Design and operating principle of CNC metal lathes: technical characteristics

CNC lathes are well-proven equipment designed for mass production. Thanks to it, it becomes possible to make parts with high precision, which is important for lathes.

CNC allows it to improve its operation without human intervention, making it almost ideal for turning work and giving it autonomy.

Purpose of the CNC device

Numerical control (CNC) is designed for cutting threads on workpieces, turning parts from them, etc., without human intervention to avoid defects in production.

Thanks to fairly flexible settings, they have proven themselves much better than humans, and due to the fact that they have minimal defects, machines equipped with such a system are simply irreplaceable in mass production, where it is important to produce many parts that meet the quality. There are also types of turning work that only numerical control can handle.

If we divide CNC machines into types, then we need to take into account the purpose and the work they perform. In this case, they can be divided into five types:

• vertical and horizontal milling;
• console;
• longitudinal;
• widely versatile;
• instrumental.

Purpose

CNC lathes are modern versions of standard machine analogues, equipped with a number of additional functions, one of which is the presence of a CNC system. Such devices are designed for processing metal workpieces by turning, but can also be used to work with other materials. Thanks to this, lathes have become universal devices used in various fields. The main area of ​​application is in factories and at home.

Using CNC machines:

• External and internal turning of parts is carried out;
• cone-shaped elements or having other complex shapes are manufactured;
• longitudinal processing of the workpiece is performed;
• roughing and finishing processing is carried out;
• the length of the parts is adjustable;
• grooves, recesses, holes are machined;
• Inch and metric threads are cut.

This machine is able to cope with a task of almost any level of complexity. Therefore, the scope of application of CNC machines for turning work is in enterprises engaged in the serial production of parts. Also, the use of lathes is noted in frequent production in small businesses.

Main advantages

Compared to manual machines, those equipped with CNC are four times more productive. Although the performance range varies from the specified settings and can be from one and a half to five times.

Due to the fact that a CNC machine combines the flexibility of universal equipment and the high productivity of an automatic machine, the problem of using such technology in both serial and individual production is solved.

Important!

Thanks to the latest electronics and the best computer technology, mechanical engineering, namely the production of parts for automobiles, is reaching a predominantly new level.

Due to the fact that the process is becoming almost completely automated, the need for qualified workers to operate the machines is falling. However, this cannot lead to unemployment, since craftsmen are now required who will monitor the serviceability of the CNC machine. Thanks to this, the quality of work improves without consequences.

The time required for fitting work is significantly saved due to the fact that the parts are made, one might say, according to one template, so they are interchangeable.

Due to the fact that all programs for the production of new products are recorded in the computer, there is no need to retrain personnel before switching to working with new products. You just need to turn on the desired program.

Parts that are made on a CNC machine are produced much faster. In addition, due to the absence of a person, the level of defects and unfinished work is significantly reduced.

Area of ​​use

CNC machines and machining centers are widely used in the following areas:

1. Metalworking. They are capable of providing 2D and 3D milling, engraving, threading, turning, drilling complex holes, creating complex volumetric parts with high precision, manufacturing injection molds and other processing of parts of almost any complexity. The machines provide one-time, small-scale and industrial (large-scale) production with high repeat accuracy.
2. Electronics. In the electronics industry, machines are used in the manufacture of instrument panels, printed circuit boards, cooling radiators, and machining holes in equipment.
3. Aerospace industry. Machine tools are used to produce high-precision parts from difficult-to-cut materials. They are capable of machining chassis components, titanium skins, bushings, fender parts, manifold pipes, gear components and connectors.
4. Telecommunications and telecommunications. The machines are used in the manufacture of radiators, parts of antenna masts, casings, and corrugated horns.
5. Healthcare. The medical industry uses CNC machines in the production of pacemakers, joint and bone prostheses, and medical instruments.
6. Automotive industry. Machining centers are actively used in the manufacture of engine parts, internal panels, cylinder heads, drive axles, gearboxes, and other components.
7. Furniture manufacturing. The machines are used in the production of complex furniture facades, cutting sheet materials (chipboard, fibreboard, MDF), parquet tiles, wooden rosettes of complex shapes, curved cutouts in doors and windows, panels, artistic carving, production of exclusive furniture parts and doors.
8. Advertising. The equipment is widely used for cutting sheet plastic and composite materials, making logos, emblems and letters, engraving inscriptions and drawings, creating templates, patterns, price tags, stands, trays, applying images to glass and plexiglass.
9. Modeling. On CNC machines you can create various models, prototypes, new architectural forms, stamps, cliches.

