Steel welding wire produced according to the GOST 2246-70 standard is intended for welding and surfacing.
This wire is also used for the production of welding electrodes. In total, approximately 80 grades of wire of different chemical compositions are produced. Table 1. Diameters of produced welding wires, mm
| 0,3 | 0,5 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,2 | 1,4 | 1,6 | 2,0 | 2,5 | 3,0 | 4,0 | 5,0 | 6,0 | 8,0 | 10,0 | 12,0 |
Welding wire is supplied wound on coils from 1.5 to 40 kg. The internal diameter of the skeins is from 150 to 750 mm. Each skein should be tied with soft wire in three places. Wire from one batch can be supplied in bundled coils whose weight cannot exceed 80 kg. The skeins are wrapped in waterproof paper and given a metal tag with the manufacturer’s name, wire brand and technical control mark. If the certificate is lost, the chemical composition of the wire must be determined before use. By agreement with the customer, the wire can be in rectangular skeins on reels and cassettes. The surface of the welding wire should be free of rust, oil, and graphite grease. Store the wire in clean, dry rooms without access to precipitation.
Photo. Steel wire 0.8 mm 15 kg ESAB
If necessary, the wire is cleaned by passing it through special mechanical devices, by etching in a 5% solution of hydrochloric acid, by sandblasting or sanding paper until a metallic shine appears. Before cleaning, it is recommended to anneal the wire for 1.5-2 hours at a temperature of 150-200 °C.
Steel
Wire is distinguished by purpose: for welding or surfacing.
In total, about 80 grades of wire are produced.
The letters “Св” mean that the wire is welding. A hyphen indicates the grade of steel from which the wire is made. The first digit corresponds to the carbon content in hundredths of a percent. The letters indicate the presence of alloying elements in percentages, which are indicated by the number following the letter designation.
For welding low-carbon steels, six grades are used: Sv-08, Sv-08A, Sv-08AA, Sv-08GA, Sv-10GA, Sv-10G2,
For low and medium alloy steels - 30 grades, for example: Sv-08GS, Sv-08G2S, Sv-18KhGS, etc.
For welding high-alloy steels, 41 grades of wire are used: Sv-08Kh14GNT, Sv-12Kh13, etc.
If there is no number after the letter, then the amount of this element does not exceed 1%. The letter “A” at the end of the marking indicates a reduced content of sulfur and phosphorus, and the letter “AA” indicates an even lower amount.
Low-carbon and alloyed wires are produced non-copper-plated and copper-plated (symbol - O). Copper plating protects the wire from oxidation and improves current supply.
The letter “E” may appear at the end of the marking. “E” means that the wire is used to make electrodes. The letters “Ш”, “ВД” or “VI” indicate that the steel for the wire was made, respectively, by electroslag, vacuum-arc remelting or in vacuum induction furnaces.
An example of a symbol for welding wire with a diameter of 3 mm, grade Sv-08A, with a copper-plated surface made of steel obtained by electroslag remelting:
| Welding conditions | Recommended wire |
| Low-carbon and low-alloy steels in carbon dioxide and mixtures of active gases | Sv-08G2S |
| Low carbon and low alloy steels in argon and helium | Sv-08GS |
| Welding in carbon dioxide outdoors | Sv-20GSUT |
| Construction metal structures made of steel 16G2AF in carbon dioxide | Sv-10ХГСН2МУ |
| Metal structures made of steel 10HSND in carbon dioxide | Sv-08G2SDYU |
| High-strength low-alloy steels (type 14ХГНМ) in carbon dioxide | Sv-10ХН2Г2СМА |
| Steels 08Х22Н6Т and 08Х18Г8Н2Т in carbon dioxide | Sv-08Х20Н9С2БТУ |
Wire for welding medium-carbon and heat-resistant steels
| steel grade | Welding wire grade | |
| in nitrogen, helium | in carbon dioxide | |
| 20ХГСА | Sv-15XMA, Sv-18KhGSA | Sv-08G2S |
| 30ХГСА | Sv-15XMA, Sv-18KhGSA | Sv-10GSM, Sv-10GSMT, CB-08X2CMA, Sv-15XMA, Sv-18KhGSA, Sv-08KhZG2SM |
| 12XM | Sv-08XM | Sv-10ХГ2СМА |
| 15ХМ | Sv-08ХМ | Sv-08HNSMA, Sv-08HG2SM, Sv-08HGSMA |
| 12Х1МФ | Sv-08HMFA | Sv-08KhGSMFA |
| 15Х1МФ | Sv-08ХМ | Sv-08X1M1GSF |
| 15X5M, 15X5, 15Х5ВФ | Sv-10X5M, Sv-08G2S | Sv-08G2S |
Steel welding wire is available in the following diameters (mm): 0.3; 0.5; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 1.6; 2.0; 2.5; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 8.0; 10.0 and 12.0, Wire is supplied in coils with a diameter of 150-750 mm, weighing from 1.5 to 40 kg, and also wound on reels and cassettes.
