Selecting a steel grade for the manufacture of vertical tanks

Comparison of steels 20 and 09g2s

Metal grades st20 and 09g2s are in demand in the market of pipes and pipeline fittings. They are used in domestic and foreign industry for the production of:

• rolled metal;
• welded structures;
• bends, supports and locking mechanisms;
• tees and transitions.

Their popularity is associated with high performance characteristics, which allow them to be used in regions with critically low outside temperatures, in high-pressure systems and sudden changes.

Despite the use of these brands in the same areas, their type and individual chemical and physical parameters differ. Therefore, the manufacturer selects the appropriate material in accordance with technical specifications, state and industry standards, and the characteristics of the transported working environment.

Steel 20 - characteristics

St20 refers to structural carbon steel. It is plastic, there are no restrictions on weldability. Parts are produced by drawing, casting with additional thermochemical treatment, hot and cold deformation methods.

The chemical composition includes the following elements:

• carbon content from 0.17 to 0.24% depending on the design;
• magnesium - up to 0.65%, silicon - up to 0.37%;
• phosphorus - up to 0.035%;
• other elements, including harmful ones, no more than 0.3%.

Alloying the metal with other elements improves the performance characteristics of the material. For example, adding up to 0.25% chromium increases resistance to moisture, so rolled metal is better protected from corrosion.

• The hardness of the material depends on whether heat treatment has been carried out. It varies between 372–412 MPa for pipes and rolled metal, the yield strength is 225–245 MPa.
• Operating temperature is from -40 to 450C, therefore suitable for use in the northern regions of the country.
• It has average thermal conductivity, which ensures optimal heating and cooling rates during product transportation.

Photos of products from Art. 20

Selecting a steel grade for the manufacture of vertical tanks

Print version February 27, 2022

The choice of steel grade for the production of vertical tanks is the starting point for the design and subsequent manufacture of vertical tanks. Our Plant offers two options when developing tank designs:

1. all the main parameters of the required tank(s) are provided by the Customer in the Questionnaire, including steel, thickness, overall dimensions, tank equipment, etc.
2. The customer specifies only the operating conditions of the tank(s), for example, stored product, operating temperature, pressure

Upon receipt of the completed Questionnaire, we design the tank based on the technical requirements provided by the Customer. If our design engineers find a different engineering solution that better meets the operational requirements, we justify it, confirm it with calculations, and as a result, together with the Customer, we come to the optimal solution.

In the second case, our employees are tasked with independently developing a design specification, part of which is the choice of steel, calculation of structural elements, dimensions, the need for thermal insulation or the installation of a heating system.

The first thing that is determined at the design stage is the steel grade.

The Saratov Reservoir Plant produces RVS from three main brands: St3sp, 09G2S and 12Х18Н10Т .

Vertical tanks made of steel St3sp

Steel St3sp5* refers to structural carbon steel of ordinary quality. It has the following chemical composition:

The main application is for the production of load-bearing elements of welded structures under variable loads and at temperatures in the range from -40ºС to +425ºС (for sheet metal up to 25 mm thick).

The physical properties of carbon steel St3sp are regulated by GOST 14637-89 (ISO 4995-78) “Rolled thick sheets of carbon steel of ordinary quality. Technical specifications (with Amendment No. 1)" and GOST 380-2005 "Ordinary quality carbon steel. Stamps (with Change No. 1)".

Due to the peculiarities of the physical and chemical properties of carbon steel, tanks made from it have the following features:

• impact strength ensures high durability of the structure at temperatures down to -20ºС, that is, at lower temperatures, tanks have a high risk of destruction due to the tendency of steel to become embrittled;
• tanks made of this steel can be welded by any method for which the welding performer is certified (automatic and manual arc welding, contact spot and electroslag welding)
• subject to the operating temperature conditions, the surfaces of the tank have a high degree of resistance to aggressive working environments, that is, they have increased corrosion resistance
• the homogeneous composition of rolled sheets allows the surfaces of the future tank to be treated by any technological methods to achieve the longest possible operation at the site

* for reference: “St” - steel, “3” - steel grade number, “sp” - degree of deoxidation of steel, in this case - calm (according to GOST 380-2005 “Ordinary quality carbon steel. Grades (with Change No. 1) ", "5" - steel category).

RVS tanks made of steel 09G2S

Steel 09G2S* refers to structural low-alloy steel, from which various welded structures are made. The main properties are imparted by the presence of alloying elements, namely carbon, silicon and manganese, the total mass fraction of which should not exceed 1-2%.

The physical and mechanical parameters of low-alloy steel grade 09G2S are regulated by GOST 5520-2017 “Rolling of thick sheets of unalloyed and alloyed steel for boilers and pressure vessels. Specifications (with Amendment)".

The physico-chemical properties of this steel make it possible to operate tanks made from it at temperatures from -70ºС to +425ºС. Thus, the Saratov Reservoir Plant produces vertical and horizontal tanks RVS and RGS in the northern version from steel 09G2S.

The high wear resistance of the metal also facilitates the operation of tanks with highly aggressive working environments and in harsh climatic conditions. Thus, tanks made of 09G2S steel are able to withstand severe deformations over a fairly long service life.

The widespread use of 09G2S steel is also explained by the fact that it has easy weldability during manual and automatic submerged arc welding and gas protection, which allows reducing the production time of tanks, vessels and containers.

An additional important bonus of using this alloy for the construction of tanks for storing various media is its cost-effectiveness, which is achieved due to the optimal cost of the rolled metal itself and the relative ease of construction of objects.

* for reference: “09” - carbon content in steel 0.09%, “G2” - manganese content 1.3-2%, “C” - presence of silicon in steel (up to 1%). Often, the steel marking displays the steel category, for example, 09G2S-12, which means what parameters of the alloy were tested during its production

Vertical stainless steel tanks (12Х18Н10Т)

Steel 12Х18Н10Т* belongs to high-carbon stainless steel, corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant grades of the austenitic class. Thanks to its properties, it can be used during operation from -196ºС to +800ºС. The chemical composition is determined by GOST 5632-2014 “Stainless steels and alloys are corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. Stamps (with Change No. 1)"

The physical parameters of stainless steel allow it to be used for operation with dilute acids and moderately aggressive alkaline substances, oxidizing agents, solvents, including at high pressure and cryogenic temperatures (see GOST 5949-2018 “Metal products from stainless steels and iron-nickel-based alloys are corrosive -resistant, heat-resistant and heat-resistant. Technical specifications")

Due to the chromium content, tanks made of stainless steel 12Х18Н10Т have high corrosion resistance (except for sulfur-containing compounds), which expands the scope of their (tanks) operation. Strength, hardness, the ability to use any welding technology with subsequent heat treatment and hygiene - all this makes tanks made of this steel widely used in the petrochemical, gas, heat and power, as well as in the food and cryogenic industries.

