Burners for burning gas. Principles, diagrams, examples of combustion of gaseous fuels.

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Published: 06/22/2020

Reading time: 3 min

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The burner design ensures efficient operation of the boiler and complete combustion of fuel. As a rule, gas burners for domestic and industrial units are sold together with the boiler. This is the optimal solution, since the boiler manufacturer will not only professionally calculate, manufacture and install the burner, but also calibrate its operation.

Such a unit will be ready to work with the best factory settings. In the case when a burner is purchased and installed independently, some difficulties may arise that can disrupt the thermal balance and performance of the thermal energy source.

To prevent this from happening, the owner must carefully select it to match the dimensions of the firebox and the thermal power of the boiler.

• 1 Classification of burners
• 2 How does a gas burner work?
• 3 Operating principle of combination burners
• 4 Operation of household burners

Review of gas burners

When choosing a device, you should take into account its technical characteristics, type of fuel supply, compatibility with other devices and principle of operation.
Several types of burners are popular among consumers. Let's start the review with the modification of the KChM. Most often it is used in boilers converted from solid fuel analogues or LNG. The design is equipped with three nozzles and automation. The second popular type of gas burners is “Hearth”. The device is a pneumatic mechanism with automatic functionality. It has an increased level of security and stops working in the following cases:

• With a lack of traction.
• If the flame goes out.
• Due to a disruption in the natural gas supply.

“Hearth” has a fuel pressure controller, which makes it possible to optimize combustion, even if there are failures in the main system. These models are easy to maintain; soot does not accumulate in the convective compartment.

Burners with forced air supply and preliminary preparation of the gas-air mixture

Combination burner GBL-1,2 COMBI

Burners with forced air supply and preliminary preparation of the mixture are most widespread. The gas flow through these burners can be very small (fractions of a cubic meter per hour) and very large (5000 m3/h or more). In burners of this type, it is possible to ensure a predetermined quality of preparation of the mixture before it enters the embrasure or firebox. To speed up the mixing process, gas is most often supplied through a series of slits or holes, the axes of which are directed at an angle to the air flow. When gas jets are supplied into the air flow from the center to the periphery, the burners are called “with central gas supply”, when supplied from the periphery to.

In many burners, air is supplied to the point of mixing with gas in a swirling flow. The most common devices for twisting are: guide vanes with a constant or adjustable blade angle, snail-shaped burner body, tangential air supply to the cylindrical body. In burners for high-capacity boilers, tangential blade swirlers are also used. An increase in the degree of twist intensifies the processes of mixture formation and fuel combustion, but at the same time the burner resistance and energy consumption increase.

Depending on the design of the burner, the quality of mixing gas with air can be very different: in the mixing chamber, the preparation of the gas-air mixture can only begin, ending with the combustion process, or it can be completely prepared for combustion. The mixing chamber of the burner usually has a small volume, and the speed of the mixture leaving the mouth at a rated thermal power is 10-50 m/s.

Combined burners - oil-gas and dust-gas, as a rule, have a forced air supply. The fuel oil nozzle is located along the axis of the burner and, depending on the design adopted, during gas operation it is removed or moved away from the mouth to avoid overheating. To burn fuel oil, air is used, supplied through the same air guide devices that are used when operating on gas fuel.

Based on materials from the book “Combustion of gases in the furnaces of boilers and furnaces and maintenance of gas facilities of enterprises” Chepel V. M., Shur I. A. 1980

Nozzle and handle - manufacturing options

If you look from the outside, the handle and nozzle are, in fact, the entire unit .
The rest is pipes and valves supplying gas. For the nozzle, you can purchase a brass nozzle from gas appliances. They sell without problems and cost pennies.

If you need a special design, you can proceed as follows.

We clamp a suitable workpiece with a vice.

To avoid crushing the thread when clamping the part in a vice, first use a regular wooden clothespin.

Carefully drill a hole with a drill of a suitable diameter, not reaching the end about a millimeter. We grind down the remaining metal until the point left by the very tip of the drill appears.

After this, using a thin drill or a hardened awl, we punch a hole of the required diameter from the inside.

