An air compressor is necessary for every car owner, since using the services of car services for any problem is very expensive. For a city car enthusiast living in a multi-story building, a compact, portable electric tire pump is sufficient. If you have your own garage, a compressor device is already a mandatory measure. The device is useful for connecting pneumatic tools, for repairing and painting cars. It is quite possible to make a compressor yourself, which will help save up to 50% of the cost of a production installation.
Operating principle and design of the compressor
The main working unit of the device is the air blower. When planning to make a compressor, it is necessary to take into account differences in operation depending on the purpose of the device.
If when inflating car tires the uniformity of air supply does not play a special role, then for the effective operation of the spray gun this is a prerequisite.
A storage tank called a receiver will help ensure uniform air injection.
Mechanical engine charging: what you need to know
Let's start with the fact that installation of any type of supercharger (mechanical or turbocharging) is possible on both injection and carburetor engines. In both cases, a number of modifications to the power unit are expected, however, installing a turbine on the engine is somewhat more difficult and expensive compared to a compressor.
It becomes clear that a mechanical supercharger is a more affordable way to increase engine power; such a solution is easier to install on the engine, and the work can even be done independently. At the same time, the general principle of operation of the supercharger is quite simple.
We also recommend reading the article on how to install a turbocharger on a carburetor engine. From this article you will learn about the features of installing a turbocharger on an engine with a carburetor, as well as what needs to be taken into account when such an installation.
The device can actually be compared to an attachment (generator, power steering pump or air conditioning compressor), that is, the unit is driven by the engine. As a result of the operation of a mechanical compressor, the air is compressed and enters the cylinders under pressure.
This allows the cylinders to be better purged (ventilated) from exhaust gas residues, cylinder filling is significantly improved, the amount of air in the combustion chamber increases, which makes it possible to burn more fuel and increase engine power.
The operation of a compressor gives the same result as a turbocharger. The only difference is that a turbocharger uses exhaust gas energy to rotate the turbine wheel, while a mechanical compressor is connected to the engine crankshaft via a belt drive. Naturally, this type of drive takes some power away from the internal combustion engine, but the advantage is the simplicity of the design.
Also, the compressor has a direct dependence on engine speed. The more the engine is revved, the more air is supplied to the combustion chambers and, accordingly, the power increases. At the same time, there is no pronounced effect of turbojam (turbolag), which is found on turbocharged engines. Turbo lag manifests itself in the form of a failure at low speeds, when the exhaust energy is not yet enough to spin the turbine and create the necessary pressure to effectively supply air to the cylinders.
If we talk about installing a mechanical compressor on an atmospheric carburetor or injection engine, you need to understand that the engine still needs to be prepared (changes in the compression ratio are taken into account, hardware modifications are made, the ECU firmware on injection engines is changed, etc.).
In other words, all work is carried out comprehensively, which further allows the forced power unit to operate successfully and stably without significantly reducing its service life. Now let's look at some of the features of this installation.
Preparatory stage in the manufacture of a compressor
At the planning stage of assembling a homemade compressor, it is necessary to decide what will act as an air blower. It is reasonable to use components from old household appliances or internal combustion engines for this purpose.
For various works in rooms of limited area, the most acceptable option is a 220 V device, assembled independently. The advantage of such electric compressors is their low noise level.
A similar do-it-yourself compressor for painting or applying airbrushing is preferred by workers in private automobile workshops that perform body work.
Another story
Let's start with drawing up the technical requirements for the fruit of our own engineering. Let's say it all started with the purchase of a new double-action airbrush. Therefore, the issue of manufacturing a compressor unit with a receiver became extremely necessary.
A dual action airbrush has the ability to control the air flow as well as lock and open the air duct. In Europe, such a device is used with a separate compressed air cylinder. So, a compressor with a reservoir serves as a container for collecting air, and the airbrush uses this air.
Of course, the main component is the compressor. Here an old refrigerator will come to the rescue, from which you can remove an excellent compressor. To do this, you can go through websites that sell refrigeration equipment.
We decide on the price and order delivery, but before that we also need to write down the name of the manufacturer and visit the website. So, in our case, the manufacturer is Danfoss. On the company's website we download the technical description of the compressor.
Next, we’ll consider an option like a do-it-yourself compressor receiver. Here, of course, you need a reservoir that was made to contain gases or can withstand high pressure. It is optimal if such a container meets the requirements of GOST. Therefore, we immediately exclude containers such as a plastic canister or bottle. Let's look at the tank options:
- Carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Withstands pressure - 10 atmospheres. Capacity – 3 l/5 l/10 l. Cons: the inlet has a metric thread.