The Saratov Reservoir Plant produces tanks and containers made of 12Х18Н10Т for storing acids, alkalis, liquefied gases, solvents and other aggressive media at high pressure and extremely low and high temperatures.

* for reference: “12” is the percentage of carbon, “x18” is the percentage of chromium, “n10” is the percentage of nickel, “T” is the presence of titanium up to 1.5%

To order tanks and containers made from the above steel grades, as well as from others not described in this article, call our specialists at 8-800-555-9480 or send technical requirements for the necessary equipment by email.

Steel 09g2s - characteristics

The decoding indicates the composition and characteristics of the material.

• 09 - volume of carbon in the chemical composition (0.09%);
• g2 - manganese content (varies from 1.2% to 2%);
• C - silicon, the number at the end of the marking indicates its amount, in this case less than 1%.

Alloying of steel is not limited to these three components. Nickel, sulfur, phosphorus and other elements are added to the composition, but their total content is no more than 2%. The density is about 7800 kg/m3, it is reduced by adding copper or cobalt, and increased by tungsten.

The metal is easily welded, so it is used to organize technological lines for civil and industrial purposes. It is resistant to critically low temperatures (down to -70C), therefore it is used in the oil and gas industry in the northern regions of the country.

Hardness is determined using several systems depending on the type of product. Limit characteristics are regulated by technical specifications 14-3-1128-2000.

The chemical composition and performance properties of products from foreign manufacturers may differ from those operating in Russia and the CIS countries, which is due to differences in the requirements of state standards.

Application difference

St20 has a low operating temperature. This means that metal products heat up quickly, and their ductility increases. With strong cooling, on the contrary, the structure becomes fragile.

Therefore, in harsh conditions, 09g2s steel is used, which is easy to weld and is suitable for use in areas where high wear resistance is required. In economic terms, 20 is cheaper, so it is often chosen in industry where the temperature range is not important.

Source

Decoding

The index of each specific steel grade encrypts all the key features of its composition. Therefore, for a professional, these numbers already say everything:

• The first digit indicates the maximum carbon content in the alloy in tenths of a percent. That is, “3” for steel grade st3ps means that it contains no more than 0.3% carbon. In the second case, “09” corresponds to 0.09%.
• The letters “PS” and “SP” indicate the deoxidation class, that is, the degree of oxygen removal from the alloy. In this case, it is “semi-quiet” steel, which was obtained through a chemical reaction with titanium or aluminum.
• The letter "G" codes for manganese. And the number “2” following it shows the content as a percentage. The letter "C" is for silicon. There is no number after it because the concentration is very low.

Comparison of steels 20 and 09g2s

In the manufacture of various metal structures, pipes and pipeline fittings on the Russian market, two grades of steel are most often used: st.20 and 09g2s. The popularity of materials is due to their performance properties, good weldability, and a wide range of operating temperatures.

Steels are used in mechanical engineering, the oil and gas sector, the chemical industry and other areas for the production of:

• bends, transitions, tees and other fittings;
• pipes;
• shut-off and control valves;
• welded structures;
• cars and trailers;
• various parts.

Despite similar areas of application, steel grades differ in composition, and, consequently, in technological and mechanical properties. Therefore, the material is selected based on state and industry standards, technical specifications and design documentation.

Characteristics of steel 20

St.20 is a high-quality carbon structural steel, which is used for the production of parts operating at temperatures from -40 to +450 °C.

The material is plastic, has no restrictions in welding, is not prone to temper brittleness, and is not sensitive to flakes. Average thermal conductivity ensures uniform heating and cooling during product transportation. After thermochemical treatment, it is suitable for the manufacture of parts with low core strength and high surface hardness (gears, worms, etc.).

Chemical elements included in the brand:

• C (carbon) - 0.17-0.24%.
• Si (silicon) - 0.17-0.37%.
• Mn (manganese) - 0.35-0.65%.
• Ni (nickel) - up to 0.3%.
• P (phosphorus) - up to 0.03%.
• S (sulfur) - up to 0.035%.
• Fe (iron) ‒ ∼98%.
• Concentration of other elements, incl. harmful - less than 0.3%.

It is possible to reduce the silicon content when using vanadium, aluminum, titanium or niobium. The amount of manganese can also be reduced to meet mechanical property requirements.

Alloying steel increases strength, resistance to corrosion, and reduces the risk of brittle fracture. Main alloying elements: Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Cu (copper), N (nitrogen), V (vanadium), Ti (titanium), etc.

The material is made by drawing, casting, forging, hot or cold deformation.

Steel grades

Weldability

High strength steel grades

Steel is one of the most important materials that is used in almost all industries. Depending on the application, high-strength steel has different requirements. Steel grades differ in structure, chemical composition and in their properties (physical and mechanical).

Steel is a deformable alloy of iron with carbohydrate (no more than 2 percent) and admixtures of other elements: manganese, silicon, phosphorus. Special requirements are placed on high-strength fasteners. Therefore, to obtain steel that will ideally meet all characteristics, special impurities are added - alloying elements.

These are chromium, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, manganese or silicon.

Steel 20

Quality carbon structural steel

pipes for superheaters, manifolds and pipelines of high-pressure boilers, sheets for stamped parts, cemented parts for long and very long service at temperatures from -40 to 350 degrees.

STEEL GRADE 3

Regular quality carbon steel. This type of steel is in greatest demand in construction. The reason for this popularity is manufacturability, durability and an attractive price.

Another advantage of this alloy is the ability to make products from it that can withstand heavy loads and have good impact resistance. Steel 3 is produced according to GOST 380-94, according to which steel is marked with the letters “St” with a serial number from 0 to 6. The higher this number, the greater the amount of carbon contained in the steel.

This means better strength, but worse plastic characteristics. Steel 3 welds well, is non-flocene sensitive, and is not prone to temper brittleness. Steel 3 contains: carbon – 0.14-0.22%, silicon – 0.05-0.17%, manganese – 0.4-0.65%, nickel, copper, chromium – no more than 0.3%, arsenic no more than 0.08%, sulfur and phosphorus - up to 0.05 and 0.04%.

The amount of these components in the St3 alloy is not allowed above the specified values. The basis of steel is ferrite. Its characteristics do not allow it to be used in its pure form. To improve the strength of ferrite, steel is saturated with carbon, chromium, nickel, silicon, manganese are added (alloyed) and additional thermal hardening is carried out.

Steel 3 withstands a wide temperature range under variable loads. It welds well, is stamped in cold and hot conditions, and is drawn. Can be used without heat treatment.

Weldability of steel 3

Without restrictions - welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment. In steel classified as good, the carbon content is less than 0.25%. They are welded without the formation of hardening structures and cracks in a wide range of welding conditions. Application temperature

Steel application temperature 3

The minimum application temperature (the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region) is minus 30. The maximum application temperature is plus 300.

STEEL GRADE 35

High quality medium carbon steel. This type of steel is used for parts that require high ductility and impact resistance.