The surface of the wire must be clean and smooth, without cracks, delaminations, caps, sunsets, shells, nicks, scale, rust, oil and other contaminants.
If necessary, the wire is cleaned by sandblasting or etching in a 5% solution of hydrochloric acid. You can clean the wire by passing it through special mechanical devices, as well as with sanding paper until it has a metallic shine. Before cleaning, it is recommended to anneal the wire coil at a temperature of 150-200°C for 1.5-2 hours.
A certificate indicating the manufacturer, wire symbol, heat and batch number, surface condition and its chemical composition is required. If the certificate is lost, the wire can be used only after its chemical composition has been determined.
Wire for arc welding in inert gases
| steel grade | Wire grade |
| Chromistykh | |
| 08X13 | Sv-12Х13, Sv-08Х14GNT |
| 08X17T | Sv-07Х25Н13, Sv-06Х25Н12ТУ, Sv-08Х25Н12ТУ, Sv-10Х17Т |
| 15X25T | Sv-06Х25Н12ТУ, Sv-08Х25Н13БТУ, Sv-10Х17Т |
| 0X13 1X13 | Sv-10Х13, Sv-06Х14 |
| 2X13 | Sv-08X14GT |
| High alloy | |
| 12X18H10T, 12X18H12T, 08Х19Н10Т | Sv-06Х19Н9Т |
| 03X18H11 | Sv-01Х19Н9 |
| 08Х22Н6Т | Sv-07Х25Н13 |
| 08Х18Н12Б | Sv-07Х19Н10Б |
| 10Х17Н13М2Т, 08Х17Н15М3Т, 08Х21Н6М2Т | Sv-06Х19Н10М3Т |
| 08Х20Н14С2 | Sv-04Х19Н9С2 |
| 10Х23Н18 | Sv-10Х20Н15, Sv-07Х25Н13 |
| 06Х23Н28МДТ | Sv-01Х23Н28М3Д3Т |
| 03X16H15M3 | Sv-04Х19Н11МЗ |
| 08Х18Г8Н2Т | Sv-08Х20Н9С2БТУ |
Welding wire SV08A 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0
SV08A (1000 kg) TU 14-4-828-77 diameter from 2.0 mm to 6.0 mm Welding wire SV-08A is used for welding carbon structures with an oxy-acylene flame
Welding wire is one of the integral elements of the welding process, necessary to ensure high-quality welding.
Welding wire is divided according to purpose, processing method, composition and production algorithm.
Examples of welding wire applications:
1) welding wire is used as a consumable electrode when using semi-automatic electric arc welding. In this case, the welding wire can be either flux-cored or solid, self-shielded or gas-shielded. If the welding wire is used in a shielding gas environment, then during welding it is possible to change the metal composition of the seam by adjusting the composition of the welding wire and shielding gas used.
2) when using argon arc welding with a non-consumable electrode, welding wire is used as an additive. The use of an additive is necessary to strengthen the seam or fill the groove of the edges of the base metal, with a thickness of more than 3 mm. The wire can be fed either manually or using a feed mechanism.
Welding wire can also be gas welding, stainless aluminum, copper-plated and non-copper-plated.
Application of various brands of welding wires:
Welding wire SV-08G2S is used for welding low-alloy and low-carbon steels in carbon dioxide, in various gas mixtures and submerged arcs.
Stainless steel welding wire is used for welding stainless steels such as 08x18n10t, 12x18n9t, 08x18n10 and others. Industries in which this wire is used: pipeline manufacturing, petrochemical engineering, energy and food industry, etc.
Aluminum welding wire is used for welding aluminum structures and Al-Mg, Al-Mn alloys.
Copper-plated welding wire is used for gas arc welding of carbon and low-carbon steels, shipbuilding and structural steels, as well as steel for high-pressure vessels.
Welding wire is used for the manufacture of electrodes and electric arc welding.
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Cored wire
It is a tubular wire filled with powdery filler - charge. The shell is made of steel (usually low-carbon) tape with a thickness of 0.2-0.5 mm. The charge is a mixture of powders from gas-forming, slag-forming components, as well as alloying additives that protect the welding zone, weld pool and heat-affected zone.
1. Steel charge 2. Charge
Flux-cored wires can reduce electrode metal spatter and increase welding productivity.
Before welding, it is recommended to calcinate flux-cored wires at a temperature of 230-250°C for two hours. Welding with unheated wire is allowed, but only with an increased electrode extension of up to 40-60 mm. It is recommended that the distance from the current-carrying tip to the nozzle exit be 15-25 mm.