Any suitable object can be used as a handle. A handle from an old soldering iron, a piece of thick-walled hose, or a drilled piece of wood will do.

To fix parts and hoses, we use clamp clamps and hot glue gun.

The burner flame is adjusted and adjusted in the following ways:

1. gas control valve - current;
2. moving the nozzle (nozzle) along the axis of the injection chamber, changing its opening.
3. changing the size and shape of the supply window through which atmospheric air enters.

The last two methods are used when setting up . They do not need to be changed during operation. However, if you are not sure of the accuracy of the design calculations, you should take care of the possibility of adjusting them.

Popular varieties

Now let's look at the most common models.

With soldering attachment

This device is intended for heating medium-sized parts, as well as for compact soldering. This occurs due to heating from the sting flame. Such a torch can easily be called a soldering iron without wires. The gas reservoir has a capacity of 8 milliliters. When filling with butane, the flame temperature is 1300 degrees, and the tip temperature is 450. The flame length can be adjusted within 4-6 centimeters. The diameter of the burner is 1.5 centimeters and the length is 13 centimeters.

The price of this model is approximately 400 rubles.

Advantages:

• easy refueling;
• presence of a nozzle for contact soldering;
• the refill is enough to seal several medium-sized parts;
• low price;
• compactness.

Disadvantages: there is no piezo ignition.

Micro burner

There is nothing in this device except a nozzle with a gas supply regulator and a tank with a filling valve. It does not have piezo ignition and is supplied unfilled. In this regard, you will have to additionally purchase a gas can (can be used for lighters). Such a burner is enough to heat heat shrink or solder two wires without a soldering iron. The weight of such a device is 43 grams, and the length is up to 20 centimeters.

The price of the equipment is 200 rubles. This is the cheapest device of this type.

The advantages are the following parameters:

• easy refueling;
• the lowest price.

Flaws:

• there is no piezo ignition;
• the gas station runs out quickly;
• the flame is small.

Mini soldering iron KVT XZ-1

This is a remarkable device from a brand that produces gas equipment. It has piezo ignition. The set includes: 4 soldering tips, a tip cleaning sponge, and a solder spool.

For contact soldering, the stated power of the soldering iron is 137 W. For a soldering iron weighing 120 grams and 21 centimeters long, this is a lot. Electric soldering irons have never even dreamed of such weight and size characteristics. This soldering iron is not positioned as a torch, but it can be used in this capacity - the flame comes out like a pencil.

The price of such equipment is 2300 rubles.

Disadvantages: high price.

Advantages:

• high thermal power;
• good case;
• there is a set of components;
• convenient for soldering;
• famous brand.

Iris Barcelona

This type of equipment is intended for repairing jewelry and electronic equipment, welding and soldering. Its flame is adjustable. You can refill with a regular gas cylinder, which is intended for lighters. The flame can reach a length of up to 3 centimeters, and the temperature can reach 1300 degrees. It can work for approximately 20 minutes. The length of the device is 20 centimeters.

Such a device costs 1,500 rubles.

Advantages:

• brand;
• presence of piezo ignition;
• small dimensions.

Disadvantages: the flame does not allow processing large and medium-sized parts.

Butane torch KVT X-220

Intended for repair and construction work. Looks stylish. The handle is corrugated and pleasant. The flame ignition system is piezoelectric. The capacity of the cylinder for highly purified butane is 22 millimeters. This volume of gas is enough for 110 minutes of continuous operation. The flame reaches a length of 3-8 centimeters, and its shape is adjustable from wedge-shaped sharp to soft with yellow tongues. The device is 14 centimeters long and weighs 226 grams.

Such a device costs approximately 1,600 rubles.

But the advantages are:

• comfortable handle;
• presence of piezo ignition;
• presence of a stand;
• is a good option for desktop work.

Flaws:

• You can’t get into a narrow place;
• large dimensions. Because of this, it will not fit in your pocket.

Manufacturing parameters

Before assembling the burner, you should determine in advance the required parameters, the main ones of which are:

1. Flame type – torch or vortex. The design of flameless burners is too complex to make at home. The torch flame affects a small area and is used for precision welding. Using a vortex, you can quickly heat large surface areas.
2. Flame adjustment device. The regulator allows you to reduce sludge and increase flow depending on the material and processing method. A water valve can be used for control.