- Hydraulic accumulator. Good capacity capacity, with low operating pressure. There is a convenient thread at the entrance. Disadvantages - it needs fine-tuning, since from the inside it is divided into a membrane that contains carbon dioxide. The membrane must be removed.
- Oxygen balloon. Withstands high pressure. Cons: Only extremely heavy models are available.
- Propane tank. In general, they are similar to a fire extinguisher, but the manufacturer does not recommend their use for compressed air.
Links
Once we have decided on the compressor and selected a suitable product for the receiver, the next step is to combine them. In addition, it is necessary to solve the problem of air supply to the airbrush.
You can start with a unit that is attached directly to the receiver and will ensure air distribution. It must be recalled that the key factor is its compatibility with the receiver connector. Next, we pay attention to the pressure switch, which will ensure that the compressor is turned off and on.
The best option for the relay would be RDM-5, which is used for plumbing systems. This model is widely available for sale, and the good thing is that its connecting element is designed for external inch threads.
simple compressor
Then we determine the pressure indication in the receiver. For this we need a 10 atmosphere pressure gauge; it also has a suitable connection size. And we will also need a static device.
Next we are working on the air preparation unit. Pressure must be applied to the hose that leads to the airbrush. Accordingly, there is a need for a gearbox with a pressure control limit of up to 10 atmospheres, and it is desirable that it be accompanied by a pressure gauge and an oil separator filter.
Using a pressure gauge, we will monitor the pressure, and the filter will ensure that particles of compressor oil do not enter the receiver. But it should not be confused with a lubricator filter, which performs a diametrically opposite function.
Let's continue collecting materials, and it's time to prepare fittings, turns, and tees. We take inches as the base size. To determine the quantity, you need a diagram of the air distribution and preparation unit.
We will also need external and internal adapters. If you wish, you can make a plan diagram of how to make a compressor. The next stage is the placement of the finished structure. Chipboard boards may be an option.
Of course, in order not to swear while moving the station around the workshop, it is advisable to immediately resolve the issue with the roller legs. Any furniture store will be happy to sell them to you. To save space, you can make a two-story structure. True, long bolts may be needed. So, let’s summarize the planning stage with a list of components:
- Compressor;
- Receiver;
- Pressure switch;
- Pressure gauge;
- Filter reducer;
- Emergency valve;
- Fittings, adapters;
- Plumbing gaskets, fum tape, sealant;
- Cables, switch, plug;
- Flexible oil-resistant hose;
- Chipboard sheet
- Roller legs, bolts, nuts, washers and tools.
What to make a receiver from
The simplest receiver for a compressor intended for small volumes of work can be easily made from a tubeless car wheel. It should be taken into account that after modernization the wheel cannot be used for its original purpose.
If you need to make a compressor for large volumes of work, then it is recommended to use a gas cylinder or any type of fire extinguisher as a container.
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What can be made from an old refrigerator compressor?
The compressor in a refrigerator is used to move vaporous refrigerant through thin tubes, so this part is used in homemade installations in which gases are compressed. The compressor cannot be used as a water pump, but any inert gas can be successfully transported or compressed with it.
These properties are used by home craftsmen to make the following products:
- Compressor for inflating tires.
- Compressor spray gun.
Each home-made device, which is used at home, is manufactured with minimal investment of time and money. Such compressors will practically not differ from factory products.
Pressure gauge and other parts
Making a powerful home compressor will require an emergency valve to reduce the pressure in the receiver if necessary, and a standard pressure gauge.
Experienced experts advise equipping even the simplest compressor, made from a car wheel, with an emergency valve for personal safety.
Adjusting the pressure
So, after assembling the structure, it is quite natural to check it. To do this, you need to connect a spray gun, or, alternatively, a pneumatic gun. Then, without turning on the toggle switch, we connect the plug to the network.
compressor made from a vacuum cleaner
We set the control relay to minimum pressure and supply power to the supercharger. Don't forget about the pressure gauge, which allows you to control the pressure in the tank. After we managed to make sure that the relay turns off the engine, we need to check the tightness of the connections.
A classic soap solution can help here. If the system has passed the leak test, you can bleed any remaining air from the reservoir chamber. Please note that if the pressure drops below the established limits, the relay must start the compressor. If all systems are in working order, it is possible to begin painting any part.
At the same time, you should not burden yourself with pre-processing of the metal. It is important for us to set the pressure required for painting the product.
Such experimentation will give us the opportunity to determine the atmospheric value so that any product is painted in a uniform layer. In addition, it is very important that this entire process occurs with a minimum amount of blower activation.
