Specific gravity of stainless steel sheet. Density of stainless steel - domestic grades and AISI standard

Stainless steel is an alloy steel that is resistant to corrosion in harsh environments and atmospheres. This type of steel is divided into three groups: corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. These groups are specifically divided to solve specific problems.

Thus, corrosion-resistant steels are used where high corrosion resistance of materials is required, both in domestic conditions and in industrial work. Heat-resistant steels are used in situations where good resistance of the material to corrosion under high temperatures is required, for example, in chemical plants. Heat-resistant steels - where high mechanical strength at high temperatures is required.

When working with stainless steel, it is extremely important to know the quality indicator. A characteristic such as the specific gravity of stainless steel will help you determine this parameter.

Density of stainless steel

Stainless steel is the same alloy of iron and carbon, but with the addition of alloying elements.
Depending on what was added there, the characteristics of the metal change, including density. Generally speaking, the density of stainless steel ranges from 7701-7900 kg/m³, more detailed information is presented in the tables below.

How is density calculated?

To do this, just multiply the width by the height and the thickness. Multiply the resulting number by 7.85 (theoretical, specific gravity)

It has high corrosion resistance and is heat resistant. Widely used in industry. Heats up perfectly: at a temperature of 1030 - 1100 oC (cool in water). Forging can be done at 1200°C. Has endurance limit σ-1=279 MPa, n=107

The density of stainless steel 12Х18Н10Т is 7900 or, to put it another way: 7.9 · 10³ kg/m³.

It “cooks” well, has high ductility and resistance to corrosion. It is used to make sinks and other catering equipment. Due to its heat resistance, it is often used in construction and to create various tanks. Resistance to acids.

Video describing the stages of production.

Source of the article: https://the-pipe.ru/plotnost-nerzhaveyushhej-stali

Sheet material

It should also be taken into account that stainless steel includes a large group of grades of this metal. The most common brands are: 12x18N10T, 08x18N10, and also 12x18N12T. Foreign analogues are also popular, including Aisi 321, Aisi 304 and Aisi 430. All these brands are characterized by a high degree of corrosion resistance, ease of processing, and high strength.

The material can be thin-sheet or thick-sheet depending on the type of rolled product. Thin-sheet products are those having a thickness of 0.5-5 mm. For thick sheets, this number is 5-50 mm.

The most common sheet sizes are 1000x2000 mm, 1250x2500 mm, 1500x3000 mm. The weight of a stainless steel sheet is somewhat easier to calculate than the weight of a pipe.

To calculate the weight of a stainless steel sheet, you need to multiply the height, thickness and width. In general, the required amount of material can be calculated by multiplying the mass of one sheet by the required number of sheets.

For example, the weight of stainless steel 12x18n10t for a sheet measuring 0.5x1000x2000 mm will be about 8 kg. A sheet of the same size, but with a thickness of 1 mm, will already weigh 16 kg.

To determine the mass of sheets, you can use special theoretical tables or a calculator.

Railings and fences

Due to its properties and attractive appearance, stainless steel is often used to create stair railings and fences. Often, products made from this metal are used by designers and architects as decorative elements. It is necessary to know the weight of structures when transporting products in order to calculate the expected load on the base of the railing. Knowing the above formulas, the calculation process is greatly simplified.

For example, the average weight of fences or stair railings will be approximately 5-6 kg. If the presence of glass sheet is assumed in the design of the fences, the weight will exceed 20 kg. When planning the transportation of parts, you should consider not only how much they will weigh, but also the length of the products. In the photo you can see examples of the use of this metal.

Nowadays, pipes are sold not by the meter, but by the ton. But how do you still calculate the required number of pipes with the required diameter? We will tell you about this in this article, which, after reading to the end, everything will immediately become clear.

Pipe sizes are indicated in GOST

• Specific density of certain grades of steel billets;
• Product diameters;
• Wall thickness;
• Linear meters.

Specific gravity of stainless steel, weight of 1 m3 of stainless steel, density of plastic and table of values

Stainless steel is an alloy steel that is resistant to corrosion in harsh environments and atmospheres. This type of steel is divided into three groups: corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. These groups are specifically divided to solve specific problems.

Thus, corrosion-resistant steels are used where high corrosion resistance of materials is required, both in domestic conditions and in industrial work. Heat-resistant steels are used in situations where good resistance of the material to corrosion under high temperatures is required, for example, in chemical plants. Heat-resistant steels – where high mechanical strength at high temperatures is required.

When working with stainless steel, it is extremely important to know the quality indicator. A characteristic such as the specific gravity of stainless steel will help you determine this parameter.

Mechanical

For austenitic stainless steel AISI 304, the technical specifications look like this:

· ductility – relative elongation 40%;

· strength – tensile strength 515 MPa, fatigue resistance 240 N/mm2;

· viscosity – yield strength 205 MPa;

· hardness – 170 Brinell units;

· elasticity grade AISI 304 – elastic modulus 193 GPa.

