The HDMI digital interface has firmly taken its place at the top of technology. Leading technical characteristics and constant updating of specifications have led to the high popularity of this method of data transmission. They try to use the HDMI interface in all cases where the equipment has suitable connectors for this. And even in cases where there is a socket on only one device, users prefer to connect via adapters, using this one. It is for this reason that the relevance of today’s article is greater than ever.
Despite the relatively low cost of adapters, many people prefer to repair them or even make them themselves. However, data transfer is a delicate matter, therefore, not knowing what and how to do, you can cause a serious breakdown. Therefore, theory comes first in this matter. First of all, you need to get an idea of how data transfer is organized. After this, the next step is to understand which contact is transmitting each type of data. In the field of electronics, this is called in one word - pinout. This is exactly what we will talk about. Let's figure out what types of connectors are found and how many contacts they have. It will also describe which contact is responsible for what. The HDMI cable pinout can help those who want to make an adapter or repair an existing one.
Video cables and adapters: types and purpose.
Currently, there are many video transmission standards. They were developed by different companies at different times and it is not surprising that different connectors and cables are used in different standards. If this does not cause problems within one device, then when expanding a multimedia system, sooner or later you will encounter problems when transmitting a video signal from one device to another. These problems can be divided into three types:
1. There is no standard cable or its length is not enough. 2. Paired devices use the same video signal transmission standard, but have different connectors. 3. The paired devices use different video signal standards.
The first problem is solved using video cables.
To solve the second problem, adapters are designed, which are a pair of connectors of different standards connected in a small housing. Here you need to have a good understanding of which connectors are used within the same video transmission standard and are, in principle, compatible with each other.
To be fair, it should be noted that strange-looking adapters do exist and even work. But such adapters are always included with some kind of equipment that can recognize a non-standard signal on the connector and process it accordingly. Using such adapters on other devices may be fatal for those devices.
To solve the third problem, video signal converters are used. These should be used with caution, making sure that the converter is suitable for your equipment and does not spoil the image quality. This is especially true for digital to analog signal converters and vice versa.
How to connect a Samsung TV to digital television without a set-top box
Modern Samsung devices connect to digital TV without a tuner. The setup process is not complicated, because it is carried out automatically by the system itself; you just need to select the desired parameter. Instructions:
- Open the menu and enter the “Broadcast” section.
- Select automatic setting.
- When selecting a source, indicate the connected antenna or input used.
- In the “Channel Type” tab, click on “Digital Broadcasting”.
- In the search mode item, select – Full.
- Click "Scanner".
- Detected broadcasts will appear in the list. They are saved automatically. Wait for the system to complete the procedure.
- If necessary, the auto search can be started again.
In some cases, manual configuration may be required. For example, when the auto search ends with an error or does not find the entire list of broadcasts. To manually configure, go to the “Channel” section in the menu and in place of the antenna, select the connected cable.
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Then:
- In the countries tab, change to Russia or Eastern Europe.
- Go to "Cable Search Settings".
- Using the remote control, specify the frequencies - 298000-362000 kHz.
- Select Digital.
- Search type – Network.
Characteristics of video cables and adapters.
Length of cable
should be selected in such a way that it is sufficient for the required connection with a small margin. It is not worth taking a cable that is too long unless necessary - even the best cables reduce the level of the useful signal, and the longer the cable, the more.
Ferrite rings
or
shielding
is a method of protecting the transmitted video signal from electromagnetic interference. It should be borne in mind that shielding as protection against interference will be ineffective if the equipment is not grounded.
The PVC insulation of conventional video cables is quite rigid; such cables have little flexibility, which can be inconvenient. Rubber insulation itself has poor resistance to mechanical stress, but placing it inside a fabric braid
protects the cable from mechanical damage, maintaining its flexibility. The aesthetic role cannot be denied - a fabric-braided wire looks more beautiful.
Connectors
. To understand which connectors can have adapters from which ones, let’s divide all connectors into groups that use compatible data transfer formats.