High-quality carbon steels of type 35 are manufactured according to GOST 1050-88 and are marked with two-digit numbers that indicate the average carbon content in hundredths of a percent. For example, steel 35 (0.35%).

It has high strength (σв = 640...730 MPa, σ0.2 = 380...430 MPa) and relatively low ductility (δ = 9...14%, ψ = 40...50%). In addition, this type of steel is not susceptible to medium stress, is resistant to deformation and wear, and is not subject to cracking and corrosion.

Therefore, steel 35 is used in the production of high-strength fasteners and flange connections. Temperature range: -40 to +450 degrees Celsius Steel 35 is weldable to a limited extent. Methods of welding RDS, ADS submerged arc and gas shield, ESW. We recommend heating and subsequent heat treatment. CTS without restrictions.

Weldability of steel 35

Structural grade 35 has limited weldability.

With an increase in carbon in the steel, the heat-affected zone and the weld are hardened, hardness increases, and welded joints become more brittle and prone to cracking.

Satisfactory steels have a carbon content of 0.25 to 0.35%. They are less prone to cracking and, with the correct welding conditions, a high-quality seam is obtained. To improve the quality of welding, heating is often used.

Steel application temperature 35

The minimum application temperature (the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region) is minus 40. The maximum application temperature is plus 425.

STEEL GRADE 35X

Alloy steel, chromium Fasteners made of 35X have high structural strength and guarantee structural reliability. In addition, 35X resists impact loads well, has a large reserve of toughness and high fatigue resistance.

35X steel has high resistance to wear, corrosion, cracks and other defects. The main advantage of fasteners made from 35X alloy structural steel over carbon ones is higher strength due to ferrite hardening and greater hardenability, less growth of austenite grains when heated, and increased impact strength.

And the level of mechanical properties is increased due to heat treatment.

Steel application temperature 35x

The minimum application temperature (the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region) is minus 40. The maximum application temperature is plus 425.

Steel grade 40x

Structural alloy steel.

40X steel contains 0.40% carbon and less than 1.5% chromium. This steel is quite difficult to weld. Therefore, in order to obtain a high-quality welded joint, additional operations are necessary. When welding, heating to 200-300 degrees will be required, and then heat treatment by annealing.

Thanks to the addition of chromium, steel 40X fasteners have hardness, strength, heat resistance and corrosion resistance. Steel 40X is designed for significant loads.

Mechanical properties of steel 40x: short-term strength - 570 - 940 MPa, proportionality limit - 320 - 800 MPa, relative elongation - 13 - 17%, relative contraction - 35 - 55%, impact strength - 400 - 850 kJ / sq.m.

The advantages of this steel grade: resistance to high and low temperatures and their sudden changes, can be used outdoors and even in aggressive, humid environments. Another undeniable advantage of fasteners made from this particular grade of steel is the absence of the need to process and clean the surface.

Weldability of steel 40x

Limited weldability. Preheating and subsequent heat treatment are recommended.

Steel application temperature 40x

The minimum application temperature (the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region) is minus 40. The maximum application temperature is plus 425.

STEEL GRADE 45

45 steel has high durability and strength. Steel 45 is used in the manufacture of mechanical parts used under increased loads and requiring resistance (impact, friction).

The mechanical properties of this steel allow it to withstand significant temperature changes and other adverse climatic influences. This steel can withstand temperature tests from 200 to 600 degrees Celsius. When using Art.

45 it should be remembered that: • strength decreases when heated to 200 0C; • steel is difficult to weld and is characterized by low flon sensitivity.

Steel grade 45 - medium carbon; ideal for the manufacture of parts that require high strength or high surface hardness, as well as parts that are moderately loaded and not subject to abrasion during operation.

Weldability of steel 45

High-carbon steel grade 45 is recommended to be joined by resistance welding. Limited weldability steels have a carbon content of 0.36 to 0.45% and are prone to cracking. Welding requires mandatory heating. When welding them, special technological processes are required.

Steel application temperature 45

The minimum application temperature (the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region) is minus 40. The maximum application temperature is plus 425.

Steel grade 09G2S

Low alloy structural steel.

The designation 09G2S indicates that the steel contains 0.09% carbon, the letter “G” means manganese, and the number 2 indicates a percentage of up to 2% manganese. The letter "C" stands for silicon, silicon content less than 1%.

The main advantage of this steel is its high mechanical strength, which allows the use of thinner parts compared to parts made from other steels. This means that parts made of 09G2S have less weight, which is more economically profitable.

In addition, another advantage of this steel is its low tendency to temper brittleness.

Weldability of steel 09g2s

Steel grade 09G2S is widely used for welded structures. Welding can be done either without heating or with preheating up to 100-120 degrees Celsius.

Welding is quite simple, and the steel is not hardened or overheated during the welding process, so there is no decrease in plastic properties or an increase in its grain size.

At air temperatures of minus 15 °C and below, local preliminary heating is used, regardless of the thickness of the steel.

Application temperature for steel 09g2s

The minimum application temperature (the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region) is minus 70. The maximum application temperature is plus 450.

Characteristics of steel 09g2s

Grade 09g2s – structural low-alloy. It is used for the manufacture of parts and welded metal structures operating under pressure at temperatures from -70 to +425 °C, which allows them to withstand severe temperature deformations during long-term operation. In other words, the material is frost-resistant.

• 09 – carbon content (C) – 0.09%.
• g2 - shows the presence of manganese (Mn) up to 2%.
• c – presence of silicon (Si), the absence of numbers after “c” determines its content – ​​up to 1%.

The chemical composition of steel is not limited to these three elements; it can be supplemented with sulfur (S), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), etc. In this case, the total percentage of alloying additives should not exceed 2%.

• does not deform during operation;
• withstands loads with a variable force vector;
• easily subject to heat treatment;
• plastic;
• resistant to flocking;
• not prone to temper brittleness;
• has no restrictions in weldability;
• Micropores do not form in the weld.

09G2s or st20 which is better

Steel.
Types and grades of steel. Their application. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with other elements, the carbon content in it is no more than 2.14%.

The most general characteristic is that steel is classified according to its chemical composition:

carbon steel (Fe - iron, C - carbon, Mn - manganese, Si - silicon, S - sulfur, P - phosphorus). Based on carbon content, it is divided into low-carbon, medium-carbon and high-carbon. Carbon steel is designed for statically loaded tools.

alloy steel - alloying elements are added: nitrogen, boron, aluminum, carbon, phosphorus, cobalt, silicon, vanadium, copper, molybdenum, manganese, titanium, zirconium, chromium, tungsten, nickel, niobium.

According to the production method and impurity content, steel differs:

ordinary quality steel (carbon less than 0.6%) - complies with GOST 14637, GOST 380-94. St0, St1, St2, St3, St4, St5, St6. The letters “St” indicate ordinary quality steel, the numbers indicate the marking number depending on the mechanical properties. It is the cheapest steel, but inferior in other qualities.

high-quality steel (carbon or alloy) - GOST 1577, carbon content is indicated in hundredths of % - 08, 10, 25, 40, the degree of deoxidation and the nature of solidification can additionally be indicated. High-quality carbon steel has high ductility and increased weldability.

