Chainsaw Ural: Features, characteristics, adjustment

Main features of the Ural chainsaw

The Ural chainsaw appeared in 1935. Since then, it has become widespread in the USSR, and after its collapse - in the CIS countries. Subsequently, the manufacturer made a number of improvements to the design of this tool. The new model, made of high-strength materials, is called the Ural-2T-Electron chainsaw . It is designed for use in harsh conditions in any season of the year at extremely low and high temperatures. Using a Ural chainsaw, large trees are felled and sawed. It consists of the following main nodes:

• motor;
• clutch;
• saw unit;
• frame with handles;
• engine starting system.

The tool is mobile and standalone. Although it is equipped with a vibration damping system, the vibration during operation of the chain saw is still high. For this reason, forest fellers are instructed to use the Ural chainsaw no longer than one and a half hours a day. This measure helps prevent the development of occupational diseases caused by harmful working conditions.

In addition, this device is inferior to imported equipment in the following respects:

• the Ural chainsaw engine operates with increased gas generation, so that the operator is forced to remain in a gas-filled environment for a long time;
• servicing the device requires experience and skill;
• there is no chain brake;
• the device uses a mixture enriched with oil twice as strong as compared to foreign gas-powered tools;
• increased fuel consumption.

At the same time, the Ural chainsaw has a number of advantages that allow it to compete with imported models:

• reliability;
• the ability to easily carry out both longitudinal and cross cuts;
• high handles allowing you to work at full height without bending over;
• low cost.

Conclusion

Modern chainsaws have a reliable supply of chain oil, if it fails there is no need to operate the chainsaw to avoid further damage. It is better to troubleshoot the lubrication system by contacting a service center or a specialist with repair experience; this guarantees the quality of the final result.

Source

Children's chainsaw plant Perm Ural, high-quality receiver from the legendary Druzhba. It has enjoyed continued success with consumers for decades. Let's consider its structure, advantages, disadvantages and technical characteristics.

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Specifications

The Ural-2T-Electron chainsaw has the following technical parameters:

• engine – two-stroke, single-cylinder, runs on gasoline;
• vibration velocity on the control handles is 7.9x10-2 meters per second;
• the power of the device is 3.68 kilowatts;
• The weight of the device is 11.7 kilograms;
• fuel mixture consumption is 632 grams per kilowatt-hour;
• dimensions - 46x88x46 centimeters;
• the working length of the saw mechanism is 46 centimeters;
• cylinder diameter is 55 millimeters;
• fuel mixture consumption at maximum power does not exceed 632 grams per kilowatt-hour;
• The fuel tank volume is 1.6 liters;
• the engine power after running in operation for twenty-five hours is at least 3.68 kilowatts (five horsepower);
• the volume of the lubricant container is 0.24 liters;
• The engine crankshaft rotation speed at maximum power is 6200±200 per minute.

Content

The first chainsaws appeared in Germany in the mid-1920s. These were bulky but effective devices designed to be operated by two workers [1]. In 1950, the German chainsaw company Stihl introduced the world's first compact hand saw, the Benzinmotorsäge Typ BL, which could be operated by one worker [2]. The saw was equipped with a compact gasoline engine with a centrifugal clutch and a saw unit with a cutting chain.

In 1953, the Druzhba chainsaw was developed at the experimental design bureau of aircraft engines at Zaporozhye plant No. 478 (today the Progress design bureau). The overall layout of the unit and design was similar to the Stihl Typ BL saw. In 1955, mass production of the Druzhba chainsaw began at the ZiD machine-building plant in Perm [4]. Since 1974, engines for these saws have been produced separately at Biysk Instrument [5], and since 1988, saws have been assembled.

“Druzhba” was intended for industrial use, although a certain number of products were supplied to retail, they were in great short supply. Until the 1980s, Druzhba was the only chainsaw produced in the USSR.