It is difficult to find areas of human activity where CNC machines cannot or are pointless to use. They are actively used in woodworking, metallurgy, the military-industrial complex, construction, production of agricultural machinery and equipment, and jewelry. They are capable of processing almost any materials: ferrous and non-ferrous metals, including high hardness, plastic, wood, glass, fiberglass, stones, concrete, etc.

What metal operations can be performed

Thanks to the fact that the human factor has been reduced to a minimum, metal operations have become much easier and result in less waste. It turns out this way because of the program that is embedded in the computer.

It is a kind of template by which the computer understands whether the part is ready or not. This section will talk about the operations that a CNC machine can perform on metal.

External and internal turning of parts

Everything is simple here, at least for the car. The installed workpiece, which in the future will become a part, is fixed on the machine. It can be secured manually or, if the appropriate equipment is installed automatically (most often the automatic option is used).

Afterwards, external turning of the part begins using either a laser or a blade that is installed on the machine. Gradually cutting off the excess, the workpiece takes the shape of the desired part. This is how external turning of parts is done on a CNC machine.

With the internal everything is about the same, only with changes. After installing the workpiece, the machine begins to drill, or as it is called differently, drill a hole at the base of the workpiece.

Once the hole is ready, the computer will compare it with the template that is written in the given program. If there are any flaws, he will analyze whether it can be corrected (as a rule, yes, because machines rarely make mistakes). Afterwards the workpiece is polished and the part is ready.

Longitudinal processing of the workpiece

Longitudinal processing is a method that is used for the manufacture of strips, strips, tapes. Depending on the program that is installed on the computer.

Such work on a CNC machine is carried out mainly using a laser, as this allows you to get rid of defects and speeds up the work process. After installing the workpiece, the numerical control on the machine will process it in accordance with the specified algorithm of actions. The laser portal is driven by stepper motors on which it is mounted.

Roughing and finishing

To begin with, what is this anyway? Roughing of metal consists of adjusting the part to the desired size by removing layers of metal.

Typically, in a CNC machine, this role is performed by the computer after the part has already been cut. Finishing comes next and consists of polishing the surface of the product. The machine performs all this according to given algorithms.

Adjusting the length of parts

The program that is given to the computer clearly states the dimensions of the part. The blanks are also given in suitable sizes. Before inserting a part, the machine adjusts and sets itself up for production.

After that, he begins to do the work, after which he compares the size with those given by the person. If there are no deviations, the part is ready. If there is, the CNC machine begins to grind the part, removing layers of metal and adjusting the length.

Making grooves, recesses and holes

Grooves and recesses are holes that are made into a part. Such holes can serve either to allow another part to fit into them, or for installation to some device. A CNC machine makes such holes using a laser, making high-precision cuts.

They can be rectangular, T-shaped, dovetail, shaped, through, open, closed and others. What shape the hole will be depends on the part and the program that the person has installed in the numerical control.

Inch and metric thread cutting

Almost everyone has seen this type of carving. It is used mainly so that one part can be screwed to another. The main parameters in the manufacture of such threads are pitch and size. In this case, a step means:

• outer diameter, measured between the top points of the threaded ridges located on opposite sides of the pipe;
• internal diameter as a value characterizing the distance from one lowest point of the cavity between the threaded ridges to another, also located on opposite sides of the pipe.

All parameters need to be entered into the machine’s computer, after which it will cut out an excellent and even thread using a laser.