Wire GOST 2246 for welding. Wire SV08A
GOST 2246-70 defines the characteristics of welding wire of various grades. In addition, it can be used for surfacing and for the production of electrodes.
GOST 2246-70 wire for welding is divided depending on the steel grade into:
- low-carbon welding wire - grades SV08, SV08A, SV08GA
- alloyed welding wire - grades SV08GS, SV12GS, SV08G2S, SV10GN, SV08GSMT, SV15GSTYUTSA (EP-439), SV20GSTYUA, SV18KhGS and others
- high-alloy welding wire - grades SV12Х13, SV12Х11НМФ, SV10Х11НВМФ, SV13Х25Т, SV01Х19Н9, SV20Х13, SV06Х14, SV08Х14ГНТ, SV10Х17Т and others.
Depending on the type of coating, we produce: black and copper-plated welding wire.
Some brands of welding wire, for example, SV08A and SV08 wire, are also used for the manufacture of welding electrodes of different brands - UONI 13/55, MR-3, UONI 13/45, ANO-21, etc.
The chemical composition is given in the table:
Element, % Low-carbon alloy steel grade Sv08 Sv08A Sv08GA Sv08GS Sv08G2S Sv08ХМ S no more than Mn Si no more than PS Cr no more than Ni no more than Al no more than Cu no more
| 0,10 | 0,10 | 0,10 | 0,10 | 0,10 | 0,06-0,10 |
| 0,35-0,60 | 0,35-0,60 | 0,80-1,1 | 1,40-1,70 | 1,80-2,10 | 0,35-0,60 |
| 0,03 | 0,03 | 0,06 | 0,60-0,85 | 0,70-0,95 | 0,12-0,30 |
| 0,040 | 0,030 | 0,030 | 0,030 | 0,030 | 0,030 |
| 0,040 | 0,030 | 0,025 | 0,025 | 0,025 | 0,025 |
| 0,15 | 0,12 | 0,10 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,9-1,2 |
| 0,30 | 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,30 |
| 0,01 | 0,01 | — | — | — | — |
| 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,25 | 0,25 |
Wire GOST 2246-70, depending on the diameter and steel grade used, can be supplied in coils of 80-100 kg, in large coils of 800-1000 kg, as well as on special plastic spools or metal frames.
Welding wire is usually packaged in cloth or moisture-proof paper. Wire for the production of SV08A and SV08 electrodes in coils is supplied without packaging.
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Other types of welding wires
For welding most non-ferrous metals and their alloys, welding wires of various diameters made of aluminum, copper and brass are used.
For aluminum wire and wire made of aluminum alloys there is a domestic GOST 7871-75, which specifies its dimensions (from 0.8 to 12.5 mm) and chemical. compound. GOST 16130-72 applies to wire made of copper and copper-based alloys. Copper wire is available in Ø from 0.8 to 8 mm.
The diameters of welding wire produced in accordance with GOST in our country differ from foreign analogues. And since automatic and semi-automatic welding machines are mostly foreign-made, there is a need to know analogues of wire produced abroad. For example, an analogue of the most used brand Sv08G2S is copper-plated wire ER-70S-6, manufactured by the well-known manufacturer FARINA from China. Supplied with row wound spools. Foreign wire is marked according to AWS standards.
Welding wire can be supplied:
- in coils (Ø 830 ÷ 850 mm, height 700 ÷ 1000 mm, weight up to 1.3 t);
- skeins (Ø 220 ÷ 730 mm, thickness 60 ÷ 180 mm, weight 15 ÷ 120 kg);
- on cassettes and reels weighing 5, 15 and 18 kg.
Coils, skeins, cassettes and reels can be supplied unpackaged and packed in polyethylene or special boxes. If the wire is supplied unpackaged, then before use it must be dried at a temperature of at least 200 0C for half an hour
Welding wire consumption control
During the semi-automatic welding process, it is necessary to keep track of the consumption of welding wire and gas mixtures. This ensures savings in consumables in production and leads to a reduction in the cost of the work itself.
The consumption of wire for welding is influenced by such indicators as:
- chemical composition of the metal;
- diameter and quality of the wire itself;
- data on the technical characteristics of the working semi-automatic welding machine;
- carrying out welding in a neutral gas environment.
In many cases, the consumption of welding wire used is considered to be up to 1.5% of the weight of the entire structure. And the weight of the wire exceeds the weight of the deposited material by up to 6%, since waste and waste occur.
The consumption rates of certain grades of wire per meter of welding seam are determined by the formula M = HP ∙ KR. (where M is the mass of the deposited metal, which directly depends on both the metal and the type of weld). KR – consumption coefficient of the wire used (the value is taken from the tables). Based on this formula, the need for welding wire is calculated not only for a specific type of work, but also for the entire enterprise over time.
