Weaving loom - how to choose the right one and make it yourself, features of use

Nowadays you can buy almost all home craft products in stores. But sometimes you don’t have the money to buy it or you want to make something yourself. Recently, the variety of interiors has simply gone off scale. Designers often use antique items to create a unique and unique atmosphere in the home.

Many people cannot afford to hire a designer and purchase unusual decorative elements, so you can make such items yourself. For example, woven carpets will add color to the interior. And if they are made on their own, they will delight you every day. Moreover, with them your home will become cozy and warm. In addition to carpets, you can make napkins or lampshades. All these items are made using a loom.

Previously, with the help of a device such as a loom, towels with patterns, tablecloths, rugs, sundresses and shirts embroidered in different colors appeared in homes. Not a single holiday would be complete without patterned towels. They also decorated people's huts.

All these things were made using a handloom. The first looms were large wooden structures. There were weaving looms in almost every house. And they were taught to use them from childhood. The skills of patterned weaving were passed down to the younger generation. Ancient looms were mostly shuttleless.

If you are interested in an activity such as weaving, then you can make a loom with your own hands at home. The loom is widely used in the modern world. The shuttleless table loom is also designated as STB. It is used in the processing of various fabrics to obtain finished products.

History of the Slavic woven rug

Among the Slavs, the production of floor mats, paths, and bedspreads was considered a “grassroots” technique. Initially, this craft was practiced only for the needs of ordinary people. These products did not require a high level of skill, as required by weaving lace and weaving thin fabrics. And the most primitive devices were used for their manufacture.

And most often, floor runners were woven from old fabric items that had served their purpose. Strong durable threads were used as a base, but strips of fabric were transverse. Homespun paths were popular among the Slavs in the 19th century.

Sometimes flax waste and straw were used to weave rugs. Such items were usually placed at the very entrance to the huts. For the manufacture of both, a village loom made of wood was most often used.

The scheme of work is quite simple. Transverse threads are pulled between the stretched warp threads by interlacing. From time to time they need to be compacted with special reeds that resemble combs. They were used to knead transverse rows into a continuous sheet.

From fiber to thread

Coarse twigs or stems were not suitable for making fabrics; thin, even and strong threads were needed. Since ancient times, people have obtained fiber from the stems of flax, nettle, hemp, from the fleecy pubescence of cotton seeds, and from animal wool.

The fiber was spun into thread . A lump of fiber was mounted on a spinning wheel - a stick with a slingshot. A bundle of fibers was pulled out of the lump and attached to a spindle a spindle whorl attached to it . The spindle was twisted and released. Hanging in the air, it quickly rotated, twisting the fiber into a thread. The rotation was supported by the weight of the spindle whorl, and a twisted thread was pulled out of the fiber. The finished thread - yarn - was wound on a spindle.

Spinning

The simplest weaving device

The easiest way is to make a frame on which you can easily make a small-format tapestry. In fact, this is a simple weaving loom, where the main work is done by the master himself. You can call the frame a hoop, which is convenient for the master to work on, since this device can be carried and installed in any convenient place.

It is enough to simply place two slats parallel to each other and put nails on them. The warp threads are pulled onto them. Weft - transverse threads - are pulled by hand using a shuttle.

You can use simple, regular weaving. Then the canvas turns out to be one color. To do this, the shuttle is pulled first under the even warp threads, then under the odd ones. By changing the color of the weft, you can make transverse stripes on the product.

To complete the ornament, more complex weaving is required. Then the shuttle is passed under the warp threads no longer in a checkerboard pattern, but depending on what pattern the master decided to use.

If you place a printout of the design under the stretched warp threads and use several different colors, then it is quite possible to create a real painting. These products are called tapestries and require patience, time, and skill from the manufacturer.