Low-carbon high-quality structural steels are characterized by low strength and high ductility. Parts for cold stamping are made from sheet steel 08, 10, 08kp. Bolts, screws, nuts, axles, hooks, studs and other parts for non-essential purposes are made from steels 15 and 20.

Medium-carbon quality steels (st. 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55) are used after normalization and surface hardening for the manufacture of parts that have high strength and core toughness (axles, screws, bushings, etc.)

Steel 60 - steel 85 have high strength, wear resistance, and elastic properties. Crane wheels, rolling rolls, compressor valves, springs, leaf springs, etc. are made from them.

high quality - complex chemical composition with low phosphorus and sulfur content - according to GOST 19281.

Steel is also divided by application:

a) construction steel - carbon steel of ordinary quality. Has excellent weldability. The number indicates the conditional number of the steel composition according to GOST. The higher the reference number, the higher the carbon content, the higher the strength of the steel and the lower the ductility.

St0-3 - for secondary structural elements and non-critical parts (flooring, railings, lining, washers)

St3 is used for load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements of welded and non-welded structures and parts that operate at positive temperatures. GOST 380-88.

The quality standard provides for steel with an increased amount of manganese (St3Gsp/ps, St5Gsp/ps).

b) structural steel - GOST 1050

Carbon-based high-quality structural steels are used in mechanical engineering, for welded, bolted structures, for roofing work, for the manufacture of rails, railway wheels, shafts, gears and other parts of forklifts. The numbers in the marking indicate the carbon content in tenths of a percent.

St20 - lightly loaded parts, such as rollers, copiers, stops,

St35 - experiencing small stresses (axles, rods, levers, disks, traverses, shafts),

St45 (st40Х) - requiring increased strength (shafts, couplings, axles, racks)

Structural alloy steels are used for tractor tracks, the manufacture of springs, leaf springs, axles, shafts, automobile parts, turbine parts, etc.

c) tool steel - used for cutting tools, high-speed steel for cold and hot deformation of materials, for measuring instruments, for the production of hammers, chisels, chisels, cutters, drills, files, razors, rasps.

U7, U8A (the figure is tenths of a percent in terms of carbon content). Carbon steels are produced in high quality and high quality. The letter "A" stands for high quality carbon tool steel.

d) alloy steel - universal steel containing a special impurity. Silicon content more than 0.5%, manganese more than 1%. GOST 19281-89. If the content of the alloying element exceeds 1 - 1.5%, then it is indicated by a number after the corresponding letter.

low-alloy steel - where alloying elements are up to 2.5% (09G2S, 10HSND, 18KhGT). Low-alloy steel can be used in conditions of the far north, from -70 degrees C. Low-alloy steel is distinguished by greater strength due to a higher yield strength, which is important for critical structures.

medium alloyed (2.5 -10%),

highly alloyed (from 10 to 50%)

Steel 09G2S is used for steam boilers, apparatus and containers operating under pressure and temperatures from minus 70 to plus 450 degrees; it is used for critical sheet welded structures in chemical and petroleum engineering, and shipbuilding.

Steel 10HSND is used for welded structures in chemical engineering, shaped profiles in construction, and carriage building.

18ХГТ is used for parts operating at high speeds under high pressure and shock loads.

e) special purpose steel - steel with special physical properties. It is used in the electrical industry and precision shipbuilding.

The weldability of steel is affected by the degree of its deoxidation. According to the degree of deoxidation, steel is classified:

mild steel (st3sp) - completely deoxidized with a minimum content of slag and non-metallic impurities,

semi-quiet steel (st3ps) - quality characteristics are similar to calm steel,

boiling steel (08kp) - unoxidized steel with a high content of non-metallic impurities. GOST 1577.

Depending on the standardized characteristics, steel is divided into categories: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Categories indicate chemical composition, tensile mechanical properties, impact strength)

For example, category 1 - chemical composition is not standardized, category 3 - impact strength at a temperature of +20 is standardized. For the St0 grade, neither the chemical composition nor the yield strength are standardized.

Steel grade S245 - St3ps5

Steel grade S255 - St3sp5

Steel grade S235 - St3kp2

Steel grade S345 - 09G2S

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Differences

Steels differ in the content of chemical elements, which entails differences in application.

St20 expands under the influence of high temperatures and becomes plastic. At low temperatures it becomes brittle. It is a cheaper brand compared to 09g2s.

St.09g2s retains its original characteristics and is more wear-resistant. Therefore, it is used for the production of steel elements, which are subject to increased requirements for resistance and temperature changes.

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Comparison of steels 09g2s and 20

Steel grades 09g2s and 20 are the most in demand in the production of metal structures and pipeline fittings on the Russian market. This is due to the excellent technical properties of these materials. They are easy to weld and are suitable for use in any climatic conditions. Parts made of steel of these grades are used to work even at critically low temperatures and sudden pressure changes.

Steels 09g2s and 20 are used in mechanical engineering, the chemical industry, the oil and gas industry and other fields. Fittings, pipeline and shut-off and control valves, welded and other structures are made from them.

The brands differ in physical and chemical content. The choice of alloy depends on the operating conditions of the parts being created, industry standards, and the type and aggressiveness of the substance being transported in the pipeline. In this article we will familiarize ourselves with detailed descriptions of each type of steel and their differences, so as not to make a mistake with the choice.

Steel grades st3PS/SP and 09G2S

What is the difference between steel grades st3PS/SP and 09G2S

Knowing and being able to distinguish steel grades is necessary for everyone involved in the production of metal products of any purpose and type. In this article we will look at two types of steel and determine what their indices mean and how this affects their scope of application.

Characteristics st.09g2s

Grade 09g2s is a structural low-alloy steel. This metal is used for the production of parts, mechanisms and structures in the automotive industry and construction.

Deciphering the chemical composition:

• 09 — carbon © ‒ 0.09%;
• g2 - manganese (Mn) - from 1.2% to 2%;
• c – silicon (Si) – up to 1%.

In addition, the chemical composition may include the following alloying elements: nickel (Ni), sulfur (S), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and other substances, in percentages not exceeding 2%.

Properties of st.09g2s:

• temperature range: from −70 to +425 degrees;
• specific gravity - 7850 kg/m3;
• density is approximately 7800 kg/m3, in the presence of copper and cobalt it decreases, tungsten increases it;
• no deformation;
• resistance to variable force vector;
• ease of welding with and without preheating;
• plastic;
• average thermal conductivity ensures uniform heating and cooling during product transportation;
• resistance to the formation of flakes and micropores;
• no temper brittleness.

Application area:

• oil industry;
• creation of technological lines for civil and industrial purposes;
• gas industry.