Reference! In any case, the parameters for making threads on a product are entered by a person into the computer of the machine, and the latter, acting according to an algorithm, uses a laser to make an excellent thread.

Design features of the machines

CNC lathes, used today in many manufacturing enterprises, are modern equipment that allows processing of metal parts with high precision. This is ensured by the following design features of such equipment:

• there are almost no gaps in the drive transmission devices of such machines;
• all load-bearing elements, components and mechanisms included in the design of a CNC lathe have high rigidity;
• the kinematic chains of the equipment are specially designed so that their length is minimal, as well as the number of mechanical gears that make them up is minimal;
• The design of turning units includes special signaling devices responsible for feedback;
• such devices are characterized by increased resistance to vibration loads that necessarily arise during their operation;
• Hydraulic, as well as other components of turning equipment, are preheated before starting work using special systems, which minimizes the risk of thermal deformation during processing.

CNC lathes are equipped with guides that are characterized by increased wear resistance and a reduced coefficient of friction, which is very important for ensuring high accuracy of metal turning operations. Thanks to these characteristics of the unit’s guides, the level of mismatch in its control system is reduced, and all moving mechanisms move according to the specified parameters with maximum accuracy.

The guide units of a lathe, where rolling elements are provided, which are mainly used as rollers, are designed and manufactured so that when operating at high speeds and when they are intensely heated, the coefficient of friction in them remains unchanged.

Hardened machine bed guides TRENS-SE-520

Naturally, the guides of lathes, on which metal parts are processed at high speeds, must be characterized by increased rigidity. This requirement is ensured due to the fact that the guides are subject to preload, which is performed using special control mechanisms. To reduce friction forces in the guide units of the unit’s support and its frame, which operate on the sliding principle, they are made from pairs of materials: high-quality wear-resistant plastic (usually fluoroplastic) plus cast iron or steel.

The guides of lathes equipped with CNC systems can be located in horizontal, vertical or inclined planes. Depending on this, the unit models are assigned to a certain category.

To provide high rigidity to the load-bearing elements of CNC turning equipment, they are made in a box-shaped form with mandatory transverse and longitudinal internal ribs. For the manufacture of these elements, casting and welding technologies are used. If previously only cast iron or steel were used to make the load-bearing elements of metal lathes, now many foreign manufacturers make columns, beds, as well as slides of such units from concrete with the addition of polymers or artificial granite, which gives them high rigidity and increased resistance to vibration loads

The most important element of any metal-cutting equipment, including turning equipment, is the spindle assembly, which experiences significant loads during operation. That is why all the base and seating surfaces of such a unit, as well as its necks, must be characterized by increased wear resistance. The bearings, which are installed in the supports of the unit, ensure the accuracy of its rotation; increased demands are placed on them in terms of the degree of their wear resistance.

Headstock with chuck for machine SN-500

On lathes equipped with a CNC system, the spindle assembly is characterized by a more complex design.

This is explained by the fact that a number of additional ones are installed in this element: clamping mechanisms for working devices operating in automatic mode, indicators responsible for self-diagnosis of equipment and for adaptive control over the processing process. On lathes of this category, the spindle assembly (along the axis of its rotation) can be located in a horizontal as well as a vertical plane.

Design and principle of operation

Lathes equipped with a CPU are of three types - contour, positional and adaptive. Each has its own advantages and may be suitable for different types of work.

The first type of machine cannot be called maximally independent, since human intervention is necessary for its operation. It works only along the trajectory specified by the operator.

The second type of machine can perform work on a part in a point-by-point manner.

The third type is universal. It can perform the work of both machines, while having the same functionality, so this type is the most expensive and most useful in the production of various parts.

Compared with older analogues that are already outdated, the latest machines with an installed numerical control system have increased rigidity, which allows reducing production time even for quite complex types of work. This level is ensured by the design features of the machines.

The CNC lathe consists of:

• beds;
• spindle or headstock;
• calipers;
• feed boxes;
• electrical part;
• turret heads.