General development trends All new weaving machines introduced are generally characterized by a transition to an efficient electronic platform with integrated control. With the help of an increasing number of sensors and adjustment mechanisms, the tasks of control, monitoring and regulation in the rupture zones are simultaneously solved within milliseconds, in order to independently ensure that the machine maintains a high level of functioning as far as possible. In addition, electronics facilitate the solution of numerous status issues, online monitoring or remote diagnostics, optimize the production process and provide cost-effective control. The leader in this development is undoubtedly Lindauer Dornier GmbH (Germany), which with its FT system can control the drive of 6 machines and therefore install a very efficient and fast Windows-based electronic platform on its new weaving machines. This revolutionary increase in efficiency in the electronic control system is essential for the series-produced Dornier SincroDrive. It serves for the separately driven main motor and the motor for the shedding mechanism, as well as for both additional axes (?) of weaving using Open Reed Weave technology, which is now very popular in weaving. A new generation of electronic devices for machines from companies such as Picanol NV (Belgium) with its BlueBox, Itema (Italy) with Loom-Browser was also presented. Thanks to new control systems, the consumption of both electrical and pneumatic energy is reduced by 5-10%, which saves both energy and material. At the same time, due to the properties of the drive, higher flexibility is achieved when opening the jaw. With a long heald height, a separate drive is preferable to a heald-lifting carriage, even from the point of view of energy savings. Today, there is a clear tendency to adapt machines to the characteristics of production. Thus, on the one hand, there are weaving machines that are uncompromisingly simplified and specifically tailored to the respective focused product segment, and on the other hand, there are very flexible machines that, thanks to a modular design based on standardized components, are designed for a wide range of products. In both cases, manufacturers are trying to offer a high level of performance and ease of use. Manufacturers of special machines also demonstrated interesting developments that combine universal technologies, especially for the production of technical textile materials. In addition, there are economically attractive combinations of already known individual innovations. Unfortunately, sometimes it turns out that very “smart” developments, such as, for example, a tension-regulating device during rewinding from Memminger-Iro GmbH (Germany) for a homogeneous, gentle introduction of the weft thread into a rapier weaving machine, an active rapier system from Sultex (Itema) Ltd.) (Switzerland) and Jakob Müller AG (Switzerland) or the new motion geometry of the dobby carriage from Grob Horgrn AG (Switzerland) do not get a “start in life” due to insufficient demand or for cost reasons. Preparation for weaving To prepare the warp, the company Karl Mayer Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH (Germany) offered two interesting new products. For sizing, a new Pro Size sizing bath has been created, which allows you to avoid the classic wetting by placing in a solution for preliminary and main sizing and instead use an economical spray application system. Thanks to the combination of spray application and subsequent squeezing rolls during sizing, 3 highly turbulent application zones with intense flow are created, in which a homogeneous film of the substance is formed on a group of threads running in the form of a web, with a decrease in the consumption of the working solution. The compact design of the material guides of the main shafts allows the warp to be processed in a much wider range of linear warp thread densities. In each case, the threads are directed without crossing and untwisted. To obtain finishing effects, you can use both sizing with high concentration and viscosity, as well as pastes and foams. To produce patterned and processed warps for medium length yarns, Karl Mayer offers the new patterned warping machine Multi-Matic, which is very efficient and covers warp threads up to 1500 m long. It works with the famous drum patterning mechanism, which allows feeding up to 128 threads. The basis of the machine is formed by 128 placement pins, which are arranged radially along the circumference of the drum and, using a linear drive, carry out very fast and precise placement of threads with a lift of up to 400 mm for the corresponding large cone chuck. With a warping speed of up to 800 m/min, this machine fills the gap between the Gom 24 and Nov-O-Matic models. Based on classic thread feeding, the Multi-Matic frame processes yarns made from a variety of fiber types, ranging from silk and natural fiber yarns to filament yarns made from almost any yarn, with no restrictions on thread tension. Both sensor-controlled and motor-adjustable thread brakes are located on the warping frame: Multitens for a narrow tension range of 3-220 cN and RotoTens for a wide tension range of 30-550 cN. The latter