Troubleshooting other problems

Problems with the piezoelectric element are the most common “disease” of gas burners, but they are far from the only one, since other parts can also fail. This is especially true for devices that are used for a long time and “mercilessly”. In any case, the structure will have to be completely disassembled and then carefully inspected.

Do-it-yourself gas burner repair may be required if a malfunction is detected in the operation of the nozzle. There are two options here.

1. Heavy pollution. This trouble occurs if gas was used to refuel the burner, the quality of which is far from ideal. The best option is to use lighter gas. Due to the accumulated dirt, fuel will not be able to enter the burner, which means there will be nothing for the device to work on. Cleaning the nozzle is a method that is quite accessible at home.
2. The second problem inside the nozzle is the ring falling out. A common reason is the appearance of cracks in it due to strong heating. The consequence is the impossibility of igniting the burner, since the spark will fly in different directions. In this case, repairing a gas burner will consist of making a homemade element. For example, a similar ring can be made from copper wire.

How do you repair a gas burner yourself if the source of the problem is the nozzle? In both cases, the technician has the opportunity to fix the problem himself.

Cleaning the nozzle yourself

Checking the nozzle for blockage is quite simple. You need to remove this element, then look through the hole into the light. If the white “spot” is not visible, then the “diagnosis” can be considered confirmed, so cleaning is necessary. However, there is one big obstacle to this operation. This is a small hole for which it is very difficult, almost impossible, to pick up a needle or thin wire.

Therefore, it is not always possible to mechanically clean the nozzle. Another disadvantage of “violent” actions is the risk of widening the hole. Such a defect will inevitably affect the operation of the burner - the flame will burn incorrectly: its height cannot be predicted. For this reason, experts recommend using two other methods.

1. Blowing out dirt. This method is suitable if the contamination is not yet too serious. The nozzle is removed, then pressed against the gas cartridge with the side with the hole, and begin to blow through. There is a chance to get rid of the interference in such a simple way. Instead of compressed gas, you can try using a powerful jet of water.
2. The nozzle gets very hot. It should be noted that this option refers to cardinal, even brutal decisions. Craftsmen use it at their own peril and risk, since a possible outcome is destruction (burning) of the part. A wire is attached to the removed nozzle and then heated red-hot using a second burner. After this, the part is dipped in cold water.

If you choose the best option, then it can be called the first, more gentle one. But it is also not always effective. Therefore, many consider it optimal to search for a thin wire and then sharpen its tip. One of the places where you can “get” a super-thin needle is a tattoo parlor (art tattoo studio). In this case, there is a chance to guarantee both the result and the safety of the part.

However, there are times when even these methods are powerless. Then, instead of cleaning or heating, they use a solvent wash, which is distributed with a soft brush. Some owners, after treating with gasoline, blow out the part using a pump. They say that this “tandem” always helps to get rid of blockages. Another rescue option is a product designed for cleaning carburetors.

Replacing the nozzle ring

When a gas burner is used intensively, the ring operating at high temperatures falls out after a certain period of time and is then completely lost. Due to damage or loss of such a part, it is unlikely that anyone will decide to buy a new gas burner. Finding a suitable replacement is also not the best solution, so the owner is left with the only option. This is making a ring with your own hands.

The material of the original element is brass, but purchasing it is not advisable, since such a ring will be equal in cost to the price of a new gas burner. Copper, or rather ordinary copper wire, can become a full-fledged replacement for this expensive alloy. Its cross section is 2.5 mm. To create a new part, first cut a piece to the required length. Then the wire is bent, focusing on the diameter of this nozzle element.

Air-gas injection burners

Burners of this type are called injection, since air is sucked into them (injected) due to the energy of gas jets emerging from one or more nozzles. With a single-nozzle burner, a stream of gas coming from a gas pipeline under pressure is ejected from the nozzle at high speed, as a result of which a vacuum is created in the mixer injector. Due to rarefaction, the surrounding air is sucked into the burner and, when moving along the mixer, mixes with the gas. The gas-air mixture passes through the throat of the mixer (narrow part), which levels out the flow of the mixture, and enters its expanding part - the diffuser, where the speed of the mixture decreases and the pressure increases. After the diffuser, the gas-air mixture enters either the confuser, where its speed increases to the calculated speed, and is supplied through the mouth to the combustion site, or into a manifold with fire holes. Coming out of these holes, the gas-air mixture burns in the form of small bluish-violet torches with an inner cone of greenish-blue color.

