Posted on December 15, 2022 Category: Mechanics |
The surface of the screw turns made from sheet blanks is close to the surface of a straight annular helicoid (or, in other words, a screw conoid). Strictly mathematically, the surface of a helicoid cannot be turned into a plane. This also means the opposite -...
...theoretically, it is impossible to obtain a helicoid turn from a flat workpiece.
But in practice, everyone often makes the working surfaces of screws from metal sheets! When deformed into a coil, a sheet blank is subjected not only to bending, but also to stretching and compression (forming). In this case, the initial thickness of the workpiece sheet changes locally! The classical theory of surfaces, of course, does not imply deformation stretching or compression of objects of study.
Next, we consider the approximate calculation of the development of a screw turn in the form of a sector of a concentric ring, which is widely used in practice, with a simple derivation of all formulas of the algorithm. A small program implemented in Excel is designed to help you quickly and conveniently calculate the auger (more precisely, the development of the auger turn).
Preparatory stage
Before you begin assembling the auger structure, you need to prepare a working tool . This list includes:
In addition, you will need a welding machine and safety glasses to reduce the risk of sparks getting into your eyes while working.
As for the pipe material, it is better to select steel elements that have increased corrosion resistance. If you take a cheap option, then after some time rust will appear on the surface.
If everything is prepared, then you can start working. To make a screw with your own hands, you must perform the following steps:
If a screw is required to work with bulk material, then the turns must be arranged continuously. Otherwise, the desired effect will not be achieved. If everything is done correctly, you will get an effective tool that will have the following positive qualities:
But all these characteristics can be obtained only if you strictly follow the installation instructions. Even a beginner can install some homemade devices.
Some tips
Some recommendations will help you make a high-quality drilling device. When working, you should consider the following:
- It is necessary to correctly calculate the diameter of the screw. The fact is that during operation the hole will differ slightly from the size of the cutting part. For example, a 200 ml element will provide a well of 240-250 ml.
- You can replace the grinder discs with regular sheet steel, the thickness of which will be about 2 mm. But it will have to be further bent and sharpened to give it the ideal shape.
- When working with the disk, you must follow safety precautions. It should be carefully and securely secured in a special vice, and cut only with safety glasses.
- To calculate the auger feather, you can use the special program “Compass-3 D”. She will do everything necessary, just enter the initial data and wait for the finished drawing. All this will significantly save time.
To extend the service life of a homemade auger, you need to clean it after each job. Remove soil from metal parts, adjust blades and sharpen them if necessary. In addition, for storage, choose rooms with low humidity.
Easy way
There is a very simple way to quickly assemble a homemade auger with two blades. These elements will fit perfectly into the ground. The only negative is that it can only be used at shallow depths, no more than 10 m.
The screw is manufactured using the following technology:
In this case, the drilling structure will make longer strokes, which means that working with the tool will be easier and faster. At this point the auger is ready.
Auger drill
Due to the large number of turns, an auger auger creates significant resistance, that is, it is much more difficult to work with it than with a garden auger. But augers are used mainly in the presence of a mechanized drive - when making a drill for deep wells - for water, for installing underground probes for a heat pump, etc.
This is what an auger drill looks like
To make a homemade auger drill, you will need several metal disks. The number of disks is equal to the number of turns. The disks are cut identically, a hole is cut in them in the center for the rod, as well as an identical sector - so that they can be welded.
A sector is marked in the rings and cut out
The discs are welded on one side, then, slightly stretching the resulting accordion, the seam is welded on the other side. Rings are welded on the outer disks. The welded discs are placed on the rod, the lower edge is welded.
It turns out to be such a big spring
Next you will need a winch. The blank for the auger is secured, the winch hook clings to the ring and is stretched to the required length, after which the auger is boiled.
Almost done
Complex option
This method of manufacturing a screw will allow you to assemble a high-quality and accurate device that will serve for a long time. First, calculations and drawings are made, then measurements are made. It is also worth preparing tools and suitable material in advance, and only then start assembling a homemade drill.