can be used for yarn of high linear density with the direction of the thread through a thread guide roller, which operates with a braking force of 80 cN. Rapier weaving machines In rapier technology, there are currently 2 types of machines in demand on the market: machines that guarantee gentle, material-saving and quality-assuring processing of very sensitive yarns, and very high-performance machines that uncompromisingly fulfill the requirements of economical, high-speed drafting carriages. The first type includes the new adjustable rapier system from Picanol and the concept of a loom with a single lever rapier from SMITTextile SpA (Italy). A representative of the second type can be called the new Silver 501 from Vamatex (Itema) with unlimited possibilities in terms of rapier weaving technology. Thanks to the use of a synchronous motor, a screw drive for the rapier band and an optimal geometry, the moving mass is minimized and the low-vibration running of the machine is combined with simultaneous savings in drive power of 0.5 kW. The number of parts in the machine has been reduced by 1/3, which allows you to save on spare parts. It features a lightweight, highly wear-resistant aluminum SK rapier system. The main part of the new rapier head is monolithic and hardened using a ceramic nano-coating. The receiving thread grabber is supported by permanent magnets when opening to ensure a short reaction time. The active rapier G 6500 from Sultex, introduced 4 years ago, no longer requires monitoring. Active transfer of weft thread is carried out in Picanol machines. The positively operating system is mainly used in the segment of technical textile materials with a large nominal width - up to 540 cm. Examples of the use of this width in mass products are carpet backing or geotextiles with coarse mono- and multi-complex threads. Thus, an interesting alternative to rapier technology has appeared on the market. Another unit that Picanol offers for rapier looms is the EcoFill, a pneumatically operated double clamp for holding the weft on the interlining side. Similar to Dornier's DuoColor, this unit replaces the edge formed by an additional thread on a two-color dyeing machine, saving material. Another new feature is the electronic EFT weft tensioner, which, thanks to a very long brake plate, can evenly pre-tension uneven or knotted yarns. SMIT demonstrated the One rapier weaving loom, which is based on the new smart GS 960 platform. It is an innovative weaving machine with the highest level of performance. Its architecture, which has no analogues in the world, expands the boundaries of the fabric manufacturer's capabilities and allows for completely new production solutions that can meet the highest requirements. It features single-rapier weft insertion and modernized mechanical and electronic components that ensure high product quality, flexibility in use, ease of machine adjustment for different product types, energy efficiency and the possibility of customized technical solutions - features that meet the priority requirements of the market at present. Using the SMITTEXTILEONE weaving machine, you can produce high-quality fabrics for a wide variety of applications: for clothing, for upholstered furniture, technical fabrics, as well as use non-standard types of yarn. Since monorapier technology does not involve the transfer of weft thread from one rapier to another, it allows for the best quality of fabrics with a high weft density and makes it possible to work with a low level of yarn tension. In addition, thanks to fewer rapiers and, accordingly, their drive mechanisms, the energy consumption of the weaving machine is reduced. The machine is designed primarily for the use of very different weft threads for the production of materials for household items and fashionable clothing. The receiving thread grabber moves the weft threads across the entire width of the fabric. By eliminating the transfer to the middle, very sensitive yarns can be inserted evenly and with little tensile force. Thanks to the continuity of the laying, we can talk about increased productivity. In addition, this concept, according to the manufacturer, has a positive effect on energy consumption and adjustment costs when changing products. It is also necessary to mention the developments of the Jakob Müller company. As a result of increasing cases of plagiarism, the new Mgrip rapier is equipped with RFID. If there is no feedback signal from the original rapier, the loom will not start. As mentioned, high-frequency thread tension control is not carried out when weft thread accumulates. Monitoring and regulation of weft thread tension using Iro's TexsionMaster is also regulated via communication and visualization via the loom panel. As an alternative, LGL Electronics SpA (Italy) offers an independent weft measuring device, Tens, with a thread tension sensor. It responds to a shift in the measured tension level by applying a brake ring to the pre-winder. Air-jet shuttleless weaving machines The focus of new developments in air-jet shuttleless weaving machines is the control of air direction for efficient and air-saving weft insertion. Two Picanol developments represent new principles for saving air. They