The steel is soft enough, an 8 mm rod 30 cm long can be bent by hand. When turning, chips are removed easily, with low labor and energy consumption. The thread profile is smooth, without burrs or torn edges. However, AISI 304 threaded connections are most often disposable - with a high tightening force, the thread profile is deformed.

Stainless Steel Specific Gravity Table

Below is a table of values ​​that will help you carry out all the necessary calculations when working with stainless steel, including the weight of stainless steel.

Specific gravity and weight of 1 m3 of stainless steel depending on units of measurement

Specific Gravity Calculations

In order to carry out all the necessary calculations, it is necessary to determine the very concept of this characteristic. So, specific gravity is the ratio of weight to volume of the desired material or substance. Calculations are carried out using the following formula: y=p*g, where y is specific gravity, p is density, g is the acceleration of gravity, which in normal cases is a constant and equals 9.81 m/s*s. The result is measured in Newtons divided by cubic meter (N/m3). To convert to the SI system, the result is multiplied by 0.102.

Density is the value of the mass of the required material or substance, measured in kilograms, that fits in a cubic meter. It is a very ambiguous value that depends on many factors. For example, temperatures. So, the density of stainless steel is 7950 kg/m3.

Article source: https://naruservice.com/articles/udelnii-ves-nerjaveushei-stali

Calculate the mass of the pipe

• length;
• diameter;
• thickness;
• specific gravity.

Using the tables, you can select the required ratio of pipe length and diameter. You can calculate the mass of a product by multiplying its volume by its density. Accordingly, to calculate the volume, you need to multiply the value equal to the wall thickness by the surface area. In this case, the area is determined as the product of pi, the length of the pipe and its diameter.

For example, if you need to determine how much a 12x18n10t steel pipe weighs, the length of which is 10 m, the diameter is 10 cm, and the wall thickness is 1 mm, the calculation procedure will be as follows:

• the specific density value of 7900 is multiplied by the diameter: 7900*0.1=790;
• multiply by the length and thickness of the wall: 790*10*0.001=7.9;
• multiply by a constant value of “pi”: 7.9 * 3.14 = 24.81 (kg).

However, these calculations may not be very accurate. This is determined by the round surface of the pipe.

You can also use another formula; it is a more simplified version and is used to calculate the linear meter of the product.

To determine the mass, you need to subtract the wall thickness from the value that determines the diameter of the product. The resulting value is multiplied by the wall thickness and the value 0.025. In general, the formula looks like this:

1 p.m.= (D-T)*T*0.025

Then a linear meter of the same pipe will weigh 2.475 kg. Although the difference in the numbers obtained is negligible, you should purchase slightly more material than calculated to account for cutting and processing costs.

Density of steel of various types and grades: temperature dependence of density

Tables of steel densities of various types and grades are presented.
The first table shows the density of steel by type and examples of some grades of steel for each type. The density of carbon, alloy and low-alloy steels, die, roll, high-speed steels is given, the density of stainless steel, etc. is indicated. The second table contains summary data on the density of common steel grades (about 200 items) depending on temperature. The following tables allow you to determine the density of carbon, low-alloy and high-alloy steels with special properties at temperatures from 0 to 1100 ° C.

Thickness of rolled sheets made of corrosion-resistant and heat-resistant steel grades

Rolled stainless steel sheets come in thin and thick sheets.

Rolled thin sheets

made from alloy steel grades in accordance with technical specifications according to GOCT 5582-75. Standard range of sheet steel thicknesses:

• hot rolled from 1.5 to 3.9 mm in increments of 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 mm;
• cold rolled from 0.5 to 3.9 mm in increments of 0.05; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 mm.

Thick stainless steel sheets

manufactured according to technical specifications according to GOCT - 7350-77. Standard range of thicknesses of thick alloy steel:

• hot rolled from 4 to 50 mm in increments of 0.5; 1; 2; 3 mm;
• cold rolled from 4 to 5 mm in increments of 0.2 and 0.3 mm.

Density of different types of steel

A table of densities of common types of steel at room temperature is provided. The density of steel depends significantly on the type, which is determined by its chemical composition and purpose.

Light steels with low density include some alloyed, heat-resistant and stainless steels. The minimum density of common grades of such steels is 7640-7670 kg/m 3.

The presence of a large amount of nickel in steel makes its density higher. For example, the density of nickel-based alloys can reach 8500 kg/m3. The heaviest is high-speed tool steel. It contains heavy metals such as tungsten and molybdenum. The density of such steel varies in the range from 8000 to 8800 kg/m 3.

Steel density by type

Application

As already noted, the scope of application of the material is quite wide. When using high-quality steel 45, various workpieces can be produced. Metal is supplied to production lines in the form of long and shaped rolled products.