The bed is one of the main parts of any machine, since it is on it that all other parts of the machine are located. The spindle (or headstock) has two parts of the machine: the spindle itself and boxes for changing speeds on the machine.

Another important part is the caliper. It is he who regulates the rotation speed of the workpiece, which is fixed in the lower and upper carriages. The caliper is controlled using one of the spindle parts, namely the gearbox.

Turrets are also very important for the operation of the machine, as they automatically replace worn-out equipment. The workpiece is installed in the machine, and then it does the work itself, using a program pre-written by the operator.

Principle of operation

Operation of CNC lathes depends on the characteristics of the device used. The choice of machine depends on:

• permissible thickness of the workpiece being processed;
• the maximum distance that can be set between the central parts of the headstocks;
• permissible diameter of the part installed above the support.

The tailstock is used to install a cutter or other working tool. The movement of the headstock is carried out along the trajectory of the rails located on the frame. The length of movement is equal to the dimensions of the workpiece. The working tool moves along the workpiece, the movement of which depends on the carriage. The caliper is responsible for ensuring that its position does not get lost during turning.

The single holder is used for simple machining. More complex tasks are accomplished with heads that can accommodate multiple cutters. The largest number of incisors is four.

The use of parts using such a device should be preferred when working with complex shapes.

The electric motor uses a belt drive. It is capable of providing high performance. The disadvantage of this transmission is that the belt stretches. To maintain performance at a high level, the belt is periodically tightened.

How to write a control program

Programs for operating CNC machines are made in three steps, each of which determines what the new part will look like:

1. Creation of a three-dimensional model. This stage is the creation of a model of the workpiece with which the work will be carried out. This is mainly done not by operators, but by designers, since not everyone understands so well how to make a good three-dimensional model.
2. Instructions. Having a three-dimensional model, the operator sets the parameters that the machine will have to perform when working with the workpiece in order to get the part.
3. Test run. It is necessary to check whether the program was written correctly to work. After all, if you run a bad program on a machine right away, without a test, it will ruin all the workpieces. Therefore, the operator looks to see whether the machine is performing the job correctly with the given program, and then looks at the result and decides whether modification is required or not. Most often it is, of course, required, but it cannot display any critical errors.

Once the program has been installed, the machine is ready for use. There are five special applications for writing such programs:

• AutoCAD.
• T-FlexCAD.
• NanoCAD.
• ArtCam.
• SolidWorks.

Now we will talk about each one separately.

AutoCAD

This program was developed by Autodesk specifically for automatic design of turning operations. AutoCAD has 3D modeling functions, as well as the ability to work with 3D scan data, which allows you to save money on designers. But, due to the lack of three-dimensional parameterization, this program is not the best choice.

T-FlexCAD

This program was developed to develop different types of work with lathes. It has all the necessary functions, but it is not the best choice and is not popular.

NanoCAD

This program can work with both three-dimensional and two-dimensional models. With its help, work calculations can be carried out, 3D and 2D models, various drawings and much more can be prepared. Thanks to this program, the work of operators is greatly facilitated.

ArtCam

This program is needed exclusively for creating a three-dimensional model. Calculations of work or anything similar cannot be done on it, but the models are of very high quality.

SolidWorks

This is not just a program, but a whole software complex. It was released back in 1995, but is still considered one of the best among the development of programs for lathes using a CNC system. True, this software package costs a decent amount, but it perfectly demonstrates the principle “price equals quality.”

CNC Machine Selection Guide

If you are just starting a business and have no experience in this field, choosing a CNC milling machine can confuse you - there is so much variety in the industrial tool market.

Only many years of experience and specific knowledge allow specialists to select CNC machines in accordance with the requirements for the equipment. Many people simply get lost in this abundance, and this is not surprising - choosing the best CNC machine can be difficult even for professionals if they do not follow the latest products in the tool market, the range of which is constantly expanding and improving.

By what criteria is it better to choose a CNC machine?

It depends on what it will be used for. From the materials, the profile of the work, the required speed and accuracy, and the required resource. Many significant characteristics of such machines directly depend on their equipment - on the properties of their components and consumables, on design features. Let's look at the most basic ones.