are implemented in the new air-jet shuttleless weaving machine Omniplus Summum. To reduce the relatively high air consumption of the relay nozzles, Picanol, together with Air Wave, offers a partially adjustable three-tank system to supply them. Both during the yarn acceleration phase on the weft insertion side and during the yarn pulling phase on the feed side, relatively high air pressure is required. For both these zones, Picanol has provided a suitable container with manual air pressure control. In the middle zone it is possible to work with significantly reduced pressure in the relay injectors. This third zone is provided by another tank, which automatically adjusts the pressure to the existing conditions. In this way, in addition to the temporarily adjustable moving field blown by the relay nozzles, it is possible to independently set a reduced pressure in the machine nozzles. For main injectors there is usually a corresponding capacity for each filament system. An exception is the special control from Dornier, which, thanks to its “intelligent” servomotor, supplies the appropriate pressure to the main injectors from a common tank. Picanol has introduced the new FillMax main injector, which features an extended port with a locking outlet. With the Cordless clamping system to reduce material waste on the feed side, Picanol, like other manufacturers, completes the range of savings potential of air-jet shuttleless weaving machines. Toyota Industries Corp. (Japan), which is known for relay nozzles operating in 2-tank systems, is concentrating its efforts on air conservation through the reed channel circuit. The previous asymmetrical cross-section of the channel ensures that the relay nozzles are deeply immersed in the channel. So the thread is securely fixed in the center of the thread. Thanks to the special shape of the reed tooth, the flow rate increases by 30%. Additional components such as efficient valve control, a low-friction balloon restrictor and dual tandem nozzles are coordinated components and complete the package of air-saving measures, which according to the manufacturer amounts to 20%. Itema, in the course of product development, has combined the proven Mythos and L5500 components into the economical air-jet shuttleless weaving machine Sultex A9500. A noteworthy sensor for this loom is the laser-optical camera system Kinky Filling Debector KFD from Barco (Belgium) for recognizing loops on the weft thread in the last 20 cm of laying. Loops due to improper pulling are detected in real time and the machine stops immediately. Tsudakoma Corp. (Japan) demonstrated the power of its Concent Model shuttleless air loom. Increasing the rigidity of the shafts with carbon fiber, electric machine reinforcement and a frame with a heald bar, together with a polymer heald, contribute to a high speed of shedding with a low level of vibration and noise. Thanks to the new electronic control, fine adjustment of the air consumption of the separately controlled relay nozzles is possible. A high level of information about the machine's regulation and its production status allows us to judge future components of the series. Shedding Dornier has introduced an important innovation regarding shedding in weaving. Both the Open Reed Weave technology with weaving in other weaving axes in ground fabric and the Dornier SincroDrive with its extended degree of freedom create a new standard in modern shedding. Great importance is attached to the Open Reed Weave technology used in the new rapier weaving machine P1 or the pneumatic shuttleless loom A 1. It was awarded an innovation prize at the Techtextil fair. In both weaving systems, the threads are wound into the fabric through 2 additional weaving axes at any angle between 10° and 170° with respect to the weft direction. Linear motors, which are located on both front healds of the new generation of weaving machines controlled by the FT system, move the transversely moving eye needles. If you need to get an embroidered pattern on fabric, then use a weaving method based on the principle of embroidery using Open Reed Weave technology. The main premise is a reed that is open at the top, into which the threads are immersed at any point with eyelet needles. Eye needles, moved along the reed when embroidering, displace the dense part of the main threads when subsequently lowered to the place required for embroidery. At the same time, the warp threads are moved apart by the corresponding tooth of the reed, between which the main embroidery threads are placed. Typically, this method works with a high-density reed, and the yarn guide shift has so far been 60 mm. For large area technical fabrics, Open Reed Weave technology is used under the term multiaxial weaving. Dornier presented this method on video at the fair. The difference between embroidery and weaving is that the needles for laying out make a lateral shift up to 300 mm. Thread placement systems are guided by specially formed reed teeth into the designated distance between the teeth. The basis of the work lies in multilateral leno weaves, obtaining multiaxial fabrics with diagonally running threads or reinforced placement of threads along a certain contour corresponding to the