Thus, we can summarize the results. Making a car compressor is a lifting activity for every car enthusiast.
Of course, it’s hard to argue with the fact that the second version is more complicated and will take more time to manufacture, but thanks to the automatic pressure control system, as well as the presence of a supercharger start, working with such equipment will be an absolute pleasure.
In addition, you will no longer need to control the receiver's camera. Such a station will allow you to paint a car, a fence in a village or a garage door.
For long-term operation of the created compressor, it will be necessary to carry out periodic maintenance. You can use a syringe to drain the oil. In this case, unscrew the filler hole, put a hose on the tube and pump out the waste. Fresh oil can also be pumped in using a syringe. Filters are changed as needed, including if the rate of filling the tank chamber decreases.
Simple DIY compressor
The instructions on how to make a compressor of the simplest design assume the use of an old wheel on a disk.
To create a primitive device, you will need an air supply fitting and an automatic valve. A nipple or spool valve, which can easily be found in a spare parts store, is suitable as a fitting.
To install these parts, you will need to drill two additional holes in the wheel rim. The parts are mounted in them and the wheel is assembled.
A pump for supplying air is attached to the fitting, and a hose for venting air to the airbrush or spray gun is attached to the second.
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Homemade devices are convenient to use for various small-scale household jobs. You can make them from units and components of household appliances or cars.
To successfully solve this problem, it is recommended to study the detailed instructions. For a more detailed understanding of the process, it is useful to watch a video on the topic.
Principle of operation
A homemade compressor works according to a simple scheme:
- An electrically powered or manual pump can be connected.
- Air under pressure enters a sealed container (a receiver or cylinder is used).
- The design includes an outlet valve that directs air through hoses to the spray gun, impact wrench, adapter for inflating tires, etc.
As auxiliary elements, a pressure gauge is used to control pressure and an automatic system for bleeding excess air. To prevent rapid wear of the device and ensure high-quality work results, filters are connected to the output line to protect against the penetration of oil and moisture.
An air compressor is essential for every car owner.
Compressor made from refrigerator parts
Making a home compressor from a refrigerator with your own hands is quite a feasible task, even for not very experienced mechanics.
To work you need to prepare:
- compressor from an unnecessary refrigerator (with relay);
- emergency automatic valve;
- pressure gauge, reducer;
- receiver container (gas cylinder);
- automobile filters (for gasoline and diesel engines).
The best option for assembling the device is a motor-compressor from a Soviet refrigerator. It is recommended to equip such a compressor with a support frame made of a metal profile pipe.
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In addition, to assemble the device you must purchase:
- switch (toggle switch);
- reinforced hose;
- plumbing (tees, tubes, clamps).
Assembly
It is best to use the following materials:
- Device for inflating wheels.
- Gas cylinder.
- Connection kit.
The seal is removed from the top of the cylinder and the inside is cleaned. Next, a cross with a pressure gauge, a shut-off valve and an air outlet is installed.
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If desired, the engine can be welded directly to the cylinder, which is mounted on wheels for ease of use.
Operating procedure
- The refrigeration motor is equipped with three outputs. You need to mark the inlet and outlet holes for yourself. The sealed outlet is used to change engine oil. It needs to be cut off, drained of oil, filled with new oil (synthetic or semi-synthetic) and sealed.
- It is necessary to remove the outlet valve from the cylinder and remove the cap. The cylinder is cleaned of traces of corrosion and contamination from the outside and inside, and the lid is replaced. An adapter and a cross are placed in the lid.
- The upper pipe is intended for a pressure gauge and a tee. Another pipe is used to install a safety valve.
- Then you should make a frame for the device.
- The motor and receiver cylinder are attached to the base frame.
- Fuel filters should be connected to the inlet pipe.
- The wiring is done using a pressure switch, a toggle switch and a start relay. It is important to install the starting relay immediately in the correct position according to the mark.
- The tube through which air will be supplied must be connected to the receiver.
- Then you need to install a pressure gauge and a hose with a locking outlet.
Making a compressor from a refrigerator with your own hands is cost-effective and easy. The device does not make much noise during operation and is quite mobile. If regular movement is necessary, it is easy to equip the frame with wheels.
Connection and setup
The general diagram of the compressor installation shows that the pressure switch is located between the unload valve and the secondary control circuit. Most often, a pressure switch for a compressor has four threaded heads, one of which connects the device to the receiver, and the other connects a pressure gauge to monitor readings. The third can be fitted with a safety valve, and the last has a quarter-inch threaded plug in the thread. With a free connector, the user can install a control pressure gauge at his discretion.