Injection burners are divided into medium-pressure burners, capable of injecting all the air necessary for complete combustion of the gas, and low-pressure burners, most often injecting only part of the air, which is called primary. The rest of the air - secondary - enters the combustion zone due to rarefaction in the firebox or due to convection in the atmosphere. Stable operation of medium-pressure burners without flame loss is possible only with the presence of a flame stabilizer. Low pressure burners can operate without special stabilizing devices.

A characteristic feature of the operation of injection burners is the dependence of the primary air consumption coefficient α primary on the vacuum (back pressure) in the furnace. At a constant position of the air damper, α first increases with increasing vacuum, and decreases with increasing back pressure. The greater the pressure of the injection gas, the less this dependence affects: the vacuum (back pressure) in the furnace has the greatest effect on the operation of low-pressure burners, the minimum - on the operation of medium-pressure burners at a pressure in front of the nozzle of more than 0.4-0.5 kgf/cm2.

Some designs of injection burners do not have a diffuser part (injection and mixing occur in a cylindrical mixer) and a control air damper.

Main advantages: no energy consumption for driving a fan to supply air, automatic maintenance of the calculated ratio of the quantities of gas and injected air within certain limits and their good mixing. Disadvantages: limited control range with an α value of about 1, high noise level when using medium and high pressure gas, dependence of injection capacity on the degree of vacuum in the furnace, difficulty in using heated air.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

A detailed story and visual demonstration will help you better understand all the features of the process and then repeat it yourself:

Instructions for unscrewing the top of the blowtorch, cutting the siphon tube from the body and assembling the gas burner:

As the popular saying goes, there are so many people, so many opinions. By analogy, we can say: as many home craftsmen as there are, there are as many ways to make homemade burners. The following video serves as proof of this;

Making a gas burner from a blowtorch is easy. You can get by with the simplest tools that a home craftsman will probably have. If you have minimal skills, the whole job will take no more than 30-40 minutes. As a result, you will receive the equipment you need for your household practically free of charge, and at the same time you will receive satisfaction from the work successfully done.

If you have experience in assembling a gas burner or upgrading existing equipment, please share it with site visitors. You can leave stories about your own production, useful tips, and photos of the process in the block below. In it, ask questions about unclear and controversial issues.

Types of burners

According to their design and functional differences, burner devices are divided into:

By purpose:

• for high power industrial equipment
• for household equipment.

By type of fuel used:

• devices for natural gas;
• devices for liquefied gas;
• universal devices.

By adjusting the flame:

• single-stage – capable of operating on/off;
• two-stage (as a variation - models with smooth modulation) - operate at full power, when the desired temperature is reached, the flame is reduced by half;
• modulating - boilers with a modulating burner are characterized by smooth adjustment of the flame power.

According to the principle of operation:

1. injection/atmospheric. They operate by supplying air from the room. They are installed respectively in open combustion chambers. Also used for old-style boiler models.
2. fan/supercharged. They work in isolated combustion chambers. Combustion air is supplied by a fan. According to their design features, they are divided into: - vortex (round-shaped nozzle holes) - direct-flow (shape of a narrow slot with a round/rectangular cross-section).
3. diffuse-kenetic. Air enters two simultaneously: one is mixed with gas fuel, the second is added directly to the chamber during combustion.

Principle of operation

Portable mini-gas burners with piezo ignition can be of different designs. For some models, the cylinders may be disposable, while for others they can be removable, and still others even work with stationary ones. Many portable burners have piezo ignition to make starting a fire safe and easy. This device is mainly used for soldering copper pipes or other products made of not very refractory metal. During soldering, different solders are used - liquid or solid soldering acids.