Composite video is a method of transmitting an analog video signal over one channel. Working adapters are only possible within one group.
RCA (Phono)
are used to transmit analog signals - component YPbPr and composite.
Despite the identical connectors, the standards are incompatible; it is impossible to connect a component output to a composite input (and vice versa) using an adapter.
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The most common adapters: RCA - SCART, TRS - RCA, TRRS - 3 x RCA. For adapters of the last two types, you should make sure that the adapter is wired correctly in relation to the equipment used and that the signals on both sides of the adapter are consistent.
The most common adapters: SVGA – DVI-I, SVGA – Displayport
The most common adapters: DVI-I – SVGA, DVI-D – HDMI, DVI – Displayport
There are several versions of the HDMI format, but the connectors and their wiring are the same for all versions. When it comes to cables, older versions of HDMI have higher bandwidth, so they place higher demands on cable quality. Cable standard
HDMI speaks more about the quality of the cable than about its compatibility with a particular version of HDMI.
There are HDMI connectors with smaller dimensions - miniHDMI and microHDMI. They are all completely mutually compatible.
The most common adapters: HDMI-miniHDMI, HDMI-microHDMI, DVI-D - HDMI, HDMI - Displayport
The most common adapters: HDMI - Displayport, DVI - Displayport, Displayport - miniDisplayport, Displayport-SVGA.
Why do you need adapter - tulip ? It is most often used in the playback and transmission of audio and video data. Why is there a need for such an adapter and where can I get it?
Design and operation of the adapter
The HDMI connection has been widely used over the past few years to transmit high-definition video (hence its name, High Definition Multimedia Interface). Thus, it can be used to synchronize playback between monitors and TVs. The ease and security of the connection is complemented by the fact that HDMI is one cable without additional plugs.
As for the “tulip” (RCA connector), it was first proposed back in the 1940s (see hdmi rca adapter). It has a lot of difficulties in its operation, and connecting it is not so convenient, since you need to plug in correctly (and without mixing up) as many as three plugs.
That is why an HDMI adapter was developed - a tulip, which today can be bought in almost any component store or radio store. It is mainly used in converting video and audio, as well as in connecting older and newer equipment.
If you needed to use, for example, an old analog camera to play video on a modern TV, you will most likely need an HDMI adapter, the price of which, however, is not so high.
This adapter is a small hardware unit with a cord that connects one end to the HDMI port and the other to three RCA plugs (tulip).
Is it possible to save money by buying an adapter?
As the practice of folk craftsmen shows, you can make an HDMI adapter - a tulip with your own hands. True, it is not at all a fact that it will work properly and provide clear signal transmission. And no one is responsible for the safety of the equipment.
If you need to use an HDMI adapter - a tulip, then you should undertake its additional modification or any experiments only if you consider yourself a specialist in the field of radio electronics. If not, then it is best to simply connect the adapter according to the instructions with two devices and check its operation. First you need to make sure that both of these devices are working properly.
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SCART, as a unified connector, was first introduced by a French company. It was created to optimize signals from devices from various manufacturers. Thanks to the creation of a single format, users had the opportunity to buy models of household appliances from different brands, thereby allowing them to make a choice in favor of comfort, convenience, reliability and practicality.
The introduction of the universal connector was carried out intensively, by banning, starting in 1981, the production of equipment with other types of connections. The new format was introduced as mandatory for all manufacturers without exception. But at the same time, SCART began to be actively used throughout Europe only 3 years later, becoming a standard regulated by EN 50049-1. Due to its format and design, the connector has received many common names, such as comb and ratchet.
Distribution of the new format
The French connector received universal approval and became the same for almost all European and Japanese manufacturers, which is why it is still used to this day to equip various household and specialized equipment , in particular, televisions:
- video recorders;
- TVs;
- DVD players;
- digital TV set-top boxes;
- special video editing equipment and much more.