The pressure switch is connected according to the following sequence:
- The device is connected to the unloading valve of the receiver.
- Install a control pressure gauge or plug.
- The engine control circuits are connected to the contacts.
- If there are fluctuations in the voltage network, then the connection is made through a surge filter, including when the contact power is greater than that available for the motor load current.
- If there is a need for this, the relay is adjusted through the adjustment screws to the required air pressure.
The connection is accompanied by checking that the voltage in the network matches the factory settings of the pressure switch. For example, a three-phase network of 380 Volts requires the use of a three-contact group, and for 220 Volts a two-phase group must be used.
The adjustment is made when the receiver is at least two-thirds full. The relay is disconnected from the network, the top cover is removed and the compression of the two springs is changed. The operating pressure limit is determined by an adjusting screw with an axis of larger diameter. On the board next to it there is a pressure mark in the form of the letter P and an indication of the direction of rotation of the screw, with the help of which the specified parameter is changed. The second screw helps set the required difference ΔP and has an indicator in which direction it rotates.
To speed up the adjustment process , in some cases the adjusting screw is pulled out, which changes the upper pressure level. Control is carried out according to the readings of the pressure gauge on the pressure regulator for the compressor.
Air compressor made from car parts
To operate pneumatic tools, craftsmen make an air compressor with their own hands. Devices of this type are made on the basis of the engine and compressor from a ZIL truck. It should be taken into account that such a unit makes a lot of noise during operation.
The assembly is carried out according to the installation diagram, the engine is placed separately. Such a device must be equipped with an emergency valve to reduce pressure. You can study the installation of this compressor in detail using video tutorials.
Compressor Maintenance
Periodic maintenance and following simple rules, which are indicated in the operating instructions for the device, will significantly increase the service life of the equipment. At the time of purchasing a compressor, you must make sure that you have a passport, a warranty card and a factory inventory of components. Otherwise, the service center may refuse service.
The general recommendations of equipment manufacturers and service center specialists sound like this.
- When starting the unit for the first time, we must check the oil using a dipstick. Select lubricant (technical composition) taking into account the operating instructions. After starting, let the engine run idle for 10-15 minutes.
- The oil is changed to a new one after 500 hours of operation (we keep a record book). After draining the waste, the container is cleared of accumulated dirt.
- Before using the tool, it is necessary to lower the pressure to normal if it is too high.
- The air filter should be cleaned at least once a week. Many manufacturers recommend changing it every quarter, especially when the equipment is actively used.
- At the end of each working day, it is necessary to drain the accumulated water from the receiver.
- At the end of the work, the air is bled off and the equipment is completely de-energized.
- When the compressor is idle for a long time, the platform and moving parts of the air valve must be lubricated.
- Keep the device clean. The entry of dirt into the system is fraught not only with a loss of pressure, but also with failure of the main components of the compressor.
Particular attention should be paid to equipment grounding for all non-current-carrying metal components. In a good half of cases, manufacturers output the corresponding conductor to the plug. All that remains is to ground the outlet itself where the device will be connected.
Compressor from a vacuum cleaner
Making a compression device from an old vacuum cleaner is a controversial issue. It is difficult to consider such a device as a full-fledged compressor. It’s easier to call it a spray gun for painting surfaces that are insignificant in every sense of the word: walls in the basement or fruit trees in the garden.
For these purposes, Soviet-made vacuum cleaners even had lids with a hole for spraying paint.
Varieties
When planning to install a supercharger yourself, you should immediately decide on the type of device. There is a homemade option, but ready-to-install systems are also sold.
The second option is more preferable.
The mechanical supercharger is driven and has largely the same design and operating principle. But the drive itself may be different. As is the price of the entire unit.
The drive can be:
- direct (from the crankshaft directly);
- belt (toothed, flat or V-belt);
- with gear transmission;
- chain;
- electric.
As for the superchargers themselves, there are several varieties.
Cam
. The oldest option that can be found on cars with high mileage. There are also modern analogues. The most famous is Roots. He is a blower among the people. Expensive, but they don't justify themselves in terms of performance. That's why demand is low.
Screw
. The device resembles the previous version. It is distinguished by its compact size and solid performance indicators. But the price also exceeds cam analogues. Screw assemblies are mainly used on expensive sports cars.
Centrifugal
. The most popular and widespread option at present. Outwardly it resembles a turbocharger. Relatively inexpensive, light and compact. They can be installed on cars without any problems and can be used in different installation methods.