During operation, the mixture contained therein is supplied from the cylinder: acetylene, propane or butane. The gas enters the nozzle and is ignited there. The flow of fire that has formed allows the part to be heated to the required temperature at which soldering will be possible.

A portable mini-torch with piezo ignition can be used for soldering wires, cables, pipes, copper, as well as for repairing electronics with various types of solders. It may also be useful for repairing some parts in the car (radiator and others).

But the scope of application of a device with piezo ignition is not limited to soldering of products. It can also be used in some plumbing work, during corrosion of products or during dismantling to warm up parts.

There are also some non-standard ways to use a portable device. If you like fishing, picnics or hunting, then this device may be useful to you in the field. It can be used to quickly heat up food or start a fire. Using this unit, you can quickly scorch game while hunting.

Application

The scope of use of this equipment is very wide. It can be useful for installing climate control systems, repairing cooling equipment, carrying out plumbing work and other operations. It is often necessary to use this device even when making jewelry. In these cases, one or another type of equipment may be required.

Gas burners are classified according to the following principles.

1. According to the method of adjusting the flame - with a power regulator or piezo ignition.
2. The nozzles are replaceable, rotating, and resemble a spear.
3. According to the scope of application - equipment of a narrow focus and multifunctional.

Design features of the gas burner

This element of the unit creates a stable flame; it is in the burner that the fuel entering the device is burned. Then the resulting heat moves upward, where there is a heat exchanger through which the coolant liquid moves. Combustion products and excess heat escape into the atmosphere in one way or another.

The gas burner has a simple design; it consists of several main components, including:

1. Nozzle – used to release gas.
2. Ignition system – designed to ignite gaseous fuel.
3. A sensor that monitors the presence of a burning flame.
4. Automation system – monitors temperature indicators.

This is how the design looks simplified.

Modern gas burners for heating boilers are devices that must meet a number of requirements:

Quiet operation. Is an important quality. Many consumers are familiar with Soviet-era instantaneous water heaters, in which the flame made a lot of noise. But modern models operate relatively quietly. Also, when choosing a device, you should pay attention to the ignition, since there should be no explosions or pops. The noise level is additionally affected by the design of the combustion chamber.

Long period of operation In older models of gas units, burners worked for a long time, since at that time the equipment was made to last. Nowadays such technologies are not used, so these elements installed in gas boilers break down quite often. In this case, experts recommend purchasing devices manufactured under well-known brands, for which they use high-quality components. You should not buy Chinese equipment of unknown manufacture and cheap domestically produced boilers, since they often have short-lived burners installed.

Complete combustion of gaseous fuel

This is an important requirement, since the burner must burn natural gas completely with minimal release of combustion products and other associated compounds, including carbon monoxide. The degree of combustion is also affected by other components

We should not forget about arranging high-quality gas removal - for this you need to make a chimney that has good draft.

The operating principle of a gas burner is simple:

1. The unit detects the presence of a discrepancy between the temperature in the heating circuit and the indicators specified by the equipment users.
2. After opening the gas valve, fuel enters the burner.
3. At the same time, the ignition system is activated.
4. Once the gas is ignited, a flame appears.

At the same time, the flame sensor starts working, which monitors its presence: if the fire suddenly goes out, the automation shuts off the fuel supply. Once the heating system reaches the required temperature, the gas supply stops.

Types of burner ignition

A modern instantaneous gas water heater is produced with automatic ignition and a manual pilot ignition system.

For economic reasons, manual ignition is unprofitable. The system consists of a piezoelectric element activated by pressing a button. Pressing a key produces a spark that ignites the igniter. The operation is simple, but the igniter constantly burns throughout the day, consuming gas. It is irrational to turn it off, since you will often have to re-ignite it when you need to consume hot water.

Auto-ignition occurs immediately after opening the hot water tap:

• The first operating principle of electronic ignition is based on batteries. The waiting igniter does not light. When the mixer tap is opened, the pressure in the water supply changes and the sensor gives a signal to the electronic unit to ignite. The energy from the batteries creates a spark. The flame lit on the igniter ignites the burner. Having done its job, the igniter turns off until the next start. Battery ignition does not require much energy. The battery charge lasts for a year.
• The second operating principle of auto-ignition is based on a hydrogen generator. The instantaneous gas water heater is equipped with a turbine instead of batteries. It is driven by the flow of water created in the water supply when the mixer tap is opened. The hydrogenerator produces a spark that ignites the igniter.