load. For traditional shedding and jacquard weaving, Dornier relies on the SincroDrive concept. Its advantages are obvious. Independent starting of the weaving machine motor and the shedding drive ensures a gentle start-up of the machine units in the absence of a peak surge in energy consumption. The synchronization of both drives at a large number of revolutions softens the acuteness of the problem of raising the first tireless threads. The best circular movement of the machine reduces vibration and wear. During operation, the duration of the zev is flexibly adapts. Stäubli International AG (Switzerland) as an exceptional manufacturer of remisive carriages offers the third generation of these carriages of the rotational type. Using an improved mechatron locking system, it offers weavers with a greater reliability of choice when laying, a calm move and, thus, higher performance. A completely different measure to provide a high -and -and -home -like calm move, careful handling with the base is offered by Picanol using its DirectArp Control rock system. The principle of Dynamik Warp Guide is similar to the Dornier sentence: a light springy plate directly responds to the movement of remiz. Additionally, the stiffness of the plate can be adjusted through the hinge -like pneumatic elastic element of the suspension by changing pressure during weaving. This rock system can be used for sensitive and very little stretching yarn. Special weaving machines in the area of jacquard weaving machines showed two interesting combinations. So, Tsudakoma for the first time in 12 years introduced a hydraulic, tinting Teking machine of the ZW 8100 type, which is connected to the Unined 2 without the Arcade Grive of GITEC. The advantage of this compound is detected only when the laying using a hydraulic nozzle is used on the basis of the absent stroke down the arcade garter for time -consuming weaving interweaving and the appearance of the ability to weave without a slope. This is spectacular in the manufacture of OPW security bags. Savings as a result of refusal of Shlicht allows you to reduce production costs by 40%. The second interesting jacquard combination was shown by Mageba Textilmaschinen GmbH & Co. KG (Germany). The shuttle ribbon machine of the new SL-MV series, due to its flexible possibilities for installing a pharynx using the Unital 100 of Stäubli, turned into a universal special machine for the production of shaped and voluminous fabrics. Due to the formation of up to three yawns and a programmable drive for four levels of shuttle, you can carry out an individual or synchronous laying of tireless threads on each other. The high-regulated V-shaped berdo allows you to weave materials of various widths and contours of the edge. The maximum weaving width is 30 cm. Among the heavy carpet machines, Schönherr Textilmaschinenbau GmbH (Germany) introduced a two-year-old D-LoOP Rapier Teking machine for the manufacture of unilateral rod, unstable carpets. For loop formation, instead of a embedded rod, the gasket of auxiliary tireless threads is carried out by the upper rapier system, while in the lower rapier system there is weaving of ground tissue. With the help of lanceolet, the distance between the ground fabric and the auxiliary threads on which the pile thread forms the loops is determined. Before laying fabrics, auxiliary threads are pulled out of the carpet. With the help of jacquard control, you can create patterns on carpets using 3 effects: binding the main threads in the ground; With the help of talious threads in the upper rapier system or thanks to loops of various heights based on numerous solar threads. Based on these characteristics, the carrot machine up to 6 m wide with a two -leaf rapier technology is still unique. Van De Wiele NV (Belgium), in contrast to this, offers a two -leaf carpet RCI 03 carpet for the manufacture of rods of unreleased carpets 5 m wide. The manufacture of both main fabrics is carried out similarly using the first and third levels of rapier. The average rapier system, on the contrary, paves auxiliary talious threads that are used to form loops for both carpets. Also, a very interesting development for the manufacture of carpets is the automatic loading of the bars of pile threads using a robot. Depending on the need for the length of each pile thread, the bunker bunker compartment from the bobin is replenished. This load occurs until a strip of fabrics at the end of the base from the previous load occurs. This is already used for rough carpet yarn and improves for the piles of the machine. Summarizing, it can be argued that along with numerous improvements, 2 new technologies were presented, which should be noted especially. Against the background of small partial manufacture of partial improvements to the foreground, well -known main directions of development come to the fore: saving materials and energy, increasing productivity depending on the field of application and improvement to facilitate labor using mechatron control capabilities. The general picture of the presented developments clearly confirms the high level of weaving technology, which remains competitive. ME AND. Summary Source: Melliand Textilberichte, 2011, No. 4, 248-251