Features and composition

Steel grade 09g2s represents a group of structural low-alloy alloys, used for the manufacture of integral structures and individual parts. Widely used in construction, industry and other areas related to the production of metal products.

The metal belongs to low-carbon steels. The composition contains silicon (less than one percent) and manganese (no more than two percent). The listed substances are indicated in the name (G - manganese, C - silicon), the number shows the amount of carbon (only 0.09 percent!). These are the main components; impurities of magnesium and nickel are also possible. The proportion of phosphorus and sulfur is insignificant. This is one of the main features of this category of metals. Since it is these elements that directly affect the density of the alloy. The fewer there are, the stronger the metal.

Also, the list of distinctive characteristics of 09g2s steel includes high “weather” endurance (not afraid of frost, ultraviolet radiation), functionality (fast and reliable welding) and strength. The last property is key, which allows you to make parts of small thickness without compromising quality.

Characteristics of Art. 20

St.20 is a carbon material. The content of this element ranges from 0.17 to 0.24%.

Also includes:

• magnesium (Mg) - up to 0.65%;
• phosphorus (P) - up to 0.035%;
• silicon (Si) - up to 0.37%;
• other, including harmful, components - up to 0.3%;
• chromium

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What is the difference between steel 20 and steel 09g2s

Metal grades st20 and 09g2s are in demand in the market of pipes and pipeline fittings. They are used in domestic and foreign industry for the production of:

• rolled metal;
• welded structures;
• bends, supports and locking mechanisms;
• tees and transitions.

Their popularity is associated with high performance characteristics, which allow them to be used in regions with critically low outside temperatures, in high-pressure systems and sudden changes.

Despite the use of these brands in the same areas, their type and individual chemical and physical parameters differ. Therefore, the manufacturer selects the appropriate material in accordance with technical specifications, state and industry standards, and the characteristics of the transported working environment.

Steel 20 - characteristics

St20 refers to structural carbon steel. It is plastic, there are no restrictions on weldability. Parts are produced by drawing, casting with additional thermochemical treatment, hot and cold deformation methods.

The chemical composition includes the following elements:

• carbon content from 0.17 to 0.24% depending on the design;
• magnesium - up to 0.65%, silicon - up to 0.37%;
• phosphorus - up to 0.035%;
• other elements, including harmful ones, no more than 0.3%.

Alloying the metal with other elements improves the performance characteristics of the material. For example, adding up to 0.25% chromium increases resistance to moisture, so rolled metal is better protected from corrosion.

• The hardness of the material depends on whether heat treatment has been carried out. It varies between 372–412 MPa for pipes and rolled metal, the yield strength is 225–245 MPa.
• Operating temperature is from -40 to 450C, therefore suitable for use in the northern regions of the country.
• It has average thermal conductivity, which ensures optimal heating and cooling rates during product transportation.

Photos of products from Art. 20

Steel 09g2s - characteristics

The decoding indicates the composition and characteristics of the material.

• 09 - volume of carbon in the chemical composition (0.09%);
• g2 - manganese content (varies from 1.2% to 2%);
• C - silicon, the number at the end of the marking indicates its amount, in this case less than 1%.

Alloying of steel is not limited to these three components. Nickel, sulfur, phosphorus and other elements are added to the composition, but their total content is no more than 2%. The density is about 7800 kg/m3, it is reduced by adding copper or cobalt, and increased by tungsten.

The metal is easily welded, so it is used to organize technological lines for civil and industrial purposes. It is resistant to critically low temperatures (down to -70C), therefore it is used in the oil and gas industry in the northern regions of the country.

Hardness is determined using several systems depending on the type of product. Limit characteristics are regulated by technical specifications 14-3-1128-2000.

The chemical composition and performance properties of products from foreign manufacturers may differ from those operating in Russia and the CIS countries, which is due to differences in the requirements of state standards.

Application difference

St20 has a low operating temperature. This means that metal products heat up quickly, and their ductility increases. With strong cooling, on the contrary, the structure becomes fragile.

Therefore, in harsh conditions, 09g2s steel is used, which is easy to weld and is suitable for use in areas where high wear resistance is required. In economic terms, 20 is cheaper, so it is often chosen in industry where the temperature range is not important.

Steel 09g2s is a very popular steel, used both in construction and in many industries. There are domestic and foreign analogues of this type. It is most often used for the manufacture of pipes, rolled metal and welded metal structures, the temperature range of which is from -70 to 425 0 C9 with permissible loads on them).

How to distinguish steel 3 from 09g2s

High strength steel grades

Steel is one of the most important materials that is used in almost all industries. Depending on the application, high-strength steel has different requirements. Steel grades differ in structure, chemical composition and in their properties (physical and mechanical).

Steel is a deformable alloy of iron with carbohydrate (no more than 2 percent) and admixtures of other elements: manganese, silicon, phosphorus. Special requirements are placed on high-strength fasteners. Therefore, to obtain steel that will ideally meet all characteristics, special impurities are added - alloying elements.

These are chromium, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, manganese or silicon.

Steel 20

Quality carbon structural steel

pipes for superheaters, manifolds and pipelines of high-pressure boilers, sheets for stamped parts, cemented parts for long and very long service at temperatures from -40 to 350 degrees.

STEEL GRADE 3

Regular quality carbon steel. This type of steel is in greatest demand in construction. The reason for this popularity is manufacturability, durability and an attractive price.

Another advantage of this alloy is the ability to make products from it that can withstand heavy loads and have good impact resistance. Steel 3 is produced according to GOST 380-94, according to which steel is marked with the letters “St” with a serial number from 0 to 6.

The higher this number, the greater the amount of carbon contained in the steel. This means better strength, but worse plastic characteristics. Steel 3 welds well, is non-flocene sensitive, and is not prone to temper brittleness.

Steel 3 contains: carbon – 0.14-0.22%, silicon – 0.05-0.17%, manganese – 0.4-0.65%, nickel, copper, chromium – no more than 0.3%, arsenic no more than 0.08%, sulfur and phosphorus - up to 0.05 and 0.04%. The amount of these components in the St3 alloy is not allowed above the specified values. The basis of steel is ferrite.

Its characteristics do not allow it to be used in its pure form. To improve the strength of ferrite, steel is saturated with carbon, chromium, nickel, silicon, manganese are added (alloyed) and additional thermal hardening is carried out.

Steel 3 withstands a wide temperature range under variable loads. It welds well, is stamped in cold and hot conditions, and is drawn. Can be used without heat treatment.

Weldability of steel 3

Without restrictions - welding is performed without heating and without subsequent heat treatment. In steel classified as good, the carbon content is less than 0.25%. They are welded without the formation of hardening structures and cracks in a wide range of welding conditions. Application temperature

Steel application temperature 3

The minimum application temperature (the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region) is minus 30. The maximum application temperature is plus 300.