Gas water heaters with automatic ignition are beneficial due to lower gas consumption and ease of use.

Gas oven thermostat

In order for the oven to work correctly and food to cook within the specified temperature range, a thermostat or thermostat is installed inside the cabinet. They can be mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic; to control a given mode, a rotary knob, button, or other, more complex and highly accurate devices are used. What is a thermostat in a household gas stove and how does it regulate the operating mode of the oven?

Gas stove thermostat diagram:

Diagram of a dilatometric oven thermostat: 1 - tubular rod; 2 - movable wedge; 3 - ball; 4 - pusher; 5 - spring-loaded valve; 6 - spring.

How does a gas oven thermostat work?

The operating principle of such a thermostat is very simple. The dilatometer, which records the temperature increase in the oven, heats up, causing the linear rod to expand. It activates a mechanism that ultimately acts on the spring-loaded valve. The stronger the heating inside the oven, the further the spring-loaded valve will move and close the gas supply hole. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases, the linear rod decreases and the system works in the reverse order, opening a larger hole for gas access and increasing the temperature inside the oven.

Gas oven thermostat

The maximum temperature inside the oven is limited by a switch knob installed on the front panel of the gas stove.

How to check if the thermostat is working

Having figured out what a thermostat or temperature controller is in a gas stove, you need to make sure that this device is working properly.

Significant errors in the instrument readings can ruin any culinary masterpiece. In one case, the food will simply burn, in the other, it will remain raw. To check the thermostat, it is best to invite a specialist who, using precision instruments, will identify any deviations in temperature readings, up to 1 °C. If this is not possible, and a difference of 3-5 °C is not of great importance, you can check it yourself:

1. Turn on the oven at 150°C;
2. Place a mechanical thermometer inside the oven, designed to measure temperatures in the appropriate temperature range;
3. Leave the oven on for 20-25 minutes until the temperature reaches the desired level;
4. After 20 minutes, check the temperature readings on the thermometer and thermostat. If the difference in indicators exceeds 5-10 °C, the temperature controller needs to be repaired.

Important: to repair a gas stove, you must invite a specialist, since the problem may not only be a damaged thermostat, but also noticeable heat loss due to a loose door

Damn resistor

The mentioned resistor of the electrical ignition circuit is often rated at 3.9 kOhm. The dissipation power is 0.5, less often 1 W. The size of the capacitance has long been known (according to forum members) - a couple of fractions above 2 microfarads (the numbers go in jumps according to the series given by GOST, it will not be possible to find exactly 2 microfarads, except from the E24 series) with an operating voltage of 250 volts. A radio amateur will not notice any difficulties. There were times when fuel assemblies were rewound manually!

The average person wants to know the sequence of actions. First, you need to turn off the electric ignition of the gas stove from the voltage source. The second step is to remove the electronic, high-voltage units. The design consists of separate printed circuit boards, a single substrate. There are other options.

Begin your inspection by assessing the quality of the tracks and solder joints. The conductor layer, which looks like a silver stripe, is covered with a layer of varnish. Made to protect the electrical ignition circuit from external factors, primarily moisture. The varnish reliably covers the conductive layer. Do you have nail polish at home? It will fit one hundred percent.

The deposits are cleaned off with zero sandpaper, degreased with alcohol, and varnished on top. The peeled, torn tracks of the electrical ignition circuit are restored.

Example. The conductive layer is torn. Both edges are lightly sanded, tinned, and joined with solder. Varnish is applied over the cooled solder, alcohol is used as needed. For wiping the printed circuit board, of course.

The burnt resistor is black. The denomination is indicated above. It is not forbidden to install a more powerful element. Eyewitnesses unanimously say: the further process of operation is going excellently. Let's give the stove circuit a resistor with a nominal value of 9 kOhm. It is better to take the dissipation power equal to greater than the similar parameter of the original element. 1 W is fine.