Spindle

The spindle is one of the main parts of a milling machine. It depends on the spindle which cutters can be used with this particular machine, at what angles they can be fixed and how exactly to use them. The spindle drive is usually built-in - that is, the spindle is a powerful compact electric motor with a collet for clamping the cutter.

Much directly depends on the quality of the spindle - a good spindle will last a long time, constantly pleasing you with the quality of work, but a bad one can ruin not only the product, but also damage the machine itself in the event of an accident, or even injure personnel. The choice of spindle should be approached responsibly, always carefully listening to the recommendations of the machine manufacturer and paying attention, first of all, to the products of well-known and reputable component manufacturers.

Milling area

This is one of the most important characteristics of a CNC machine - the size of the milling area determines what size product the machine can process. Each narrow area of ​​application has its own size requirements; more universal machines have an adjustable milling area, or obviously exceed the requirements for most common application cases.

The design of the platform is also important - it should not cause difficulties in securing and clearly positioning the workpiece part, otherwise serious defects are possible. When choosing a CNC milling machine for work, you need to decide in advance on the dimensions of the parts to be processed so as not to get into trouble.

Purpose of the machine

CNC machines are divided primarily according to the material they are designed to process, as well as by area of ​​application.

Metalworking equipment

Metalworking CNC machines differ from others primarily in the strength and power of their design, which allows them to work with both metal and most other materials.

To reduce wear and avoid jamming of the cutter, they are often equipped with a supply of coolant to the cutter, usually water or oil, directly into the working contact area, and many of them are equipped with a powerful air suction - a design designed to mount the socket of an industrial vacuum cleaner, to automatically remove chips from the processed material. surfaces.

Woodworking equipment

CNC machines for working with wood, as well as composites and plastics, differ little structurally from machines for working with metal, but have a slightly simpler design and lower requirements for power and strength characteristics, which is naturally due to the specifics of the material.

The cutter is cooled by air, and more often it is completely absent, since its presence is not critical. Chip removal is also usually not provided for and is carried out manually by the operator. Accordingly, the cost of such machines is usually somewhat lower, their maintenance is simpler and cheaper, and their prevalence is greater.

Equipment for the manufacture of cabinet furniture

CNC machines designed for the production of cabinet furniture have their own characteristics - in particular, the dimensions of the milling area in them exceed those of other CNC milling machines, since the parts to be processed may have a larger area compared to other areas of CNC application.

Accordingly, a furniture CNC machine will have larger dimensions in all dimensions, as well as greater complexity and cost of the frame and guides than a similar machine for working with smaller objects. Otherwise, they differ little from machines for processing wood, plastic and composite materials.

Glass processing machines

Glass-processing CNC milling machines differ from machines for metal processing mainly in that they use special cutters with carbide, diamond and corundum working surfaces.

Milling cutters can be either specially coated or all-sintered - such components are created by baking diamond chips at high temperatures and high pressure, which gives an unusually strong and durable tool.

Also, in machines that process glass, the supply of working fluid to the area of ​​contact of the cutter with the material is mandatory - this is due not only to the need to cool the cutter when working with such a hard material as glass, but also to the necessity of immediately eliminating waste fragments of material - so that they do not interfere with further work and do not spoil the part by getting back into the place of contact between the cutter and the workpiece, on the one hand, and so that they do not get into the air that the machine operator breathes. In addition to glass, such machines can process polycarbonate, plexiglass of various compositions and other solid materials, as well as metal workpieces.

You can choose a CNC machine for working on glass based on its compliance with these mandatory criteria.

Stone processing equipment

CNC milling machines for working on stone are designed for engraving and making complex volumetric bas-reliefs on hard materials such as natural stone of various types - granite, marble, sandstone, as well as on artificial stone slabs made of granite chips with polymer.