The universal connector is easy to maintain due to the separation of contacts over fairly large distances, which greatly simplifies the process of diagnosing signals and performing other manipulations. The main feature of Scart is that when using it, the connection error factor . What does its special asymmetrical body shape indicate? The universal French connector is still used today as the main one for many types of equipment.
Which Samsung TVs require a set-top box?
Some Samsung models support digital TV without a receiver. Such TVs already have a built-in Smart TV and can easily connect to home Wi-Fi. A tuner with DVB-T2 support is built into models released after 2012 by the manufacturer. These include the series - LS, M, Q, H, J, K, F, E. They do not require a separate set-top box, just connect the antenna and perform the initial setup through the main television menu.
To find out if a receiver is required, you need to check your TV model. The number is located on the back panel. In the image shown, the device belongs to the F series.
Contact distribution
The SCART connector is equipped with several groups of contacts that provide transmission of certain signals from the TV and back:
- 5 lines for transmitting and receiving audio;
- 9 lines for receiving and transmitting video signals;
- 2 lines for selecting modes;
- 3 lines for digital data transmission.
All lines are marked in different colors, which greatly facilitates the process of installation and connection of various devices. SCART is still very popular among a large number of users.
The scart implemented the ability to transmit stereo audio signals, which was later transferred to other more modern types of HDMI connectors. Due to the design features of the connector, data transfer is possible when controlled remotely. also connect unmodulated signals:
Component video signals include RGB and YPbPr. And S-Video includes 2 lines. The function of switching video signal reception modes and waking the TV from sleep mode upon command from an external device was added to the connector only in the late 80s. In the same years, SCART was supplemented with 2 video signal transmission lines S-Video.
Although the interface is large and inconvenient, many manufacturers still install it in their equipment with the expectation of using it to connect to old TV receivers . And in order to connect other types of devices to it, for example, a video camera, you will need a special adapter.
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What you need to understand
You should be aware that the adapter in question can ensure the operation and full functioning of a device that has a VGA video input only if it can automatically detect the type of incoming video signal. An indicator of this will be the ability to select the mode in which data will be transmitted to RGB/YPbPr. Usage will be positively impacted by sending these types of signals. Why is that?
The fact is that RGB and HV.sync (for example, data coming from the output of a personal computer’s video card) are converted to RGB, which has sync pulses in the green channel (Y). It, in turn, turns into the color-difference YPbPr. And as a result, we can conclude that these signals are not the same thing, although they can convey the same information. Therefore, carefully study what a VGA RCA adapter looks like.
Description of the purpose of some pin groups
SCART is equipped with multifunctional outputs; when different voltages are applied, the execution device can be switched to different modes. For example, if there is a 0-2V signal on pin 8, it switches the TV to normal TV operation mode from an external antenna. When a 5-8V signal is applied to this pin, a widescreen mode for displaying pictures on TV is established. And a nominal voltage of 9.5-12V indicates the normal aspect ratio mode.
There is also a multifunctional pin numbered 16. With its help, one of two reception modes is selected: composite signal, RGB . The first requires a signal of no more than 0.4V, and to receive a color-difference signal from 1 to 3V.
The versatility of the connector lies in supporting three operating modes simultaneously:
Necessary equipment
The only equipment you need is an antenna and the receiver itself. But, if the TV already supports Smart TV, then a receiver is not needed. When choosing an antenna, questions may arise; below we will consider the nuances and features of the equipment.
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Which antenna to choose
First of all, you should find out the distance to the nearest television tower. If the repeater is not located far away, then a simple antenna will do.
Thus, the following classification can be presented:
- Indoor antennas. Good signal reception performance if the repeater is located nearby - in the city or close to the house. The distance to the tower should not exceed 15 kilometers.
- External. If the tower is located at long distances, then choose a device that operates in the decimeter range. That is, it should capture frequencies from 470 to 860 MHz.
Do you want to set up digital TV in a country house where the tower is located at a great distance? Choose an antenna together with an amplifier.
Outdoor antenna
When choosing an outdoor antenna, consider the following recommendations:
- Choose a device without an amplifier. Such equipment is not necessary for outdoor antennas.