A capacitor failure can be seen from afar. Some (electrolytic) swell; the swollen barrel cannot be missed by an attentive master. Regarding the denominations, it is recommended to ask members of the forum. Modern marking of resistors with multi-colored rings is more complex than the traditional alphanumeric inscription. Tolerance was expressed as a percentage.

Repairing an electric ignition gas stove can be a simple matter. If the windings of the transformer are burnt out, you will have to buy a new one. Do you want to check the location of the fault? At each output we find a pair that rings. The resistance (use a multimeter) is hundreds of ohms. There were “legs” hanging in the air: most likely a problem with the installation of the transformer. Rewinding the activity is not easy. The Internet will provide you with valuable information. A core shaped like the letter W is used. There are dozens of primary turns; the secondary winding will have to be taken seriously.

Features and history of creation

The first gas stove was invented back in the century before last, shortly after the general gasification in England. One of the gas factory workers named James Sharp was the first to think about using gas for cooking. It was he who, in 1825, designed the first analogue of a modern gas stove and installed it at home, significantly simplifying his life.

10 years later, factory production of such devices began, however, at first accidents often occurred, since people were not yet accustomed to the fact that gas must be handled very carefully

The period from 1837 to 1848 saw the evolution of the gas cooking appliance. The first models created by de Merle were not perfect enough. Afterwards they were improved by d'Elsner, who was an inventor. All these models still did not bear much resemblance to modern ones. But in 1857, the most advanced model of that time was invented by de Beauvoir, and it was this design that subsequently formed the basis for the creation of gas stoves for many years.

On the territory of Russia, stoves appeared only in the 30s of the last century, since mass gasification began after the revolution. However, the new devices were mainly used in apartments rather than private homes

Gas-powered units significantly saved housewives’ time, so they considered this feature a good compensation for the need for careful handling. Modern modified gas devices have a number of features

Among them there are both fairly new characteristics and those that were characteristic of all previous models.

• This unit only runs on gas. Therefore, it is necessary to either connect it to the general gas supply system, or supply fuel from a cylinder.
• A characteristic feature is the low cost of operation of this device. Even if you cook a lot, you won't have to pay a big utility bill because gas is cheap.
• A gas stove performs 3 main functions for cooking. It allows you to cook, fry and bake foods (if you have an oven).
• In most cases, the stove requires a hood, since sometimes the gas on which the device operates has a specific odor.
• A negative feature of the device is the need for extremely careful and attentive handling of it. Otherwise, there is a possibility of a gas leak, which could cause an explosion in the living space and tragic consequences.
• In the modern market of household appliances, gas stove models are presented in various embodiments.

How to light it?

Special literature usually indicates a clear procedure for igniting the device. First of all, oxygen access is opened. Then the combustion gas is supplied. The resulting mixture must be ignited immediately. Extinguishing is carried out in the opposite order: first the gas valve is closed, then the tap responsible for the oxygen supply is closed.

The problem is that if you turn on the oxygen first and then the gas, the flame is likely to be blown out by the oxygen flow. Therefore, the feed should not be opened completely, but by ¼. Some solve the problem differently: they initially open the gas, ignite it and gradually open the access of oxygen. This method helps to adjust the torch, and the only drawback is a small amount of soot.

Typology

The market offers a variety of gas cylinders for burners. The selection of a highly specialized or universal tool is determined by the requirements of the tasks:

• Activation time for one-time operations;
• The need to create a certain temperature;
• The amount of air involved in fuel combustion: diffusion, injection with full/partial mixing with air in front of the outlet;
• Control of the combustion process, temperature increase/decrease;
• Weight and dimensions of the complete device, grip;
• Volume and type of cylinders, connection method;
• Calorific value of the combustible mixture;
• The gas burner on the canister has piezo ignition and a clamp to keep the valve in working condition.

Tourist

The simplest device according to the requirements is a burner for cooking and heating a tent. The butane filler provides a temperature of 800–1000 C. There are 3 types of placement of the heating object:

• Installation directly on a cylinder with a wide base;
• Side connection;
• Removed via flexible hose.

Installation on a kerosene stove-type cylinder is compact, but the technical solution causes criticism:

• The load on the body is high;
• Instability of combustion, blowing out of fire by wind;
• Instability of the structure;
• Inadmissibility of installing wind protection;
• The case may overheat.