The specifics of working with stone simultaneously require large processing areas, high hardness of the material, and increased weight of the workpieces. Also, the stone is characterized by the fact that when working with it there is a need for both constant circulation of water in the work area and the removal of crumbs and dust with a vacuum cleaner - water itself does not save from dust of the coarse fraction, characteristic of mineral materials.

Such machines can easily cope with other materials - from wood and PVC, to, often, even glass and metal, and therefore will be useful not only for manufacturers of stone products, but also for those whose professional interests are much broader.

This is, perhaps, the most advanced equipment for milling with program control, which can do almost everything in this area of ​​​​production, however, it is overly powerful, bulky and expensive for most work not directly related to its purpose.

No matter how great the temptation may be to get a truly universal CNC milling machine, if your tasks do not include stone processing, consider purchasing something more specialized from the ones listed above.

These are perhaps the most basic points that you need to be aware of when choosing a CNC milling machine. And even if at first it seems that if you need to buy a CNC milling machine, the choice is not easy, it’s not so scary. Now we will focus on the features of CNC milling machines.

Types of kinematic models of the machine

When preparing to work on a CNC milling machine, kinematic models of the machine are used, which are a software simulation of this equipment and are necessary for the correct preparation and predictability of the machine’s actions during program execution.

The kinematic model of the machine necessarily contains information about the working area, its dimensions and location relative to the stationary base of the machine, the location and possible trajectories of the working head - the cutter holder, and other physical parameters of the equipment - distances, dimensions - all that have a direct impact attitude towards the work performed by the machine.

Examples of machines and their models:

Preparing a control program

To work on CNC milling machines, CAD/CAM systems are used - software packages designed to translate data from drawings and models into a form of commands understandable to the machine.

These are DeskProto, VCarve Pro, ConstruCAM-3D, ArtCAM, NX CAM, SprutCAM‎ and Mach3 software products.

The entered data on the size and shape of the part becomes control trajectories, which, in turn, turn into control programs in the postprocessing process.

Postprocessor

A postprocessor is a special software product that turns data on part parameters into an individual program that controls the movements of the tool and/or workpiece for each specific machine.

Here you can read more about the development of kinematic models, using the example of industrial systems from Siemens.

You can also find useful information in the technical literature library.

Detailed information on working with each specific machine can be obtained on the official website of its manufacturer. This is the most reliable option and will save you from many mistakes.

Control

In some cases, when you have to work on a serious industrial machine, you can set a program for processing some more or less simple part manually, through the machine control panel. In this case, you should strictly follow the manufacturer's instructions and follow all the necessary steps sequentially.

Control panel for one of the CNC milling machines:

When creating elements of more complex shapes, it is impossible to do without the use of a computer, and many compact machines are even controlled only through a connected PC.

Multi-axis machining

CNC milling machines are divided into vertical and horizontal - according to the location of the working head, respectively - top or side, and are also divided according to the number of processing axes - into three-axis, four- and five-axis.

Accordingly, the more coordinate axes of tool movement, the more efficiently and with greater complexity the part can be processed.

Cutters used

Depending on the specifics of the work - on the material, the required forms of processing and other factors, CNC milling machines use a large number of various cutters. The cutters are single-start, double-start, spherical, v-shaped, spherical cone, pyramidal radius with one or two cutting edges, engraving, cutting, etc.

Spherical and pyramidal cutters are used for deep removal of material from a part, processing corners, and creating recesses of the appropriate shape. Cutting and engraving cutters of various shapes are used for engraving, cutting parts, processing the edges of the product, and for shaping - creating a bas-relief image. Radius and fillet cutters, both convex and concave, are used for processing corners, edges of countertops and other parts, chamfering, etc. Face mills allow you to create holes, unlike drills, of any shape.

Examples of cutters used:

The variety of cutters varies from the simplest, similar to an ordinary drill or auger, to very complex ones, made of different materials and all kinds of shapes, with a different number of cutting edges. This provides a wide range of tasks they can solve.

For each material and type of work, an individual selection of cutters is required, which our specialist will help you choose.