Aquarium compressor
In terms of the cost of the necessary parts, a homemade compressor for an aquarium is practically not inferior to a ready-made device. Therefore, there is always a question about the feasibility of such work.
The price of ready-made aquarium compressors is low, so craftsmen rarely make them themselves.
Why do you need a receiver in a compressor?
A receiver is a container for storing liquids or gases during compressor operation. The device performs the following tasks:
Compressor device - diagram
- Accumulates the working mixture during compressor operation.
- Delivers compressed air to one or several consumers.
- Regulates the pressure of the working mixture at the outlet of the compressor.
- Accumulates and removes condensate that forms.
- Helps reduce vibration, noise and load during compressor operation.
The compressor receiver is made of high strength material. To store liquid and gaseous substances under a load of up to 2.0 atmospheres, containers made of high-strength plastic and rubber are used.
To store substances under a load of over 2.0 atmospheres, metal containers are used. The material used for them is steel with the addition of special additives. These additives increase the strength, anti-corrosion and thermal resistance of steel.
Compressor for car painting
Most often, they make their own devices for painting car body parts.
The key to success in making a reliable and convenient compressor for painting will be the purchase of a durable receiver. The motor from a household refrigerator is not suitable for a device for this purpose. The best option is a car compressor and a 220 V electric motor.
An important part of a piston compressor is a special filter for removing condensate. Place it in front of the hose that supplies air to the spray gun. It is recommended to choose a filter with a fairly durable housing that can withstand high pressure.
Instead of hoses, for the reliability and quality of operation of the device, it is more reasonable to choose copper tubes and a reinforced hose.
Auto compressor modernization
You can make a mini compressor for connecting a spray gun or airbrush from a car pump, improving it a little. Modernizing the compressor will increase its power (performance) and will consist of adapting it to a voltage of 220 V (instead of 12 V), connecting the device to the receiver and installing automation.
Adaptation of the device to 220 V voltage
To connect the car pump to a 220 V network, you will need to find some kind of power supply unit (PSU), the output of which will be 12 V and the current strength suitable for the device.
Advice! A power supply from a computer is well suited for this purpose.
You can find out the current consumed by the device by looking at its nameplate. In this case, the power supply from the PC (see figure above) will be quite sufficient in terms of current and voltage.
So, if you plug the electrical cord into your PC's power supply and turn it on, nothing will happen. This is explained by the fact that the power supply will not turn on until it receives a signal from the PC. To simulate turning on a PC, you need to insert a jumper on the connector coming out of the power supply. You will need to find among the many conductors one wire that is green and the other wire that is black, as shown in the following photo.
These wires can be cut and twisted, but it is better to short them with a jumper.
Next, you need to find 2 more wires at the output of the power supply: one yellow, this will be “+”, and one black with the polarity “-”. You can take any wires of these colors from any bundle of conductors.
Since the car pump has a plug for connecting to the car’s cigarette lighter, you can cut it off and connect the device with the corresponding color wires from the power supply.
But it will be better if you buy a car cigarette lighter and connect it to the power supply, and connect the device itself using a standard plug.
There are 3 wires coming out of the cigarette lighter: red – “+”, black – “-” and yellow – “+”, intended for connecting the LED. Connect the conductors to the cigarette lighter, observing the polarity (see photo below).
If you insert the plug from the device into the cigarette lighter, you will get a 220 V electric air compressor, capable of not only inflating tires, but also working with an airbrush.
Connecting additional elements
To connect the device to the receiver, you need to assemble the structure shown in the diagram below.
This harness includes the following elements.
- Crosspiece having all outputs with BP1/2. The marking means: “BP” - internal thread, “1/2” - thread diameter in inches.
- The tee has all outlets with HP1/2 (“HP” - external thread).
- Valves in the amount of 2 pcs. (BP1/2 – BP1/2). Designed to block air movement in both directions. Double marking means that there is an internal thread on both sides of the valve.
- Check valve. Designed to allow air to flow in one direction only. You can install a simple spring valve BP1/2 - BP1/2. If you plan to work with a pressure of 6-7 bar, then it is necessary to select a check valve that does not have plastic parts.
- A straight nipple is an adapter with 2 external threads (HP1/2).
- Transition nipple HP1/2 – HP1/4. Allows you to change from one external thread diameter to another.
- Extension (60 mm) HP1/2 – HP1/2. This is the same nipple, only straight. That is, the thread at both ends has the same diameter.
- Transitional coupling. It is an adapter from an internal thread of one diameter to an internal thread of another. In this case, from BP1/2 to BP1/8.