STEEL GRADE 35

High quality medium carbon steel. This type of steel is used for parts that require high ductility and impact resistance.

High-quality carbon steels of type 35 are manufactured according to GOST 1050-88 and are marked with two-digit numbers that indicate the average carbon content in hundredths of a percent. For example, steel 35 (0.35%).

It has high strength (σв = 640...730 MPa, σ0.2 = 380...430 MPa) and relatively low ductility (δ = 9...14%, ψ = 40...50%).

In addition, this type of steel is not susceptible to medium stress, is resistant to deformation and wear, and is not subject to cracking and corrosion. Therefore, steel 35 is used in the production of high-strength fasteners and flange connections. Temperature range: -40 to +450 degrees Celsius

35 steel has limited weldability. Methods of welding RDS, ADS submerged arc and gas shield, ESW. We recommend heating and subsequent heat treatment. CTS without restrictions.

Steel 09g2s 12: decoding

Understanding how labeling is formed allows you to clearly understand what product the manufacturer represents, as well as its main features. For those who are interested in details about 09g2s, the breakdown of steel is as follows:

• 09 – quantitative fraction of carbon content in the alloy (0.09%);
• G2 is manganese and its part in the entire volume fluctuates around 2% (the exact figure ranges from 1.3 to 2%);
• C - denotes silicon, the absence of numbers after the symbol indicates that it is less than 1%.

Thus, the decoding of 09g2s clearly looks like this:

As can be seen from the table, the interpretation of steel 09g2s is not limited to only three alloying components. In addition to carbon, silicon and manganese, it is supplemented by the following elements: nickel, sulfur, phosphorus, chromium, nitrogen, copper, etc. The percentage component of alloying metals is no more than 1-2 total%.

Marking 09g2s on a steel sheet

Also, for steel 09g2s, not only the alloying level is taken into account, but also other factors. Here are just a few of them that are significant for a particular case:

• constructiveness (purpose);
• eutectoid (structure: hexagonal, cubic, etc.; changes after hardening, etc.);
• production method (open hearth, conventional or electric steel);
• chem. steel composition 09g2s (in this case low-alloy).

As a result, analogues appear in relation to which questions like the following are often asked: is 345 steel 09g2s ? The designation C345 was introduced for builders , where the numbers do not indicate the chemical composition of the material, but its important property - the yield strength; for steel 09g2s it corresponds to the construction standards C345, which is reflected in a number of GOSTs (27772-88).

Below, several classic options are considered, including when one grade of steel corresponds to several strength classes.

Steel 09G2S - low-alloy structural steel for welded structures

Steel substitutes:

• 09GS,
• 09G2DT,
• 09G2T,
• 10G2S

Foreign analogues:

• TSt E 355 (1.0566) - Germany DIN
• A590 AZ, A 36-207 - France (AFNOR)

IMPORTANT!!! The possibility of replacement is determined in each specific case after assessing and comparing the properties of steels

Type of delivery

Long products, including shaped steel: GOST 19281-73, GOST 2590-88, GOST 2591-88, GOST 8239-89, GOST 8240-89. Thick sheet GOST 19281-89, GOST 5520-79, GOST 5521-93, GOST 19903-74. Thin sheet GOST 17066-80, GOST 19903-74, GOST 19904-74. Strip GOST 103-76, GOST 82-70.

Forgings and forged blanks GOST 1133-71.

Purpose

Parts of apparatus and vessels operating at temperatures from -70°C to +475°C under pressure.

In steam and hot water pipelines - parts made of sheet metal - up to a temperature of 450°C, pipes - up to a temperature of 425°C, in boilers - sheet parts operating at temperatures up to 450°C, in all cases without pressure limitation. Fasteners in boilers and pipelines are used up to temperatures of 425°C and pressures of up to 10 N/mm2.

Steel grade 09G2S must be tested for tension at elevated temperatures.

As a result of such tests, the yield strength at 320 °C for sheets of steel grade 09G2S with a thickness of 60 mm and more should be at least 18 kg/mm2

Interpretation of steel 09G2S

The two-digit number 09 indicates the approximate carbon content in steel in hundredths of a percent, i.e. The carbon content in steel is approximately 0.09%.

Beech G means that the steel contains manganese in an amount of about 2%.

The letter C means that the steel contains silicon.

Chemical composition, % (GOST 19281-2014)

C, carbonMn, manganeseSi, siliconP, phosphorusS, sulfurCr, chromiumNi, nickelCu, copperAs, arsenicN, nitrogenmore

Application of steel 09G2S for bodies, covers, flanges, membranes and valve assembly made from rolled products, forgings (stampings) (GOST 33260-2015)

Application of steel 09G2S for reinforcement fasteners (GOST 33260-2015)

Maximum permissible temperatures for the use of 09G2S steel in environments containing ammonia

NOTE The conditions of use are established for a corrosion rate of the nitrogen layer of no more than 0.5 mm/year.

Maximum permissible temperature for using 09G2S steel in hydrogen-containing environments

Yield strength σ0.2 (GOST 5520-79)

Mechanical properties

Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures

Note : Normalization at 930-950 °C.

Mechanical properties depending on tempering temperature

Impact strength KCU

GOST Delivery conditionSection, mmKCU, J/cm2, at temperature, °C+20-40-70

Technological properties

Forging temperature, °C: beginning 1250, end 850. Weldability - weldable without restrictions. Welding methods: RDS, ADS submerged and gas shielded, ESW.

Cutting machinability - Kv tv.spl = 1.0 and Kv b.st = 1.6 in the normalized, tempered state at σв = 520 MPa.

Tendency to temper brittleness - not prone.

Flock sensitivity - not sensitive.

Technical characteristics: subtleties of using reference manuals

The properties of 09g2s steel are largely determined by the chemical composition of the alloy, its specific parameters, which today are quite accurately calculated by metallurgists.

Steel grade 09g2s has the following critical points :

• Ac1 = 732, when austenite transforms into pearlite during cooling processes;
• Ac3(Acm) = 870 (s – from French chauffage/heating) the end point of cementite dissolution;
• Ar3(Arcm) = 854 (refro >The symbols are classic, numbers 1 and 3 indicate the numbers of points on the graph. Symbols cm usually mark hypereutectoid steels.

If we talk about other features of St 09g2s, the following characteristics are noted: easy weldability of the material . For this purpose, RDS, ADS under flux and gas protection are used. Only products that have undergone chemical-thermal treatment cannot be welded.

The mechanical properties of steel 09g2s are tabular values ​​that were developed by a number of GOST standards and describe the material at room temperature, as well as for its other states.

Among the important mechanical properties of 09g2s steel are the following:

• Yield strength for permanent deformation, measured in MPa;
• Relative values ​​of elongation at break and contraction;
• Impact strength (use under load is one of the main applications);
• Brinell hardness (HB).