Step-by-step instructions for installing a screw mixer are as follows:
Actually, this is where the work is finished. All that remains is to make a handle and an extension cord. The first one can be made of plastic, it will be more convenient, but the last part can be made from any suitable pipe.
Instructions for replacing belts
When a belt fails, you should use these instructions for replacing it:
- First, decide which belt you are going to replace.
- Remove the cover covering the belts. It is located in front of the engine, under it you will find nuts. Usually there are six such nuts.
- Unscrew the nuts. If the drive cable prevents you from doing this, loosen it
- So, you got to the belts, remove the damaged parts.
- After installing new belts, you need to spend some time tensioning them. Find the optimal distance at which they will be well tensioned.
- Screw the nuts back and return the cover to its original position.
- The auger gears are available in 20- and 24-tooth types.
For more information about replacing belts on a snow blower, watch the video:
Making a screw with your own hands
In a country house, in the absence of a centralized water supply, they equip an autonomous one - a well or a well, and to drill a well, in order to save the budget, they do not rent a drilling rig, but drill with a homemade auger, which makes the process cheaper, although it makes it a little more time-consuming. You can make an auger with your own hands in one day: it is enough to have some tools and materials for this, which will be discussed, as well as the manufacture of an auger with your own hands is described in detail.
Drawing for making a screw spiral
Screw manufacturing procedure
Before making a screw with your own hands, prepare the material. A 120-centimeter piece of pipe is taken as the body, the ends of which are cut evenly with a grinder. Next, you need to cut a square with sides 200 x 200 mm from sheet steel, drill Ø 40 mm in the center of the square and make a slot with a grinder from the center in any direction to the edge. This will be one turn of the conveyor spiral, of which several will need to be made. To make it round, the square is cut by welding or a grinder to the shape of a circle with Ø180 mm, the spiral is bent so that the pitch between the turns of the spiral is within 80-100 mm.
Schematic diagram of the auger interturn feather
You should end up with a circle, the beginning and end of which do not coincide in the plane. This part will serve as a template: you will need to attach it to a sheet of steel, outline the outline with a pencil and cut out the next circle. It is better to paint these blanks immediately to protect them from corrosion, and after assembling the structure, paint them again.
With a pitch between spirals of 100 mm, 12 spirals (feathers) must be cut for each auger segment. The rings are secured to the auger axis by welding, and to each other too. After welding, the seams are hammered and cleaned of scale with a rasp.
A profile pipe is needed to make the auger mounting system. The pipe is left open at the top to allow water to flow into it. To produce an auger, water is simply not poured under the grain. The profile pipe is inserted 2/3 into the round one and welded, and the gaps between the pipes are closed with pieces of sheet steel. In a square pipe, step 2 cm away from the top and drill a through hole Ø 10 mm.
Auger drawing
The manufacture of the receiver, which is located on the back side of the auger, involves welding four steel sections that follow the contours of the profile pipe. Departing 2 cm from the lower end, a through hole Ø 10 mm is also drilled, through which the entire structure is fixed using a bolted connection. It is better not to use a threaded connection so that when the screw rotates in reverse, the structure does not become disconnected.
Blueprints
A self-made drill is good because its design is “tailored” to its owner. During the manufacturing process, everyone makes their own changes, then many more refine the product. But it can be difficult to do without basic drawings. This engraving contains several drawings with the sizes of various drills. As you understand, the dimensions are arbitrary; they can and should be changed, adjusting them to the size of the required wells.
Shovel drill
There is no point in making a serious structure for planting plants. In this case, you can make a garden drill from a shovel. Choose a high-quality shovel made of good steel, apply markings as shown in the drawing. According to the markings, you will need to cut out two small fragments and saw the lower part in the middle to a depth of 30 cm (pictured).
Shovel drill
Next, the edges are bent one forward, the other back, and the petals formed in the lower part are folded towards them. The resulting seams are boiled outside and inside.