- A tee having all outlets already with HP1/8 thread.
- Direct coupling VR1/8 – VR1/8. Has 2 identical internal threads.
- Adapter for HP1/8 hose.
- Pressure regulator (pressostat) with moisture-oil separator. The pressure switch allows you to maintain the air pressure in the receiver not lower than the minimum and not higher than the maximum permissible level. A moisture separator may not be installed if the unit will be used as a tire inflator. When using the unit for painting, installing a moisture-oil separator is a must.
The above piping diagram assumes 2 outlet fittings: the first for venting air to the spray gun (airbrush), and the second for inflating tires.
- Transition nipple HP1/4 – HP1/8.
- The fitting (HP1/4 - BP1/8) is an adapter from a larger diameter external thread to a smaller diameter internal thread.
- Pressure gauges. These devices allow you to visually monitor the level of air pressure in the receiver and at the supply to the main line.
When assembling all elements, it is necessary to use thread sealant, for example, fum tape. Pressure gauges can be connected via cut-offs of high pressure hose. The latter should be pulled onto the adapters and secured with clamps.
Advice! It is recommended to place gaskets made from a larger diameter hose under the clamps. They will prevent the clamps from damaging the high pressure hose.
Pressure gauges can be screwed directly onto the thread, without using hoses, if you do not need to display them on the front panel of the unit.
What the compressor piping looks like when assembled according to the diagram is shown in the following photo.
The receiver for a car compressor can be made from a large-diameter metal pipe welded on both sides, a fire extinguisher or a gas cylinder. If the compressor is supposed to work only with an airbrush, then a regular tubeless wheel from a passenger car can serve as the receiver.
Important! When selecting a container for the receiver, you should take into account the fact that the car pump can operate for no more than 10 minutes. continuously. Accordingly, the volume of the receiver should be small (about 20 liters) so that the device can raise the air pressure in it to the required level before 10 minutes have passed.
Compressor for smoke generator
It’s easy to make a compressor for a smoke generator with your own hands. The secret of success lies in proper calculation of the power of the device.
The following parts will be required:
- fan unit (mounted from an axial fan from a computer);
- plastic containers with a capacity of 10 liters;
- tees for water pipes;
- tube or durable hose;
- variable resistance resistor.
Operating procedure.
- The fan is mounted in the slots of the plastic container and securely fastened.
- The outlet hose is placed in the neck of the container. The connection must be airtight.
- To adjust the speed, a variable resistance resistor is included in the fan power circuit.
The main purpose of this device is a constant supply of air with low pressure.
Working mechanism
To simplify the procedure, the engine can be a compressor from an old Soviet-style refrigeration unit. There is one positive point here, namely the presence of a compressor start relay.
disassembled compressor
Soviet models are superior to their foreign competitors by producing higher pressure. After removing the executive unit, it is necessary to put it in order, freeing it from accumulated rust.
A rust converter will help treat the compressor to prevent further oxidation. In this way, the working motor housing will be prepared for subsequent painting.
Installation diagram
After completing the introductory part, you can start changing the oil. After all, if you don’t cheat, there are very few refrigerators that have managed to undergo regular maintenance or oil changes. However, this course of events is also completely justified, because in this case the system is completely isolated from atmospheric influences.
So, semi-synthetic oil is quite suitable for this procedure. Moreover, it is no worse than compressor oil and has a sufficient number of useful additives.
We go further and find 3 tubes on the compressor, 2 of which are open, one is sealed. In our case, open tubes will be used for air circulation (inlet and outlet). To understand how air moves, you need to apply power to the compressor for a short time. Then remember or write down which air duct draws in air and which, on the contrary, releases.
The purpose of the sealed tube is for routine oil changes. Therefore the closed end should be removed. A needle file will help us with this; we need to make a notch around the circle of the tube. In this case, you should make sure that chips do not get inside the compressor.
After that, it is necessary to break off the end of the tube and drain the oil into any container in order to determine its volume for subsequent replacement. Then we take a syringe and fill in the semi-synthetic, but in a larger volume than was drained.
When the oil is filled, you need to turn off the engine lubrication system. This can be done by selecting the required screw, after which this screw is wrapped with fum tape and screwed into a tube. This is a good time to remind you that oil droplets will sometimes leak out of the supercharger air outlet tube.
Therefore, an oil and water separator for a compressor will come to the rescue.
When the indicated work is completed, it is time to begin assembling the installation. You need to start by strengthening the engine with the starting relay on a wooden base, so that it is in the same position as it was on the frame.