CNC milling machines are an excellent tool that, when used correctly, can create a very wide range of products, from advertising structures to parts of other machines, from kitchen cutting boards to jet aircraft engine parts. The scope of their application is almost limitless, and the range and degree of availability are increasing every day.

Now not only a machine-building plant can afford such equipment, but also a relatively small workshop, which is good news.

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Varieties

There are enough varieties of lathes to perform a wide variety of jobs. There are five of them in total:

• horizontal turning-turret;
• tokor-frontal;
• rotary turning;
• multi-spindle;
• turning and milling.

Now we will talk about everyone separately.

Horizontal turning-turret

Designed mainly for mass production of parts. Using a chuck, parts are installed that will process the workpiece before it becomes a part.

Torque-frontal

This machine is used for processing parts whose diameter exceeds the size of the workpiece. These are mainly railway wheels, flywheels and others. It can also remove ends, make cylindrical parts, make grooves, and so on.

Lathe-rotary

Such machines are designed for workpieces that weigh several tons. Also, the workpieces for such a machine have a diameter greater than their height. Thanks to the chuck and the cutting parts installed on it, it is possible to apply threads to the workpiece or drill holes.

Multi-spindle

As the name implies, the design of this machine contains several spindles, which ensure processing of the workpiece to the state of the part in several places, either simultaneously or in shifts after every certain period of time.

Turning and milling

Turning and milling machines with installed CNC are universal. They can perform a wide variety of work with products. Everything will depend on what program was installed in the numerical control computer and what tools were installed on the chucks.

This machine can perform any functions of highly specialized equipment, be it turning, drilling, milling. He can handle any type of work.

Capabilities of universal CNC machines in metal processing

Most often, a cantilever type milling machine is used in metalworking. The spindle in such a device can hardly move and, accordingly, makes very few movements. The movement is provided by the work table with the part attached to it.

The overwhelming number of such machines are universal. They are designed for milling workpieces made of steel, cast iron and non-ferrous metals.

The following operations can be performed on the milling machine:

• milling surfaces with any slope;
• milling of ledges, grooves and grooves;
• milling of shaped and combined type surfaces;
• material cutting;
• thread milling works;
• drilling;
• boring;
• carving;
• processing of surfaces with complex profiles.

The following operations can be performed on a lathe:

• facing and turning of material;
• cutting off workpieces, creating internal, end or external grooves;
• drilling;
• grinding;
• processing of metals and alloys.

Review of modern models of CNC turning machines

Compared to older models, modern lathes have become easier to use and can perform many more functions. The operation of such machines has become faster and better, providing better quality and fewer defective products.

Thus, we can say that CNC lathes are the future. Thanks to him, the number of defects due to human defects has become almost zero, despite the fact that no one has lost their jobs - it’s just that now the specialists who previously worked on the machines now monitor the operation of these machines, correcting breakdowns and giving them new programs.

Metalworking Trends and Applications

Today, the industry continues its development, and the attention of developers is focused on creating high-speed devices with 5 axes. Parts created on such machines are highly accurate and are extremely in demand in high-tech industries - space, mechanical engineering, etc.

3D milling cutter AMAN AM30 Jewel

• Dimensions, mm 290 x 270 x 280 mm
• ArtCut Engrave software (compatible with almost any CAM system)

• Weight, kg 20

• Drive Motors Stepper Motors
• G-code control code
• USBCNC microcontroller
• Spindle power 200 W, 8000 rpm
• Processing of rings 10-40 mm (external/internal diameter), processing width - 1-20 mm
• Axes 3
• Working area 80 x 80 x 70 mm
• Resolution, mm 0.00125
• Required operating system Window 2000/XP/7

• Price 170,000 rub.

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How to choose?

In order to correctly select a machine for metal processing, it is necessary to carefully study the design features of the available models and study their characteristics.

First of all, you should pay attention to the following parameters:

• parts configuration;
• accuracy and quality of surface treatment;
• machine dimensions;
• maximum weight of workpieces;
• available processing modes;
• device power;
• planned production volume;
• machine performance.