Drill for soft soils
If the ground is soft, the conventional design does not work very well. For such cases, there is a special drill with an extended cutting part. It is a kind of glass with slits on the sides. The cuts are equipped with cutting edges. They are best made from well-hardened steel.
Drill for soft soils
This drawing shows an interesting handle design - it can be rearranged as the length of the rod increases.
Basic drawings of auger and garden auger
Both of these units work well, but the garden one has to be taken out often, and the auger one is harder to rotate. Choose according to your own preferences.
Auger and garden auger for soil of different densities
Detailed projection drawing of an auger drill
Garden auger drawing
Manufacturing of screws: technology and equipment
The operation of various mechanical devices is based on the use of a screw. A similar part is represented by a screw, which is characterized by a certain shape. An example is the installation of a screw in conveyors designed to move various bulk materials. This design has become very widespread and is represented by a combination of a wide variety of components.
General information about the device and areas of application
When considering a screw, it should be taken into account that it is a type of screw, which is characterized by an increased area of turns. The features of such a detail are the following:
Despite the rather complex shape, to reduce the cost of the product, it is made by hand. A home-made version will be able to withstand long-term operation, however, errors made during calculations and manufacturing of the part can cause the screw to be completely unsuitable for use.
Preparatory stage
Most often, the part is used as the main element of a screw conveyor. In addition, it is possible to use the part for drilling wells. The manufacture of screws should begin from the preparatory stage. Its features are as follows:
The correct shape of the finished product depends on the correctness of the preparatory stage. That is why it is necessary to create a blank from cardboard, after which it is applied to the main part and the main parameters are checked. The screw can be made from a variety of materials; if you choose durable steel, you can count on a long service life.
Notes.
Let me remind you that the calculation of the auger turn is an approximate one! Attempts to improve it most often have neither theoretical nor practical meaning, since the accuracy of the surface of the coil depends on the method of its shaping.
If it is necessary to obtain high accuracy, the dimensions of the workpiece development can be adjusted for each specific case individually based on the results of experimental measurements. Sometimes it is rational to introduce additional mechanical processing of diameters on a lathe after forming and welding.
What is the accuracy of the scan obtained using the presented program?
A coil of a helical conoid with the parameters specified as initial data (see screenshot above) has a mass of 191 grams according to simulation data in one of the CAD programs. The mass of the unrolled coil according to the Excel program is almost 197 grams. The difference is 3%. Sweep more! Perhaps the diameters should be reduced? Don't rush to draw conclusions. If the thickness of the sheet in the example under consideration is only 0.05 mm less, the masses of the workpiece and the theoretical coil will become equal.
According to unconfirmed data, the dimensions of the reamers obtained using the considered formulas are 1.4...1.8% larger than the actually required dimensions.
The thickness of the screw turn blank sheet ( s ) and the material density ( ρ ) are involved only in the calculation of mass ( G ), so entering these values into the initial data when calculating only the geometric dimensions of the reamer is not necessary.
I ask those who respect the author’s work and who want to receive information about new programs on the site to download the file with the calculation program after subscribing to article announcements!
Link to download the file with the calculation program: raschet-razvertki-vitka-shneka-v-excel (xls 171KB).
Making a screw
The applied screw manufacturing technology allows us to obtain a high-quality and precise part that will last for a long period. At the same time, a screw can be made from a variety of materials, which are characterized by certain properties. The production technology is represented by the following steps:
Both ends of the shaft are created in such a way that bearings can be installed. They must be designed to withstand a sufficiently large load. Do not forget that a drive is also required that will transmit rotation from the engine to the executive body. Augers can be of various lengths and geometric shapes, it all depends on the purpose of the device and the area of application.
Belt application device
There are two types of belts used in snow removal equipment; they do different jobs, but the principles are the same. In both cases, their task is to transmit torque from the drive shaft to the driven shaft. The first belt transmits the moment of force to the auger, and the second distributes it to the wheels.