Chain for chainsaw "Ural-2T-Electron"

The sawing apparatus of the Ural chainsaw is based on a 46-centimeter bar, equipped with a removable saw chain, which is removed from the tool during periods of prolonged non-use. During operation, the chain stretches, so it must be adjusted from time to time. The new chain stretches the most, so its tension must be monitored all the time. After use, the chain requires sharpening. This task is performed using a cylindrical round file with a diameter of five to six millimeters. To achieve the best results, when sharpening the chain is not removed from the bar, but the tension is increased.

Recommendations for using a chainsaw in winter

When preparing the tool for use in winter, when the ambient temperature drops below -10 °C, it is necessary to turn on the carburetor heating system. To do this, the aluminum flap is removed. You must first remove the cover, carburetor and casing.

The condition of the rubber crankcase seals should be checked if you plan to operate the chainsaw at temperatures ranging from -25 to -40 °C. If the seals have lost their elasticity or are worn out, they must be replaced. A mixture of gasoline and oil should be used to lubricate the sawing machine.

How to break in a Ural-2T-Electron chainsaw

Before you start using the Ural chainsaw on a regular basis, you need to break it in, that is, let it run for some time at idle speed. Typically, you need to use about four full tanks of fuel mixture for break-in. For these purposes, gasoline and oil are mixed at a ratio of fifteen to one.

After the Ural chainsaw has been idling, running-in must be continued when using the tool with reduced loads. The period during which the device should not be subjected to full load is twenty-five hours. During this period, a fuel mixture is used in the same proportions as during the idle run-in process. After the break-in is completed, the fuel mixture is prepared at the rate of twenty liters of gasoline per liter of oil.

One of the main points after running in is setting up all interconnected systems of the Ural chainsaw. To do this, you should know the operating principle and structure of all its components.

Engine performance is largely determined by proper carburetor settings. The device usually comes from the factory with the most important components finely tuned, but in some cases there is a need to eliminate defects. When adjusting the carburetor, everything is different. Initially, it is configured for an enriched fuel mixture, which is used during the running-in of the new Ural chainsaw.

Detailed review

Each domestic manufacturer took care of creating equipment that best suited its class. The professional level is also confirmed by the presence of many functions and systems, including:

• special frame capable of dampening vibrations;
• low weight for long work in the forest;
• special function - rotate the tire 90 degrees;
• the Ural brand is represented by two models with a capacity of 3 and 5 horsepower;
• the handles on the chainsaw are mounted at the top, which simplifies work in difficult weather conditions;
• an excellent option is a hydrocline designed for felling trees in a certain direction;
• Convenient chain lubrication system.

An excellent solution was the chain lubrication system, which was carried out automatically and provided the worker with excellent productivity. Recently, owners of Ural saws have been using a saw base from the Stihl brand, which has created better performance with the same motor characteristics.

Flaws

Unfortunately, any such device is not without its drawbacks, so Ural chainsaws have several comments:

• diluting gasoline with oil is required in large proportions; instead of modern 50:1, Ural chainsaws required a ratio of 20:1;
• not a single modification received a chain brake;
• such a part as a gearbox tends to fail and even cause damage to the engine;
• During operation, a lot of unpleasant smoke is generated.

Owners of the Ural 2 Electron model note an incorrect air filter, in which the mesh is located with large cells. Due to this disadvantage, the required ratio of gasoline to oil increases.

Modification Ural BP-45-3.0

In addition to the classic model with 5 hp. An interesting chainsaw, Ural BP-45-3.0, was produced, which was an excellent helper in the household. The weight of the device has been slightly reduced, and there is good equipment in the form of an additional ratchet and drive oil. Engine power was reduced to 3 hp. or 2.3 kW.

A 45-centimeter long tire is perfect for the model; fortunately, a large selection allows you to choose the right tire and chain. The tanks for liquids were also reduced - the fuel tank was 550 ml, the oil tank was 260 ml. By the way, the advantage of the Ural BP-45-3.0 is the presence of an automatic oil pump. As a result of all the changes, the final weight of the chainsaw decreased, which amounted to 7 kg.

