable pump. The best option in this case is a gear one. It is optimal for working with viscous liquids. But if there is no pump, then you can use a simple scheme for organizing the supply of fuel by gravity. But such a solution only takes place if the amount of oil in the sump, and therefore the pressure, is maintained at a high level. The barrel is a regular metal pipe 6 inches in diameter and 3 feet long. Just one nozzle is enough. If there is a pipe with thick walls, then it is best to use it, since this option is better suited for the combustion process. Pipes of this type retain heat much longer. At the final station, do not forget to install a depulsator. The Babington burner will operate without flame pulsation.

Assembling the main part of the burner

We continue to make a waste oil burner with our own hands. We have the main part ready, all that remains is to put it in the body. The body will be a tee with a pipe 200-400 mm long screwed to it. We weld or screw the nozzle to the air supply tube that will go to the air compressor. We insert the sprayer inside the tee and secure it with fittings. We make a hole in the tee into which the fuel supply tube is inserted - it should end directly above the nozzle.

The lower part of the tee will act as a discharge tube. Screw in an adapter for a thinner pipe here, connect a pipe to drain excess fuel into the drain tank. We recommend using thin and flexible copper tubes for fuel supply and removal. We have the burner itself ready, all that remains is to deal with its external parts - these are the tanks and the oil pump.

Kinds

These devices may differ from one another in several ways. First of all, if possible, regulate the power. There are three varieties:

Single stage

These are the simplest burners, the thermal output of which, also known as power, is always constant.
The amount of incoming heat is regulated by periodically turning on/off the burner.

The advantage of this device is its low cost.

The disadvantage is that all elements of the boiler, and especially the heat exchanger, operate with maximum thermal load and under conditions of sudden temperature changes. And this negatively affects the durability of the heat generator.

Two-stage

Such devices can operate in two modes: with maximum performance and half. Half mode is used as an intermediate mode for smoothly reaching maximum power, or as the main mode in relatively warm weather.

A two-stage burner is more expensive than a single-stage burner, but the boiler equipped with it operates in a gentle mode, and therefore lasts longer.

Modulated

The most expensive type of diesel burner, which is characterized by the ability to smoothly regulate power over a wide range - from 10% to maximum. Such burners do not turn off, but operate constantly - with the productivity that is required at the moment. This not only reduces the thermal load on the heat exchanger and furnace, but also eliminates temperature changes.

Diesel burner M 302

In addition, fuel consumption is reduced. After all, the operating scheme of one- and two-stage burners assumes some overheating of the coolant, as a result of which the amount of heat loss increases (it is proportional to the difference in temperature inside the room and outside).

If the boiler is equipped with a modulating burner, no overheating occurs (the temperature is maintained at the set point all the time), so heat loss, and therefore fuel consumption, becomes minimal.

Other types

Diesel burners also differ in the method of supplying primary air, which is used to prepare the fuel-air mixture. On this basis they are divided into two types:

Diffusion (atmospheric): the simplest burners in which air is sucked in due to the pressure drop in a moving liquid stream. But with this method it is not always possible to ensure the supply of a sufficient amount of oxygen, so the fuel may not burn completely. The consequences are a drop in the efficiency of the installation and the formation of a large amount of soot.
Pressurized or blown burners: Equipped with a fan that provides forced air supply in any volume. They cost a little more, but the fuel burns completely under any conditions.

Particularly powerful heat generators are equipped only with forced-air burners.

Principle of operation

In most known oil burners, the oil-air mixture is supplied through a nozzle under pressure. In contrast, in the Babington system, oil is supplied by a low-pressure pump and flows freely over a surface shaped like a sphere or close to it. The fuel forms a thin film and evaporates, carried away by a stream of air supplied under pressure into a small (up to 0.3 millimeter) hole in the center of the sphere. Oil vapor and air mix, forming a torch of the fuel mixture. This torch is ignited and heats what needs to be heated - the walls of the furnace or the liquid heat exchanger of the boiler.

Operating principle

Some of the oil does not have time to evaporate and burn and flows below the hole, ending up in the fuel collection pan. The waste then flows from the sump into the fuel tank and is reused.

To increase the fluidity and volatility of the mining, it is heated. The heated waste is sprayed into droplets of a smaller volume, which also improves the quality of the fuel mixture and the overall efficiency of the device.