- Give preference to directional types of antennas.
- If you are planning to set up digital TV in a country house where there are rather difficult conditions for signal reception, then purchase wide-angle antennas.
- In more difficult conditions, choose one with a preamplifier.
Indoor antenna
Many models of indoor antennas are supplied with an amplifier included. This is due to the fact that the presented devices do not have high amplification rates.
Receiver selection
You will find many receivers in the digital equipment market. The main difference is the functionality, which determines the cost of the set-top box.
If you have any questions or complaints, please let us know.
It makes no sense to give specific recommendations on choosing a console. Choose a device according to your preferences, taking into account the financial component. But, you should not buy a receiver that is too cheap.
SCART-S-Video adapter
One type of connector format cannot exist, because over time technology develops and more advanced methods of transmitting information without loss appear. But the most important thing is that many manufacturers strive to reduce the size of their products, so they equip them with smaller connectors. One of these was the round format with 4 outputs S-Video. This is a small connector with a screen and two pairs of contacts. Such connectors have become used in modern types of equipment of almost all models.
Due to the emergence of new formats, it was necessary to create universal adapters to organize communication between an external device and an old generation TV. This adapter is a shielded connecting cable that combines SCART connectors with S-Video. On SCART, the wiring diagram is presented above; it does not have any particular difficulties for implementation.
Pinout
How to pinout a 15 pin D-Sub connector? The numbers go from left to right:
1 – RY (Pr). 2 – Y. 3 – BY (Pb). 4 – Ground – Brown. 5 – Ground – WhtBrown. 6 – Ground RY (Pr) – WhtRed. 7 – Ground Y – WhtGreen. 8 – Ground BY (Pb) – WhtBlue. 9 – Not needed. 10 – Ground. 11 – Not needed. 12 – DDC DAT. 13 – Horizontal Synchronization. 14 – Vertical Synchronization. 15 – DDC Clock.
For the VGA RCA adapter cable we need six pins out of the fifteen presented. How to properly wire connectors and contacts? Check out this picture and you will understand how and what to do.
So let's see what happened. If everything was soldered correctly, then you now have an adapter that can supply a video signal to VGA D-Sub on the 15 pins of the projector. You can see approximately what the final product should look like in the photographs presented in the article.
Scart-tulip adapter
Today there are many devices equipped not with S-Video, but with an even simpler split connection type, consisting of 3 simple plugs in yellow, white, red . Everything is simple here: yellow and white are lines for transmitting stereo audio, and red is for supplying a video signal to the TV. The plugs are two-pin tulip connectors with a thick central pin and an outer shield. The adapter is wired according to the diagram shown in the photo.
Scart to HDMI adapter
If the scart connector can be converted to a tulip or S-Video, then one conductor will not be enough when implementing the same manipulation to obtain an adapter for HDMI. The fact is that HDMI is a digital interface, and analog signals come out of the scart. Therefore, the adapter must be able to convert one signal to another. Special converters are used for this, so it will be difficult to make such a device yourself. It is much easier and safer for yourself to buy a ready-made scart-HDMI adapter with a power supply. The device is implemented in a small case that easily fits in the palm of your hand, so it does not require much space to be placed on the back of the T-receiver.
Converter connections
HDMI2AV
The most common device. You can find a lot of reviews and even firmware on the Internet. The average price is 500 rubles.
Preparing the device
The kit includes the converter itself and a MiniUSB cable; the power supply is not included. Suitable for any 0.5 amp phone. The wire is short, so it is better to buy a longer one and better quality.
To connect you will need:
- Power unit. As was said, a regular one from an old phone will do, but not from a “fast charger”. However, power can be supplied from the TV (if there are USB connectors) or a TV box, if you are using it.
- HDMI male-to-male cable. The "standard" format is used here.
- Papa-papa tulips. By the way, if your TV does not have such a connector, you can buy an adapter from Mini bell towers.
Now you can start connecting.