This is necessary due to the sensitivity of the compressor relay to spatial position. To determine more precisely, an arrow should be drawn on the top cover. It is important to maintain accuracy here, because the correct switching of modes will depend on the installation of the compressor.
Air container
An excellent solution to the problem would be fire extinguisher cylinders. This depends on their ability to withstand high pressure; in addition, the cylinders have a significant margin of safety and are excellent as attachments.
So, let's take the OU-10 fire extinguisher as a basis. Its working volume is 10 liters. According to the technical characteristics, the cylinder can withstand pressure of 15 MPa. Now we need to unscrew the locking and starting device from our workpiece, and then screw in the adapter.
In this case, if traces of corrosion are detected, they must be removed with a rust converter. Of course, external removal is not difficult, but internal removal will require patience. Therefore, we pour the converter inside the cylinder and shake the contents.
After cleaning, you can screw in the plumbing cross. Thus, two working parts of our compressor installation were prepared.
Installation of parts
To make it easier to store and move working parts, it is best to place them on one base. As mentioned earlier, you need a wooden board, which will serve as the basis for securely fastening the engine, as well as the fire extinguisher body.
simple compressor
Therefore, we will use threaded rods to mount the engine, which must be threaded into pre-drilled holes. Of course, in addition to everything you will need nuts (washers).
Then you need to position the receiver in a vertical position; 3 sheets of plywood will come in handy here. In this case, you need to make a hole in one sheet for the cylinder. The remaining sheets are attached with self-tapping screws to the main board and glued to the sheet that holds the receiver.
But, the day before, you still need to hollow out a recess in the wooden base for the bottom of the receiver. And finally, to make the structure maneuverable, you need to screw furniture wheels to its base.
After everything has been done, you need to protect the system from possible dust. A gasoline coarse fuel filter will come to the rescue. It will serve as an air intake.
This will involve the rubber hose and the supercharger inlet tube. It should be noted that there is low pressure at the inlet of the compressor station, and, therefore, strengthening the contact using automobile clamps is not necessary.
Thus, we have created an input filter for the compressor unit. At the outlet of the station, you need to install an oil and water separator that will block the entry of water particles. The power system filter will be used here. Due to the fact that the pressure at the outlet of the compressor station is increased, automobile clamps will be used from this point.
So, the turn came to the oil-water separating filter. In this case, it must be connected to the input of the gearbox, which is needed to decouple the reservoir and the pressure output of the supercharger. This means that we screw the outlet into the previously prepared cross on the left side, and screw in a pressure gauge on the right, thanks to which we can control the balloon pressure. You need to screw in the adjusting relay on top of the cross.
The presence of an adjustment relay will make it possible to set the height range of the receiver pressure, as well as interrupt the power supply circuit in the supercharger in a timely manner. When it comes to the actuator, it is recommended to use PM5 (RDM5).
With the help of these devices, the compressor will turn on if the air pressure in the tank drops below the set level and turn off if the specified parameters are exceeded.
The required pressure is adjusted on the relay using two springs. The function of the large spring is to create a minimum pressure, while the small spring is responsible for regulating the upper limit, essentially setting the shutdown limit for the compressor unit.
PM5 (RDM5) were primarily produced for the purpose of use in the water supply network; in fact, these are ordinary two-contact switches. In our case, one contact is used for the zero connection of the 220 V network, while the second contact goes to the connection with the supercharger.
We conduct the network phase through a toggle switch to connect to the second input of the compressor station. If there is a toggle switch in the electrical circuit, we can quickly disconnect the system from the network, which will save us from running around towards the outlet.
Naturally, all connections must be soldered and carefully insulated. After this, you can paint the finished installation and carry out test tests.
Using a compressor as a washing machine
A simple additional device will allow you to make a sink from a compressor with your own hands.
- To do this, you need to purchase a blow gun and some plumbing items.
- The operating principle of the washing gun is based on the fact that it is equipped with an additional air inlet.
- Through the tap and quick-release connection, water enters the nozzle-gun, rests against the tee and passes through the nozzle. The air entering the gun creates additional pressure, making the water jet more powerful.
It is easy to use such a device for blowing parts.
Let's start assembly
The ideal would be to dismantle the fire extinguisher assembly and weld the adapter fitting. An alternative way is to unscrew part of the valve, leaving the internal mechanics and removing the control element, then screw an adapter with an internal inch thread to one outlet, and an adapter from 1 to 38 to the other.
Using an adjustable wrench, twist the adapters according to the diagram. Next, we install the reducer, pressure gauge, pressure switch and adapter for a flexible hose.