Due to their strength and similarity to the structure of chains, timing belts are used on snow blowers. They are more convenient and lighter than regular ones, transmit torque well, and are easier to secure in hard-to-reach places. Among other things, belts are divided into two types:
The first type is more likely to be found on the auger; it is more elastic and durable, and is more difficult to deform. The second type is suitable for transmitting high torques in both directions; it is more often used for wheels.
Now it is clear that belts are integral structural elements, without which work is not possible. It is for this reason that it is important that they remain intact during operation, because they are one of the most frequently broken parts in a snow blower and wear out very quickly at the most inopportune moment.
If, while clearing snow, you suddenly notice that the wheels or augers are not responding when you try to operate them, you can be sure that you will have to replace one or both belts.
You can carry out the replacement work yourself, this will save you some money, but first you need to understand what exactly caused the belt to fail.
Calculation of the feather of a screw conveyor or auger
The most important parameter is the size and geometric parameters of the auger feather. Special programs are used to determine properties. An example is KOMPAS-3D. This program also includes a package that allows you to automatically perform calculations when you enter the following information:
As a result of automatic calculations, you can obtain a detailed drawing on which the main parameters are indicated. In addition, the usual formulas can be used to determine the main parameters.
Designs and Applications
There are three main designs of earth drills:
- Garden. Usually these are two semicircular blades welded at an angle to one another. A hand drill of this design is used to organize holes for planting plants, which is why it is called “garden”. But the same tool is used to make holes when installing posts for fences, gazebos and other light buildings.
An example of a homemade earthen garden auger - Auger drill. It differs in that it has a longer cutting part. It is used for the same purposes - to make holes for pillars. Due to its design - a longer cutting part - it needs to be removed less often, so drilling usually goes faster.
The auger drill is distinguished by spirally wound several turns of the spiral - Drill for TISE piles. This design is similar to a garden auger, but has an additional folding blade to form the expansion at the bottom of the pile characteristic of this type of foundation.
Folding blade - features of the TISE pile drill
Garden earth drills that are easier to make. Depending on the type of soil on which drilling is carried out, their design is slightly modified. This is the beauty of homemade drills - they can be “sharpened” to specific conditions and it’s not just about the size - the blades can be made removable, bolted on, but also about the design features. Yes, ordinary drills in the store are inexpensive, but they are “universal”. They work well on “light” soils.” On loams, clays, marl, etc. they are ineffective.
How to make a screw with your own hands at home
You can make an auger with your own hands at home if you have a small number of common tools. In this case, the screw made can last for a long period. The main recommendations for performing the work include the following points:
Today, plastic versions have become quite widespread. Their production is possible by designing the product in a special program, after which printing is carried out on a 3D printer. This option is characterized by increased accuracy, but can be used to transmit small forces.
Homemade drilling devices
We also manufacture an auger in cases where a drilling rig is needed. The work carried out is characterized by the following features:
All elements of the product in question are welded with a welding machine. In this case, attention should be paid to the quality of the seam, since even minor defects reduce the strength of the connection.
Materials used fixtures and tools
To carry out DIY work on making a drill auger, certain materials and tools are required. In this case, you can make not only turns for the auger with your own hands, but also many other elements. To work you need the following:
To make a spiral for augers, it is recommended to choose steel with increased corrosion resistance, since rust may appear on the surface with use over time. Some tools for making an auger are in a regular mechanic's kit.
Source
Causes of malfunctions and repairs
There is no way to protect the belt from wearing out; at some point it will still have to be replaced, but there are some operating tips that will help the belts “live” longer:
- Take breaks from work; long-term non-stop operation of equipment leads to the fact that all structural elements become very hot. Such conditions will very quickly destroy the belt, and will not have the best effect on the car as a whole.
- At the same time, you should not turn the snow blower on and off too often. This also has a detrimental effect on the operation of all parts.
- You should never forget that any technique loves caress and lubrication. Regularly lubricate all parts, this will significantly increase their life.
These tips will help you delay the death of your belts, and your car will certainly thank you for it.
With the help of minitrator you can remove snow in your garden or in the city.
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