How to adjust the carburetor

The Ural-2T-Electron chainsaw is equipped with a KMP-100U carburetor, which includes:

• frame;
• diffuser;
• inlet, outlet and check valves;
• fuel channel;
• low and full throttle screws;
• pump and regulator cavities;
• button;
• springs;
• throttle and starting valves.

Before starting the chain saw, you need to keep it with a full tank of fuel for at least four hours so that the carburetor membrane acquires the required qualities.

When switching from the tool break-in mode to a normal fuel mixture, the carburetor must be adjusted by changing the position of the jets using three screws:

• for adjusting high speeds;
• for adjusting the low speed jet;
• idle move.

Rotating these screws changes the speed of the chain rotation and also adjusts the throttle fuel/air ratio. If the mixture is rich, smoke comes out of the muffler; if the mixture is poor, the saw squeals.

Lubrication system malfunctions and ways to eliminate them

The main malfunctions of the oil supply system to a chainsaw can be divided into two main types: these are general malfunctions inherent in all chainsaws, and individual ones, which can vary depending on the type of pump and worm gearbox installed on a particular model. Let's start sorting out the faults in order.

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Signs of a malfunction of the lubrication system, checking its performance

• The chainsaw chain is dry and has a pale tint without shine.
• The chain stretches relatively quickly.
• The tire is very hot and may even partially melt the paint.
• The oil from the tank practically does not decrease.
• Efficiency of a sharp section of a chain

All these signs indicate that the lubrication process is not normal. To check the oil supply to the lubrication system, remove the side guide of the chainsaw and start it. Next, you need to slightly increase the speed, keeping an eye on the end of the oil line. If oil has entered, there is likely not enough oil to provide proper lubrication and you will need to clean or replace the filter and adjust the flow if possible. If this does not happen, the problem is more serious and requires further diagnosis.

There is a way to check the oil supply without removing the tires. To do this, point the end of the bar towards the side, for example, freshly cut stones on the cut side and maximize speed, while trying to keep the end of the bar no more than 10 cm away from the cutlet. If greasy spots begin to appear on its surface, then oil is supplied.

Problem solving

Once it has been determined that no oil is being supplied, further diagnosis is only possible if the oil system is completely removed. Of course, replacing filters helps in some situations, but this is very rare.

The most common faults

1. Broken oil hose. Sometimes this can be found during a visual inspection. The problem is solved by replacing the faulty part.
2. Missing threads on the oil pump shaft will help replace it.
3. Defective threads on the pump drive can also be eliminated by installing a new part.
4. There is no main shaft corkscrew (this is true for some instrument models, such as Homelite). You can fix this by installing a corkscrew that matches the diameter of the carnation in place of the original corkscrew, cutting it to the required length.
5. Lock track. It can be removed by blowing with compressed air or mechanically using a wire of the appropriate diameter.
6. The filter element is clogged.
7. Stihl MS 180, the pump of which cannot be disconnected, often clogs. You can try flushing with pure gasoline if that doesn't help replace it.
8. Chinese chainsaws (Gypsies) often have grooves cut out on the main gear, through which it is transmitted to the power of the star.

Malfunction of the individual lubrication system Stihl MS 180

Due to the fact that the Stihl MS 180 is one of the most common models of chainsaws, I would like to dwell on one of its malfunctions and describe how to fix it without replacing parts.

Instructions for the Ural-2T-Electron chainsaw

Initially, when creating the Ural chainsaw, it was assumed that its repairs would be carried out by non-specialists in the field. For this reason, detailed step-by-step instructions were created on how to repair rather complex mechanisms on your own in very primitive conditions. The instructions for the Ural chainsaw differ from the instructions for other chainsaws in that it contains much more information required for operation. It provides information on the principles of operation of the cooling system, gearbox, magneto and other components of gas-powered tools. The procedure for preparing the device for operation and the process of running in the engine are described in great detail. In addition, the instructions provide recommendations for preparing the workplace, felling timber, and bucking trees.