The uses of steel 45 are as follows:

1. Manufacturing of products represented by bodies of rotation. When creating various structures, shafts are often used, which can have several steps and grooves. In this case, the diametrical size can vary over a wide range.
2. Spindles and cams, as well as gears. Gears can be called a rather difficult product to manufacture. They are obtained by the process of milling round blanks. The structure may be subject to severe mechanical stress. That is why various heat treatments are often carried out, for example, hardening or tempering. Cams and other similar products are also characterized by the fact that they are subject to severe mechanical stress.
3. Fasteners have become very widespread. They are used to connect various products or fix them. High demands are placed on fasteners. For example, the surface must withstand significant mechanical stress or load that occurs in the transverse direction.
4. Plates and sheet material. Sheet metal has become quite widespread. It is used in the manufacture of various products, as well as cladding of load-bearing structures. It is worth considering that today sheet material is often used for stamping and other pressure processing.

Application of steel 45

Heat treatment can significantly expand the scope of metal application. For example, hardening and surface normalization are carried out. To significantly change the performance qualities, the composition is alloyed with various chemical elements, for example, chromium. Increasing the concentration of chromium causes the metal to become corrosion resistant.

Considering analogues, we note that there are a fairly large number of alloys that are characterized by similar qualities. For example, the USA and Germany apply their own marking standards when creating alloys that are similar to Steel 45. For example, 1044 and 1045, 1.0503 and 1.1191. Analogues are also produced in many other countries. As for metals with similar performance qualities, these include steel 50 and steel 50G, as well as steel 40X, which is alloyed with the use of chromium.

Analog St 45 - steel 1.0503

In conclusion, we note that products made from steel 45 have very attractive performance characteristics and are inexpensive. That is why it is used in the engineering industry as a base metal. The structure is characterized by high machinability. Therefore, the workpieces are subjected to turning and milling.

Density of common grades of steel at different temperatures

The table shows the density values ​​of steel of common grades depending on temperature. It should be noted that the density of steel changes little when its temperature changes. The density of various steel grades in the dimension kg/m 3 is given in the table at temperatures from 20 to 900°C.

When steel is heated, it increases in volume and its density becomes less. For example, the density of stainless steel 12Х18Н9 at 20°С is equal to 7900 kg/m 3 or 7.9 g/cm 3 , and at a temperature of 900°С the density of this steel decreases and becomes equal to 7510 kg/m 3 or 7.51 g/cm 3.

Of the steels presented in the table, we can distinguish the lightest steel with the minimum density. Such steel is stainless heat-resistant steel 15X25T (X25T, EI439), the density of which at room temperature is 7600 kg/m 3 or 7.6 g/cm 3 . The heaviest is tool steel P18 with a density of 8800 kg/m 3 (8.8 g/cm 3 ) at room temperature (20°C).

The average density of structural steel at room temperature is 7700...7900 kg/m 3 . For example, the density of steel 20 has a value of 7856 kg/m 3 at a temperature of 20°C. The density of steel is generally quite close to the density of iron since this metal is the basis of this alloy.

Table of steel density values ​​by grade

Chrome-nickel steels and alloys with a nickel content of more than 20%

Chromium-nickel steels with a nickel content of more than 20% have a linear temperature expansion coefficient of up to 19.8·10-6 deg-1 (alloy KhN46B).
The steel of this type with the lowest TCLE value is 04ХН40МДТУ; its average linear expansion coefficient at temperatures up to 100°С is 8.2·10-6 deg-1. Linear expansion coefficients of chromium-nickel steel with a nickel content of more than 20%

Density of carbon steels

The density of carbon steel at room temperature ranges from 7.83 to 7.87 g/cm 3 . The table shows the density values ​​of the following carbon steels: steel 08KP, steel 08, steel 20, steel 40, steel U8, steel U12.

The density values ​​in the table are indicated depending on the temperature - in the range from 0 to 1100°C. When steel is heated, it becomes less dense. For example, the density of steel 20 is 7859 kg/m 3 at a temperature of 15°C, and when heated to a temperature of 1100°C, the density of this steel decreases to 7496 kg/m 3 .

Note: The density of carbon steels in the table is expressed in units of kg/m3.

Density of low alloy steels

The density values ​​of the following low-alloy steels are presented: steel 15М, 12МХ, 15ХМ, 15ХФ, 30Х, 30Н3, 30ХН3, 12Х5СМА, Х6М, 30Г2, 50С2Г. The average density of low-alloy steels ranges from 7725 to 7855 kg/m 3 at a temperature of 20°C. The data in the table is given depending on temperature - in the range from 0 to 1000°C. The density dimension in the table is kg/m3.

Density of high alloy steels with special properties

The density values ​​of the following grades of high-alloy steels are presented: steel G13, G20Kh12F, Kh21Kh15T, R18. The steel density values ​​in the table are indicated depending on the temperature - in the range from 0 to 1100°C. Density dimension - kg/m3. Additionally, you can familiarize yourself with the table of substance densities.

1. Kazantsev E.I. Industrial furnaces. Reference manual for calculations and design.
2. Brand of steels and alloys. 2nd ed., add. and corr. A. S. Zubchenko, M. M. Koloskov and others. Under the general editorship. A. S. Zubchenko - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2003. 784 p.: ill.

Source of the article: https://thermalinfo.ru/svojstva-materialov/metally-i-splavy/plotnost-stali-temperaturnaya-zavisimost