Strength class of steel 09g2s: the table for the list of grades includes the one indicated, which, as already noted, corresponds to C345 . This also includes a number of other brands. Thus, steels that are different in chemical composition and even in the method of producing steel can have the same strength class. This data can be found for 09g2s according to GOST 19281-2014; the characteristics of the alloys are presented in convenient tables that are easy to navigate. You can view (download) GOST 19281-2014 here .

But the opposite situation is also possible. For example, for 09g2s GOST 19281-89 and grade 16GS there is data on strength classes 265 and 296.

The same GOST describes the types of rolled metal:

• Varietal, round, shaped with various sections (including circle 09g2s).
• Wideband profiles with a certain thickness of products.

Large diameter circles steel 09g2s

Similar information is provided for other brands.

The density of steel 09g2s fluctuates, somewhere around the mark of 7800 kg/m 3. But alloying elements can either increase the specific gravity or reduce it. Tungsten tends to be the first. The second is achieved by adding: cobalt, nickel, copper.

The hardness of steel 09g2s can be determined by Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, etc. the choice of system is determined by the type of products for which parameter determination is required. It is also important when choosing a welding method; the hardness of the steel at the weld should remain fairly high.

Most of the listed parameters can be found in TU 14 3 1128 2000 for steel 09g2s, as well as for other grades. The technical specifications describe the requirements for the materials from which pipes are made for servicing gas fields and other areas of the industry.

The permissible stress for steel 09g2s is calculated depending on the following values:

• strength class and grade;
• temperatures at which it will be operated;
• thickness, sometimes configurations (circle, sheet, etc.).

Existing 09g2s analogues are foreign (European, Asian, others), most similar in mechanical and technical properties to the specified brand. However, the chemical composition can vary greatly. The Bulgarian version of this brand has the closest configuration.

Steel 09g2s: characteristics and application

The main areas of use of this brand: sheet and shaped products. For hot-rolled strip, GOST 103-2006 standards are used, but steel circles are in accordance with GOST 2590-2006.

As already noted, steel 09g2s and analogues are easy to weld. The characteristics already listed allow the use of this material for products that require high wear resistance: beams, channels, corners.

Brand 09g2s, its technical characteristics, are necessary in the creation of vehicles, construction, oil and chemical industries. A wide temperature range allows the material to be used where severe deformations occur over a long service life. At the same time, the limiting temperature of -70 degrees facilitates the use of products made from St. 09g2s in harsh climatic conditions.

Steel 09g2s is used in the construction of RVS for storing petroleum products in the North

Steel 09g2s-15 also fits this description well. It is used for all of the above points. It only remains to add that in addition to welding, installation can be carried out using bolted connecting elements. The metal's resistance to chemical influences makes it interesting in the relevant industry. At the same time, high mechanical qualities are used for the construction of bridges, roads, port stations, etc.

The 09g2s-12 brand is also popular among builders. It also has stable plastic properties. It is distinguished by a special chemical composition, which includes arsenic. Used for the manufacture of pipeline fittings. Cannot be used in the food industry.

In the north of Russia, many kilometers of pipelines were built using just this brand. There, more than anywhere else, frost resistance and easy weldability of products are useful. This allows you to create complex, at the same time socially significant objects (metal structures) from 09g2s and analogues.

At the same time, for cities with a temperate or continental climate, steel 09g2s according to GOST standards of various numbers is suitable for beautifying streets. Square pipe is extremely popular as fencing, posts for billboards, installation of mobile trading platforms, and much more. For the same purposes, the rectangular configuration of products is used.

Steel 09g2s, the characteristics of which have already been discussed in some detail in this presentation, is of interest to welders, regardless of the method of performing work. Flanges made of this material are especially popular. Features of the work are described in GOST 19281-73. The craftsmen are quite welcoming to the news about the need to work with this brand.

The boiler tank itself is made of steel 09g2s

Steel 09g2s with different strength classes can be used for the production of steam boilers, as well as equipment used in the agricultural complex. Details about the requirements for steel 09g2s in GOST-5520 79.

An additional reason for using alloys of this brand is high efficiency, achieved not only due to low cost of production. The ease and speed of construction of buildings, structures, installation of equipment also allows you to optimize the costs of enterprises in various industries.

Categorization of rolled metal products of low-alloy steels GOST 19281-89

06.01.2021

Category of rolled low-alloy steels GOST 19281-89

When designating grades of low-alloy steels (GOST 19281-89), after the steel grade (with a dash), the rolled metal category is written (example: 09G2S -12 , 09G2S -14 , 09G2S -15 , 10HSND -15 , 15HSND -15 ). The category indicates for which standardized characteristics the rolled metal was tested.

Grade 09g2s – structural steel, low-alloy, carbon. The amount of additives in it does not exceed 2.5%, and the numerical and alphabetic symbols in the name indicate their percentage in the metal.

Decoding the marking according to GOST 5058-65 means that the carbon content in steel is 0.09%, the letter “G” in combination with the number “2” indicates the addition of 2% manganese, and “C” means a one-percent addition of silicon. Analogues of this steel - 09g2, 09g2dt, 09g2t, 10g2s, are also easily deciphered according to GOST.

The main advantage of this brand is its good weldability, which is carried out both with heating and heat treatment, and without heating.

Main characteristics of steel 09g2s

Decoding of the 09G2S brand: The designation 09G2S means that 0.09% carbon is present in the steel, since 09 comes before the letters, followed by the letter “G” which means manganese, and the number 2 means a percentage of up to 2% manganese.

Next comes the letter “C”, which means silicon, but since there is no number after C, this means the silicon content is less than 1%.

Thus, the decoding 09G2S means that we have a steel with 0.09% carbon, up to 2% manganese, and less than 1% silicon, and since the total number of additives fluctuates around 2.5%, this is low-alloy steel. Sulfur and phosphorus, which negatively affect the toughness of steel, are used in the grade in small quantities.

• carbon – up to 1.2%;
• silicon – 0.5-0.8%;
• manganese – 1.3-1.7%;
• nickel – up to 0.3%;
• sulfur – up to 0.04%;
• phosphorus – 0.035%;
• chromium – up to 0.3%;
• nitrogen – up to 0.008%;
• copper – up to 0.3%;
• arsenic – 0.08%.
• iron – 96-97%.

The mechanical properties of 09g2s steel make it possible to use it for various building structures, since it has increased strength even in parts that are not very thick. The range of its temperature use is significant: -70 – +450°C, because it has the stability of its inherent qualities.

The value of the technological properties of grade 09g2 is associated with the presence of:

• high endurance limit, especially after obtaining a two-phase ferrite-martensite structure
• plasticity
• easy weldability without restrictions
• hardenability
• no overheating
• lack of flake sensitivity
• resistance to cracking
• resistance to temper brittleness, etc.