The next step is to screw the wheels to the chipboard sheet. Since the structure will be two-level, you need to drill holes for the studs. After that, we put the fire extinguisher in its place.
In the case of using a hydraulic accumulator, the assembly diagram is even simpler, since it has brackets at the top and bottom. Therefore, the lower fasteners are screwed to the base, and the upper ones are used to install the compressor.
In our case, the second floor needs to be built. To do this, markings are made, holes are drilled, and the upper and lower floors are bolted together. After which a compressor is installed on the second floor. Silicone gaskets are suitable to reduce vibration.
When installing the compressor, we install washers. We screw the air distribution module to the tank. Using a hose and clamps, tightly connect the compressor outlet and the inlet of the air preparation unit.
Now it's time to work with the wiring diagram. It would be appropriate to install a jumper. Protective elements will also come in handy. The connection line must pass through the relay and switch. The connection itself will proceed as follows.
From the plug the phase wire goes to the switch. Then it is connected to the desired relay terminal. If there is no ground wire, connect the neutral wire to the relay ground terminal.
Already from the relay, the phase wire and neutral wire go to the compressor station drive starting device and are connected according to the diagram to the required terminals. Next, install a jumper on the terminal block of the starter by soldering.
It will ensure the connection of the windings to the phase. Cables can be wrapped in plastic ties. We check and start the installation. Then we paint it.
Next article: Do-it-yourself painting of plastic car interior. Previous article: Painting a car with mother-of-pearl.
Checking a homemade compressor
Before using a homemade device in practice, it needs to be checked.
First of all, it is necessary to inspect all connections for their reliability and tightness, and check the tubes and hoses for cracks.
When working with a compressor, the pressure level must be monitored using a pressure gauge.
The air pressure can be easily adjusted using the adjusting screw.
When using a homemade compressor, it must be periodically inspected for wear on the hoses and loose fasteners.
The advantage of a homemade device, in addition to its low cost, is its simplicity of design. This allows the owner to repair the compressor with his own hands.
Additional design ideas on how and what to make a compressor from can be easily gleaned from a photo of a homemade compressor.
Performance
It is directly related to power, but at the same time it shows how much air passes through the compressor per unit of time.
In order for a homemade device to operate for a long time, it is necessary to ensure that the engine constantly operates in high-intensity mode. Plus, you need to ensure good cooling and lubrication of the piston system.
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Since this is extremely troublesome to do and there may not be any special results from it, you need to find another way out. For example, use a receiver.
The main role of the receiver is to accumulate high pressure within itself, using a powerful compressor.
The use of such a device imposes certain restrictions related to the size of the receiver. But if it is large enough, the time of use may be enough to perform the necessary manipulations. As a last resort, you can take a short break to allow the compressor to restore pressure.
DIY compressor photos
Single-chamber and dual-chamber receiver device
The compressor receiver consists of two main elements:
- container (cylinder);
- gearbox
The reducer is designed to regulate the pressure when the working mixture leaves the vessel.
There are two types of gearboxes:
- single-chamber;
- two-chamber.
Single chamber gearboxes
Single chamber gearbox diagram
Such gearboxes have one low-pressure chamber. The gas from the cylinder first enters the high pressure chamber. There is a shut-off valve between the chambers. Under high load the valve is in the closed position. The valve is opened using a special screw on the gearbox.
Gas from the high-load compartment enters the low-pressure chamber. The working mixture is supplied to consumers.
To control the pressure in both chambers there are pressure gauges. A safety valve is used to regulate the load. When the load increases above the set norm, the valve automatically opens and gas flows out.
The simplicity of the device allows the use of single-chamber gearboxes for the production of standard compressors.
Compressor check valve device
Double chamber gearboxes
Receivers with such reducers have two low-pressure chambers. They are located sequentially, one after another. The workload reduction process is smoother and more precise.
Double-chamber gearboxes are capable of operating at low temperatures. They differ in the complexity of their design. Used in industrial installations with high compressor power.
Two-chamber gearbox design
Compressed air reservoir
The air tank is a necessary element that is necessarily included in the compressor device. It must be designed for a certain amount of pressure in order for the device to work correctly. We can use old containers from ten-liter fire extinguishers as a receiver - they are durable and airtight.
Instead of a start valve, we screw a threaded adapter onto the receiver - for tightness we use a special FUM tape. If the future receiver has pockets of rust, they must be removed by grinding and treatment with special means. In order to eliminate pockets of corrosion inside, pour in the product and shake well. Then we install the water cross using sealant. We can assume that the homemade receiver is ready.
We use an old fire extinguisher as a reservoir for compressed air