Round weaving loom

The hoop for making products does not have to be rectangular. To create round rugs, you will also need a frame of the appropriate shape.

If you take a hoop and pull the warp threads so that they cross in the center, you can easily achieve this. In this case, weaving starts from the center, and the rows are arranged in a circle, “snail-like”. It is very easy to make such a loom with your own hands. You can even use a hula hoop. The shuttle remains the same design.

Stationary loom

When making large canvases, working on a frame is quite difficult. And it’s completely impossible to make long floor paths. There is no way to do this without a stationary machine.

The drawing provides a simple diagram showing how to make a loom. It provides a horizontal frame onto which the warp threads are stretched, and a vertical frame responsible for creating a gap for the passage of the shuttle with the weft thread and the shuttle. All parts are made of wood. Metal fasteners, nails, and rubber gaskets are also used.

This do-it-yourself weaving loom eliminates the need for the weaver to manually select warp threads while drawing cross threads during the weaving process.

What to spin from

The need for material for spinning and weaving led to the development of plant growing: in addition to edible plants, spinning plants began to be grown - flax, cotton, hemp . A new industry also appeared in livestock farming: sheep began to be raised for spinning wool . In Asia they also spun the wool of camels and mountain goats, and the Indians used llama wool .

In China, back in the 3rd millennium BC. The material for spinning was the fibers that envelop the pupae of silkworm . They produced a very strong, thin, smooth and shiny thread - silk . Silk fabrics came from China to the West along trade routes and conquered the Europeans. In addition to beauty and durability, silk had another valuable quality - fleas and bedbugs avoid silk fabrics, and when there were difficulties with hygiene in the Ancient World, this was very important.

The Chinese have kept the secret of silk production for centuries and themselves sold silk fabrics to the whole world. The name of the main trade artery between East and West - the Great Silk Road - speaks about how valued silk was.

Weaving technique

The operation of the machine is based on the fact that even warp threads are passed into the holes of the vertical frame. First, with the movement of the foot, this part is lowered down. As a result, a gap is formed between the warp threads, into which the shuttle is passed.

The next row is performed by moving the frame up. As a result, even-numbered threads rise, again forming a lumen. The weft thread passes through, and the material produces a “basket”, checkerboard weave.

Using reeds, the master compacts the rows, knocking them into a canvas. Some machines have mechanized devices for performing this action, which greatly facilitates the work.

Briefly about the main thing

Ancient crafts are becoming increasingly in demand today. Many designers now put the rustic style at the forefront. Therefore, having a loom in the house can become the basis of a profitable business. Exclusive items made using this technique will create an original design in your home and make it unique.

The shuttleless table loom (STB) is designed for the manufacture of products from wool, silk, linen and cotton fabrics. The STB machine is distinguished by high productivity and reliable operation of all components.

Table loom

Such a device is currently quite widespread.

How to make a homemade loom with your own hands?

The standard device operates by laying the thread using a metal spacer. It has a shedding mechanism that vertically moves the warp threads. Such a device happens:

Kulachkov. Used for making fabrics with simple weaves. With its help it is convenient to work with a small rapport.
Carriage type. Used to create complex patterns. The number of healds (two wooden strips fastened to the pushers by a heald drive) in this device can reach up to 34 pieces. The healds in the carriages are moved using a special lifting mechanism.
Zhakkardov. With this mechanism you can get the largest number of weaves and patterns. Each thread in such a device rises regardless of the other.