Important! Overheating of the cylinder body can lead to an explosion.

The stability of the structure allows installation on unprepared soil

Remote hose placement is fire safe. The fireplace can be protected with wind shields. The combustion intensity is adjusted using a gearbox.

Artificially pressurized lamp

Injection gas burners for a can with piezo ignition and additional air intake are suitable for melting, soldering with copper, refractory fluxes, and heat treatment. The variety of tools includes miniature ones for jewelers and decorators, solid ones for long-term use with high consumption of flammable substances.

Fundamental differences determine the caloric content of the fuel and the exit front of the pre-air-enriched mixture from the nozzle. A narrowed dagger torch is necessary for high-temperature soldering.

Expanded – replacement of the forge, hardening furnace.

The power of a gas blowtorch ranges from 1.5–3 kW. The conditional division into professional and amateur models is reflected in the cost. Filling the cylinder up to 0.5 liters with many hours of use.

Focused supply of thermal energy leads to fuel savings. The set includes several nozzles of different orientations and flame concentrations. Changing the nozzles turns the tool into a microcircuit soldering iron or micro-cutter.

Pencil-type burners have a built-in container that must be refilled from a standard cylinder. The hose extension will allow you to use a container from the retail chain.

Soldering iron

A gas soldering iron is less often equipped with a piezo ignition. The temperature balance is lower and the scope of application is narrower. But mastering technical skills is easier. In half of the cases, preliminary mixing of gaseous media is not provided.

The concentration of the torch core is not provided. Long-term heat treatment of large areas does not threaten the cylinder with overheating by the reflected heat flow due to the elongation of the gas supply tube and the dispersion of the flame.

Cutter

A gas torch is suitable as a substitute for a blowtorch if you expand and lengthen the torch. Soldering iron for refractory solders when focusing the core by installing a nozzle with a swirling flame.

Gas equipment

Fuel containers vary in configuration, size, filling volume, and composition of the combustible mixture. The main difference in the fastening method:

• Threaded, European standard - external thread, US standard - increased diameter.
• Collet.
• With internal valve.
• Pierceable.

Standardized thread is the preferred option. The burner or extension hose is screwed onto the neck. A fuel leak is unlikely. The connection is reliable.

The valve-type cartridge prevents gas loss. The connection with the burner or extension cord is made by forcefully pressing and then turning the lock until it stops.

Punctureable balloons are less common. The inconvenience is that before the cylinder is empty, disconnecting the burner is impossible without losing the contents.

Adapters allow you to universally use cylinders of any type and design for the purchased equipment. A pair of adapters will eliminate difficulties with selection and articulation.

What gas can be used

Acetylene, hydrogen, and substitute gases (natural gas, propane-butane) can be used as combustible materials for a gas burner. Some designs operate on liquid flammable substances and waste oil.

gas burner cylinder marking

The combustible substance enters the acetylene burner from the generator apparatus, where calcium carbide decomposes into slaked lime and acetylene. The gas for the burner has a pressure of 100-150 mmHg. Nitrogen obtained from atmospheric air is used as a shielding gas, which prevents the formation of scale, and water is used as a catalyst for the decomposition of carbide.

The hydrogen torch is the most popular among similar equipment designed for gas-flame processing. It is important that when using it, only water vapor is released, so it is the safest. When an aqueous alkali solution decomposes, hydrogen burns, followed by the release of energy, which is needed to speed up welding. Hydrogen protects the weld from exposure to oxygen, thereby preventing oxidation of surfaces.

Many owners have an idea of ​​how a liquid fuel gas burner works, since the operation of a kerosene stove is based on this principle. When heated in a special coil, the flammable liquid turns into gas and due to this, significant savings are achieved during subsequent combustion. As a rule, kerosene and Galosha gasoline are used as liquid fuel.

Knowing how to use a gas burner during mining, or a Babington burner, you can significantly save on consumables and reduce the cost of work. Such designs use motor, compressor, and any vegetable oil as fuel. The fuel enters a spherical part, from which it is blown off by a stream of compressed air. The resulting small droplets then ignite.