According to GOST 19281-89, a rolled metal category is added to the grade, as well as to other low-alloy steels. For example, 09g2s -12 will mean that a steel sheet made from 09g2s was tested for impact strength at a temperature of -40°C. Accordingly, 09g2s -15 will mean that a steel sheet made from 09g2s was tested for impact strength at a temperature of -70°C

Hot-rolled steel sheet 09G2S is also called low-alloy sheet. This sheet is used for welded, riveted or bolted structures.

Also made from steel 09G2S:

• parts for carriages;
• steam boilers;
• welded transitions, flanges;
• seamless pipes;
• pressure apparatus;
• equipment for the petrochemical industry.

Type of supply: long products, including shaped steel: GOST 19281-73, GOST 2590-2006, GOST 2591-2006, GOST 8239-89, GOST 8240-97.

Thick sheet GOST 19282-73, GOST 5520-79, GOST 5521-93, GOST 19903-74.

Thin sheet GOST 17066-94, GOST 19904-90.

Strip GOST 103-2006, GOST 82-70.

Forgings and forged blanks GOST 1133-71

Sheet 09G2S is manufactured in thicknesses from 4 to 160 mm according to GOST 19903 assortment and with technical specifications according to:

Sheet 09G2S GOST 5520 is produced in categories 2-18 and 19-22. In this case the sheets:

• categories 2-6, 10-12, 16, 18, 19 and 20 are produced without heat treatment or heat-treated, including rolling heating;
• other categories - with heat treatment (after normalization or hardening and tempering).

Low-alloy sheets according to GOST 19281 are produced according to strength classes. Sheets are made from steel grade 09G2S in strength classes 265, 295, 325 and 345.

Another important fact that relates to labeling is the designation of the material in different industries. For example, in the construction industry, alloy 09G2S is designated as S345.

Quite often in such cases, many questions arise from unknowing people. The thing is that for builders, marking from the point of view of alloying is not important.

They mark such alloys by their yield strength, which in this case is 345.

Rolled steel C345 is produced in categories 1, 2, 3 and 4 depending on the requirements for impact bending tests. Standardized impact strength indicators for rolled products of various categories specified in the order are given in the table

Weldability of steel 09G2S:

Steel 09G2S is resistant to overheating and cracking. It can be welded either after heating or without preheating and any heat treatment.

This was made possible due to the low carbon content. If there is more carbon in the alloy, then microscopic pores will form in the weld.

When working with thick sheets, it is recommended to use multi-layer welding.

Steel 09G2S does not overheat and is not hardened during the welding process. Its plastic properties remain at a high level, and the grain size does not increase. All these characteristics make this alloy ideal for use in welded structures. The welding process can be carried out with or without preheating (up to approximately 100°-120°).

It is this brand that allows you to create the most thin-walled elements, which is excellent for its use in shipbuilding and the construction field. In addition, the material is quite strong and durable, which makes the structure safe.

Rolled sheets made of steel 09G2S. This allows you to create complex structures for the gas, oil and chemical industries. In such areas, steel products from this grade are presented in the form of pipes and pipeline fittings.

Welding methods:

• manual arc (RDS)
• argon-arc (AS) submerged arc and gas protected
• electroslag (ESS)

Mechanical restoration

Steel can be subjected to different types of mechanical processing: turning, shot blasting and milling, cross cutting, drilling, straightening. At the same time, the metal does not lose its positive properties. Mechanical processing can be performed on almost any equipment.

It is worth remembering that this mechanical indicator directly depends on the chemical set of the corresponding components, and the presence of a higher percentage of any element can play a key role in the formation of strength indicators when processing this steel.

Mechanical properties of steel 09G2S

Depending on the strength class, such an indicator of mechanical characteristics as hardness also changes. The relationship between these two indicators is direct: the higher the strength category of the material, the higher the hardness value.

Typically, the hardness of low-alloy alloys is measured using the Brinell method, and the hardness indicator is indicated in HBW units, but depending on the requirements for the product and the place of inspection (base material or weld material), the hardness measurement method may change.

In this case, the hardness of the material can be expressed in units on the Rockwell, Vickers, etc. scale.

Mechanical properties of rolled steel C345

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Features of electric welding

There are special requirements for working with this material, which are determined by the need to comply with the technological process. The need to maintain the strength of steel at seams has already been noted. However, under normal conditions it is hardly possible to achieve an absolutely positive result.

For example, the condition for preventing overheating is achieved by using low currents of 40-50 A / 1 mm electrode. Welding work is accompanied by subsequent hardening of materials at a temperature of 650 0 C. However, based on the critical points of the alloy, you can make your own calculations for carrying out these works. Moreover, the specified hardening T is applied sequentially to every 25 mm of the seam, for about an hour. Cooling is carried out in ordinary water or in air. Thanks to technology, they achieve quality that is not inferior in properties to even more expensive alloys.

Use of steel 09g2s

Structural metals are chosen for welding more often than others. They do not require long processing and heating time is reduced. The strength of the connections is maintained. The welding is noticeable, but only upon very close inspection. The joint areas are reliably interlocked, resistant to impacts and atmospheric conditions. All thanks to the low carbon content.

Welding technology depends on the thickness and amount of material. Sheets up to 40 mm thick are welded without edges. Alloying elements are immediately soldered into the seam. If you have to work with a whole batch, it would be more advisable to do cascade welding with alternate overlay of sheets.

The finished structure is heated. The optimal temperature is 650 degrees. Time is determined taking into account weight and thickness. On average, it takes about an hour for every 25 millimeters. The product is then cooled and prepared for testing.

Comparison with another steel grade

For example, for 09g2s and st3 the difference is determined primarily by the carbon content. For St3sp it is 10-20 times higher than what is found in the low-alloy alloy.

St3sp – refers to carbon alloys. This grade of steel is characterized by high brittleness and rapid destruction at low temperatures. If the brand being described has a lower limit of -70 degrees, then the object of comparison is only -20.

The quality of St3sp is ordinary, which indicates a likely high presence of sulfur and phosphorus. Then, like 09g2s is high quality. All other advantages are already in the previous description. It only remains to note that the cost of this brand is significantly higher than the price of St3sp.

Video about low alloy steels:

Recycled raw materials

The variety of products is great, the entire range is easy to see simply by Googling or visiting any pipe bulletin board or for rolled metal products. A huge number of channels, corners, etc. Moreover, it is not always clear how the authors set the cost.

For example, the question with the content: “steel 09g2s price per ton” is simply baffling. After all, the decoding does not speak about the type of rental, nor about its other properties and qualities.

By the way, we have already written an article about scrap steel 09g2s - it describes in more detail the recycling of this steel.

Moreover, there are excellent categories when they want to sell old scrap 09g2s, new products, or simply materials that have already become unusable. Therefore, the price for this type of metal is rarely fixed. Only what is recycled is taken by weight. Channels and other items are accepted individually as business scrap with a price. Rolled sheets are measured by footage. But in principle, these data can also be calculated by weight, subject to the purchase of large quantities. But then both parties run the risk of cutting prices, because the number of products may differ slightly with this method.