The machines also differ in the width of the filling. The value of this parameter for narrow structures is about 2.2 m, for wide ones – 2.5 m. The operation of the machine is carried out through the functioning of the following mechanisms:

pharynx-forming (pharynx can be open, semi-open and closed);
devices that introduce wefts into the shed;
surf the weft to the edge of the fabric (at this moment a new element of the fabric is formed);
a device that provides longitudinal movement of the warp thread;
device for moving and removing the web;
releasing the web from the machine;
reed - a ridge-shaped element through which the warp thread passes.

The machine also has starting and installation mechanisms, as well as guides. Having decided to make such a design yourself, first of all you need to draw a diagram. A drawing on paper allows you to freely navigate the dimensions of the future machine. When constructing a drawing and choosing design parameters, it is necessary to take into account that the greater the width and length of the frames, the greater the maximum size of the woven fabric.

To work, you will need 2 frames: one larger, the other smaller (for example, a frame with parameters of 30x10 cm allows you to weave a doll scarf). Frames can be made of flat slats. Algorithm for further actions:

Drill holes in 2 slats in the form of round openings.
Insert round slats into the resulting recesses, securing them with wedges. They can also be fixed in any other way. The main thing is that they are motionless.
Make grooves in the middle part of the square rail and install a comb in them.
To achieve maximum stability, secure the bottom, preferably from plywood.
Drive nails into the front part of the round strip. They are needed to tension the thread. The distance between them should be 0.5 cm.
Secure the rear rail, designed for winding excess fabric.

The length of the teeth should be from 7 to 10 cm, the width - from 0.5 to 0.7 cm. The standard height of the comb is 15 cm. Its length exceeds the distance between the side frames. It is made from thick plywood sheet. One of the main parts of the design is the weft. It performs 2 functions: the thread is wound on it and it supports the spool. It can be made from plywood as a separate element.

Self-production of the machine

Many people are faced with the task of how to make a loom? Moreover, to spend less materials. So how to make a loom with your own hands? First of all, you need to adhere to the manufacturing scheme, which contains successive steps:

A quadrangular frame is selected.
Round openings are made in two slats.
Slats with the smallest circumference are placed in the openings made at the ends of the bar and secured with wedge parts.
There are grooves in the middle part of the side bar to accommodate the comb.
The equipment has a solid bottom for stable standing.
Nails are driven into the nearest round block at a distance of 5 mm to tighten the threads.
At the rear of the installation, a rail is used to wind excess fabric.

The comb can be made from thick plywood. Its height reaches 15 cm. The length of the comb should be greater than the distance between the frames, which are located on the side. The number of nails driven in must be divided by two to obtain the number of teeth. Select the height of the teeth to be approximately 70-100 mm, and the width 5-7 mm. The interdental space is 5 mm.

On the near shaft there are nails to which threads of equal length are tied. Then the threads are divided into even and odd. Behind the comb there is a moving shaft where the odd threads are attached. And the even threads are on the comb, namely, they are wrapped around the nails of the teeth. A homemade loom works according to the rule of winding the remaining amount of thread on a bar, and the base of the product is made.

Next comes the winding of the threads onto the wefts. The end of the thread is attached to the left side of the frame, which is located in front of the drive rack. When the bar is raised, the weft is pushed into the shed. Movement occurs from left to right. By alternating multi-colored threads, you can get designs on the product (checkered, striped).

Video: how to make a loom?

How to weave fabric at home?

It is recommended for a beginning weaver to start creating with small and easy-to-make items. First, you can make a napkin. You can see what things created in this way look like in the photo above. The pattern on the canvas is obtained by alternating threads of different colors. The process of working on the machine includes the following manipulations:

Distribute the warp threads.
Thread the yarn under the first warp thread and secure it in the cut. There are no strict restrictions on which side to start weaving from. This can be done both on the left and on the right.
Thread the remaining part with a snake through the warp threads.
Having reached the end of the fabric, turn the thread so that the thread on the machine is wrapped in it. Subsequent rows must be woven so that the thread is at the bottom in those areas where it was at the top in the previous row.
Upon completion of work, bend the cuts on the cardboard. Carefully remove the loops, cut them and tie knots.